11640 ergonomics for the 21st century
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ERGONOMICS FOR
THE
21ST CENTURY
OFFICE OF RISK MANAGEMENT
LOSS PREVENTION UNIT
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PRE-TEST
What is ergonomics?
What are MSDs?
What are symptoms of MSD?
How can I evaluate my workplace?
What are some ergonomic solutions?
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COURSE OBJECTIVES
Define ergonomics
Establish ergonomics in the
workplaceIntroduce basic skills in therecognition & control ofoccupational ergonomic
hazardsIntroduce ergonomicexercises.
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PROGRAM GOAL
To minimize injuries due to chronicphysical and psychological stresses,
while maximizing productivity and
efficiency
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ERGONOMICS DEFINED
Ergonomics is the scienceof fitting the job to theworker.
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BIOMECHANICS
The science of measuring theamount of force put on the
muscles and joints of people whenworking in different positions.
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BIOMECHANICS CONT.
STATIC - Holding one object or bodypart in one position for an extendedperiod. EX. Standing or sitting in aparking booth or at a microscope.
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BIOMECHANICS CONT.
DYNAMIC - An activity created by therhythmic contraction and relaxation of
the muscles. EX. Walking
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DID YOU KNOW?
As early as the 1700s scientists were
aware ofrepetitive movementinjuries toworkers.
Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714)
Clerks
Cobblers and tailors
Porters
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ERGONOMIC STUDY
AREASWORKERS - what they bring to the job
TOOLS - what they bring to the worker
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ERGONOMIC STUDY
AREAS
TASKS - what the worker must do
ENVIRONMENT- the conditions
surrounding the worker and the tool
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ERGONOMIC FOCUS
The ToolThe Task
The WorkStation and
Environment
The User /Operator
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RESULTING INJURIES
ARE CALLED:
Cumulative Trauma Disorders(CTD),
OrRepetitive Strain Injuries(RSI),
Or
Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSD)
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HOW SERIOUS ARE
MSD
MSD account for:
1/3 of all lost day injuries each year
These injuries cost business $15-20 billionin workers compensation each year
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COMMON CAUSES:
Repetitive and/or prolonged activities
Awkward postures/positions for an
extended timeStatic postures
Vibration
High/low Temperaturesfor an extended time
Forceful exertions
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ERGONOMIC STRESS
AREAS
Knee
Hip
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SIGNS OF MSD
Decreased range ofmotion
Loss of functionDeformity
Cramping
Loss of color
Decreased gripstrength
Loss of balanceSwelling
Redness
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SYMPTOMS OF MSD
Muscle fatigue or pain
Aching
Burning
Numbness
StiffnessTingling
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EXAMPLES OF MSD
TENDONITIS- An inflammation of the tendon.Typically occurs in the shoulder, wrist, hands,
or elbow.CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME- Irritation ofthe median nerve, which runs through a bonychannel in the wrist called the carpal tunnel.
Usually results from excessive flexing ortwisting of the wrist.
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CARPAL TUNNEL
SYNDROME
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MSD CONT.
TRIGGER FINGER SYNDROME- Tendons inthe fingers become inflamed, causing pain,
swelling, and a loss of dexterity.
EYE STRAIN - The eyes become strained asa result of poor lighting, glare or viewing from
awkward positions.
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MSD CONT.
HAND/ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME-Tingling, numbness, blanching, loss of
dexterity in the hand/arm
MUSCLE STRAIN Pain in muscles
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VIDEO
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WHAT CAN WE DO?
Administrative controls
Work practice controls
Engineering controls
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ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROLS
Employee rotation/job task expansion
Physical adjustments to the work pace
Redesign of work methods
Alternative tasks
Breaks
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WORK PRACTICE
CONTROLS
Safe & proper work techniques &
proceduresTraining
Physical conditioning period
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POSTURE & ANGLES
Whether your tasks are performed while
sitting or standing, always maintain
proper posture & angles--and avoid:Awkward positions, and
Extreme reaches for materials
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BODY ANGLES
HEAD
SHOULDERS
ELBOWSHANDS
WAIST
LEGS
FEET
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SITTING POSTURES
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MORE ANGLES
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MORE ANGLES
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ENGINEERING
CONTROLS
Workstations
Tools/equipmentFacilities
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WORKSTATIONS
The objective is to:
Fit the workstation to the employee
Reduce awkward positions
This can be done by using two methods:
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WORKSTATIONS CONT.
Standard Way
Adjustable
workstationAdjustable chair
Foot rests
Adjustablemonitor
Document holder
Innovative Way
Cut legs off
Add blocks Build foot rest
Thick book
Build platform
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TOOLS
Use of Force or of grip-strength Longer/shorter and thicker/thinner handles
Repetitive motion Ratcheting mechanism or gears
Power tools
Electric stapler
Electric knife
Spring-loaded returns
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TOOLS CONT.Awkward positions Bent or curved handles
Extensions or add-ons
Headphones
Support equipment overhead
Step stool
Forceful exertions Soft-touch keyboards/buttons
Lifting devices
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TOOLS CONT.
Static positions
Anti-fatigue matsVibrationAnti-vibration materials
Anti-vibration mounts/handles
External support
Anti-vibration gloves
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FACILITIES
Lighting/glare
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FACILITIES
Temperature
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FACILITIES
Noise
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EXERCISES &
STRETCHES
These are exercises or stretches that can
be performed at your workstation,home, just about anywhere.
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EYE
Eye comfort exercises
Blinking
Yawning Focus change
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EYE
PalmingWhile seated, brace elbows on the edgeof the desk
Let weight fall forwardCup hands over eyes and close eyes
Inhale slowly through nose & hold for 4
secondsContinue deep breathing for 15-30seconds
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EYE
MovementsClose eyes and slowly & gently moveeyes up to the ceiling, then slowly down
to the floorRepeat 3 times
Close eyes and slowly & gently move
eyes to the left, then slowly to the rightRepeat 3 times
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NECK STRETCH
Tilt ear towards shoulder
Reach up and touch top of head with
palm to hold in tilted positionHold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times(come out of stretch slowly)
Reverse side and repeat
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Pec Corner Stretch
Stand at a corner about a foot away from thewall with forearms on opposite sides of thecorner. One foot should be forward.
Elbows should be at slightly below shoulder
heightKeep abdominals tight to avoid arching back
Lean gently towards corner by bending thefront knee until a stretch is felt in front of the
chest.Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times
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Overhead Reach
Take a deep breathe and reach up overhead with both arms.
Hold 5-10 secondsExhale and lower slowly
Repeat 2-3 times
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Shoulder Pinch
Place arms behind head being carefulnot to press hand into head
Relax shoulders, and squeeze shoulderblades together while keeping shouldersback and down
Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times
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Shoulder Shrug
Sitting up straight, slowly bringshoulders up toward your ears.
Hold positions 5-10 secondsThen bring the shoulders down and hold
Repeat 2-3 times
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Chair Rotation Stretch
Sit in chair and place feet flat on floor
Reach across your body and grab the
back of the chairPull gently to increase stretch in midback
Hold 5-10 seconds. Repeat 5 timesRepeat on other side
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Arms Behind Back
StretchHold hands behind back and grasphands together
Pull shoulder blades back and downHold 5 seconds. Repeat 5 times
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Thoracic Spine
Extension StretchLie on your back with a pillow underyour knees. Place a firmly rolled towelunder your shoulder blades across yourupper back
Raise arms up as you inhale
Lower arms as you exhale, and hold a
couple of secondsDo this 5 times
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Prop Ups or Press Ups
Lie on stomach and either prop up onforearms or if wrists are not compromised,press up through hands.
Let stomach sag, and allow back to archwithout using back muscles.
If propped on elbows, hold 5-10 seconds.Repeat 5 times
If on hands, press up and down slowly 10times
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Foot Rotations
While sitting upright, slowly rotate eachfoot from the ankles 3 times in one
directionThen rotate 3 in the opposite direction
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Wrist Flexed & Extended
Hold arm straight at waist height
With fingers of other hand, gently press downabove the knuckles, bending wrist down. (DO
NOT hold at the fingers to push down.)Hold 5-10 seconds and repeat 2-3 times
For extending, hold onto palm of hand andstretch wrist back. (DO NOT pull on fingers.)
Hold 5-10 seconds and repeat 2-3 times.
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Finger Massage
VERY gently, massage the fingers ofeach hand individually.
Move toward the nail gently.Massage the space between yourfingers to widen and relax
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Finger Squeeze
Squeeze a foam block OR the edge ofyour desk firmly with all fingers
Hold for 3 secondsRelax your grip
ERGONOMICS
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ERGONOMICS
PROGRAMEssential elements:
Management Leadership and employee
participation Hazard information and reporting
Job Hazard Analysis and Control
Training MSD Management
Program evaluation
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What three types of controls can we implement as solutions forergonomic problems?
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What three types of controls can we implement as solutions forergonomic problems?
List three (3) examples of environmental conditions that affect
employees.
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What three types of controls can we implement as solutions forergonomic problems?
List three (3) examples of environmental conditions that affect
employees.
Posture is not important in regards to ergonomics. T or F
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What three types of controls can we implement as solutions forergonomic problems?
List three (3) examples of environmental conditions that affect
employees.
Posture is not important in regards to ergonomics. T or F
What does MSD stand for?
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What three types of controls can we implement as solutions forergonomic problems?
List three (3) examples of environmental conditions that affect
employees.
Posture is not important in regards to ergonomics. T or F
What does MSD stand for?
Two examples of MSDs are, Tendonitis and Carpal TunnelSyndrome. T or F
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What is ergonomics?
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What is ergonomics?
List three (3) signs of MSD.
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What is ergonomics?
List three (3) signs of MSD.
Ergonomics study areas include the worker and tools. T or F
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What is ergonomics?
List three (3) signs of MSD.
Ergonomics study areas include the worker and tools.
When focusing on the tool, the task and the environment youare trying to find the best combination for the worker
(user/operator). T or F
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ERGONOMICS POST TEST
What is ergonomics?
List three (3) signs of MSD.
Ergonomics study areas include the worker and tools. T or F
When focusing on the tool, the task and the environment youare trying to find the best combination for the worker
(user/operator). T or F
How can I evaluate my workplace?
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QUESTIONS