11071 verdict ch01 ak - metis beach school -...

Name: Group: Date:

Observatory/Guide 11071-B 1 CHECKUP OF CHAPTER 1

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ANSWER KEY

Checkup • Chapter 1

1 What is matter? (pp. 6–9)

1. How do we define matter? Matter is anything that has volume and mass.

2. What holds the particles of a solid together? Forces of attraction

3. Using the particle model, describe two differences between a solid, a liquid and a gas. Two of the following answers:

SOLID LIQUID GAS

The particles are very close to The particles are very close to The particles are very far apart.

each other. each other.

The particles are bound by The particles are bound by The particles are not bound by

strong forces of attraction. forces of attraction that are forces of attraction.

weaker than those in solids.

The particles are very organized. The particles are fairly There is lots of space between

disorganized. the particles.

The particles have very little The particles have more The particles can move freely

freedom to move around; they freedom to move than in solids in all directions.

can only vibrate in one spot. and can slide over each other.

Name: Group: Date:

CHECKUP OF CHAPTER 1 2 Observatory/Guide 11071-B

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ANSWER KEY 4. The particles in a sample of matter are very close together.

a) Using only this information, can you confirm that this sample is a solid? Explain your answer. No, because it could also be a liquid.

b) What other information could you use to be certain that the sample is a solid? One of these answers:

The particles are very organized.

The particles have very little freedom to move around; they can only vibrate in one spot.

5. What is the name of the smallest particle of matter that cannot be chemically divided? An atom

2 Mixtures (pp. 10–20)

6. Look at the photo at right. What type of mixture is each of the items in the photo?

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES

• Cereal and raisins • Tea

• Cereal, raisins and milk • Milk

• Alloy (stainless steel)

• Plastic

• Glass

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ANSWER KEY 7. What type of mixture is each of the following?

HETEROGENEOUS

MIXTURE HOMOGENEOUS

MIXTURE

a) a handful of earth

b) air c) smog

d) a stainless steel fork e) seawater

f) whipping cream g) a raisin muffin

8. Give the term for each of the following definitions.

a) a substance that can dissolve another substance Solvent

b) a substance that can dissolve into another substance Solute

c) a homogeneous mixture made up of one substance dissolved in another substance Solution

9. What determines the concentration of a solution? The quantity of dissolved solute in a given quantity of solution.

10. A patient receives a prescription from the doctor for a medication that needs to be dissolved in water at a concentration of 2 g/L. The dosage is the following: one teaspoon (5 mL) three times a day for 10 days.

a) What is the minimum volume of the medication in solution that the patient will need? Minimum volume needed: 5 mL ¥ 3 ¥ 10 = 150 mL

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ANSWER KEY b) If you were the pharmacist, how would you prepare the medication from a powder?

Describe what you would do and show all of the calculations you need to prepare the right quantity of medication for the patient.

STEPS PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH

1. Identify what is being sought. What mass of solute must be added to obtain

150 mL of solution with a concentration

of 2 g/L?

2. Identify the variables and their value. m = ?

V = 150 mL = 0.15 L

C = 2 g/L

3. Choose the formula to use.

4. Replace the variables with their value and

isolate the unknown variable. m = 2 g/L ¥ 0.15 L

Therefore, m = 0.3 g

5. Verify the result and answer the question I have to mix 0.3 g of the medication with a bit

to the problem. of solvent. I then have to add enough solvent to

obtain 150 mL of solution.

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ANSWER KEY 11. A woman wants to dye her hair lighter than her natural colour. Her hairdresser uses a

hydrogen peroxide solution at 3 percent V/V to lighten her hair. He needs to prepare 100 mL of this solution by diluting a concentrate to 30 percent. How should he do it? Describe how you reached your answer, showing all your calculations.


1. Identify what is being sought. What volume of concentrated solution does the

hairdresser need?

2. Identify the variables and their value. C1 = 30% V/V

V1 = ?

C2 = 3% V/V

V2 = 100 mL

3. Choose the formula to use. C1V1 = C2V2

4. Replace the variables with their value and 30 % ¥ V1 = 3% ¥ 100 mL

isolate the unknown variable.

Therefore, V1 = 10 mL

5. Verify the result and answer the question The hairdresser has to take 10 mL of solution

to the problem. concentrated at 30% and add 90 mL of water.

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ANSWER KEY 12. The label on a bottle of wine indicates that the wine contains 12 percent alcohol m/V.

How much alcohol does a 750-mL bottle of wine contain? Show all the steps leading to your answer.


1. Identify what is being sought. What is the mass of alcohol in the bottle of wine?

2. Identify the variables and their value. C = 12% m/V = 12 g/100 mL

V = 750 mL

m = ?



isolate the unknown variable.

Therefore, m = 90 g

5. Verify the result and answer the question to There is 90 g of alcohol in a 750-mL bottle.

the problem.

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ANSWER KEY 13. The Nutrition Facts label on a container of

apple juice indicates that 250 mL of juice contains 25 g of sugar. Calculate the concentration of sugar in the juice in g/L. Show all the steps leading to your answer.


1. Identify what is being sought. What is the concentration of sugar in the apple

juice in g/L?

2. Identify the variables and their value. C = ?

V = 250 mL = 0.25 L

m = 25 g



isolate the unknown variable. Therefore, C = 100 g/L

5. Verify the result and answer the question to The concentration of sugar in the apple juice is

the problem. 100 g/L.

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ANSWER KEY 14. Name four factors that can affect the solubility of a substance.

• The nature of the solute • The nature of the solvent

• Temperature • Pressure

15. How does the solubility of table salt in water change with temperature? The solubility of table salt increases with temperature.

16. Look at the graph at right. What is the solubility in g/L of this solid at a temperature of 60ºC? Just under 3000 g/L (more specifically, 2940 g/L)

17. Some industries dump hot water into the environment. How is this practice harmful to fish? The solubility of oxygen in water decreases with increases in temperature. If industries dump hot water,

this increases the temperature of waterways and less oxygen is dissolved. Some fish may die from

asphyxiation.

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ANSWER KEY 18. How can we obtain pure substances from a mixture?

We can obtain pure substances by using one or more physical separation techniques.

19. Indicate which separation technique you think would be the most appropriate for each of the following mixtures:

3 Pure substances (pp. 21–26)

20. Give two examples of non-characteristic properties. Two of the following answers: Size, shape, volume, mass, temperature, etc.

21. We can identify a substance by observing its characteristic properties.

a) What is the difference between a characteristic physical property and a characteristic chemical property? A characteristic physical property does not change the nature of the substance being identified

while a characteristic chemical property changes the nature of the substance in the course of making

the identification.

SEPARATION TECHNIQUE

a) a saltwater solution Evaporation

b) water mixed with sand Filtration

c) a blood sample Centrifugation

d) an oil-and-vinegar dressing Decantation

e) water mixed with alcohol Distillation

f) black ink Chromatography

g) toxic smoke Filtration

h) oil Distillation

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ANSWER KEY b) Give an example of a characteristic physical property.

One of the following answers: Melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, electrical

conductivity, heat conductivity, hardness, malleability, magnetism, etc.

c) Give an example of a characteristic chemical property. One of the following answers: Reaction of litmus paper, reaction of cobalt chloride paper, reaction of

limewater, reaction of a glowing wood splint, reaction of a burning wood splint, reaction of an open

flame, reaction of Fehling’s solution, reaction of iodine solution, etc.

22. Why is density a characteristic physical property, but not mass or volume? A small quantity of a substance will have a small mass and volume while a large quantity of the same

substance will have a large mass and volume. Therefore, mass and volume cannot be used to identify a

substance. However, the density of a substance is always the same, regardless of quantity.

23. You are given three solid substances, all in the form of a white powder. How can solubility help you to identify each of the three substances? Solubility can help identify a substance because it is a characteristic property.

Name: Group: Date:


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ANSWER KEY 24. A technician is given a gas sample to identify. She performs a series of tests and compiles

her results as follows:

PROPERTIES RESULTS

Freezing point –259ºC

Density 0.000 09 g/mL

Colour Colourless

Odour Odourless

Reaction to limewater No change

Reaction to open flame An explosion

a) Study the results in the table. Which tests can be used to identify the gas? Freezing point, density and the burning wood splint test

b) What is the gas in the sample? This gas is probably hydrogen.

11071 verdict ch01 ak - metis beach school -...

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