11/10 & 11/ th Grade Agenda Learning Objective: Learn about Cancer & Stem Cells Collect HW: Reading & Note Taking 81 84 Lab: Elodea Lab Class Reading p HW: Chap 4 Section 1 & 2 Reading Guide Reflection Prompt: Copy the drawing of the Cell Cycle on p. 132 133. Label each phase. Cell Cycle Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis ? ? ? ? ? ? Interphase Stage 1: Interphase: Period before cell division occurs. Cell is doing its J___ while growing (doubles in size) Replicates (make a copy) its DNA ob Mitosis : Prophase Prophase: Identical Chromatids p______. They are held together by a centromere air up Mitosis : Metaphase Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the m______ iddle Mitosis : Anaphase Anaphase: The centromeres split and the chromosomes are pulled a______ part Mitosis: Telophase Telophase: Each set of chromosomes are F___ away and a nucleus forms around them ar Cytokinesis The cell membrane m______ inwards then pinches in two. This form 2 identical cells oves DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Nitrogen Based Molecules (4 Letters of DNA Alphabet) A pairs up with ____ G pairs up with ____ T C Cell Cycle Stage 1: Interphase: Period before cell division occurs. Cell doubles in size Copy the DNA in its nucleus Cell Cycle Stage 2: Mitosis One copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two daughter cells Cell Cycle Stage 3: Cytokinesis Cytoplasm divides Cell Cycle Facts Some cells divide every 2 hours or less Human Liver cells divide every 22 hours There are about _____ million cells dividing in your body right now!! Most cells divide but human b_____ cells never divide. 100 rain Cell Cycle Facts Some cells divide every 2 hours or less Human Liver cells divide every 22 hours There are about 100 million cells dividing in your body right now!! Most cells divide but human brain cells never divide. Chromosomes DNA Replication DNA looks like a spiral staircase double helix Two sides of DNA ladder are made up of sugar called deoxyribose and Phosphate Adenine always pairs with Thymine Cytosine always pairs with Guanine Cancer What is Cancer Mutation: Damage to the DNA Cancer Cancer begins when mu________ disrupt the normal cell cycle causing cells to di_________ in an uncontrolled way Eventually a tu______ (a mass of abnormal cells) forms. tation vide mor How Cancer Spreads Treating Cancer Surgery: Only effective during early stages Radiation: Radiation also destroy healthy cells Chemotherapy: Uses of drugs to kill cancer cells. Side effect: Also kills healthy cells. Cancer Prevention 2/3 of all cancer deaths are caused by tobacco use or unhealthful diets Smoking is the main cause of lung cancer Cancer Prevention Diet high in fat (fatty meats, fried foods) is harmful Diet that includes a lot of fruits, vegetables and grain products can lower some type of cancer. Differentiation As cells differentiate, they become diff_____ from one another. erent Stem Cells Stem Cells respond to specific needs in the body by becoming a spec____zed ce___ iali ll