11

SMART

Space and airborne Mined Area Reduction Tools

Description of results

2

Renaissance/RMA

What is SMART?

Goal: provide help for area reduction

How to use SMART:

• Perform flight and field missions to collect data and relevant information

• Load all data into SMART system

• Extract indicators from data by classification or detectors (SMART tools or COTS)

• At all steps, check intermediary results and correct (add, remove, modify)

• Merge all findings by data fusion module

• Build danger maps (with confidence maps)

• Use these maps to propose areas for reduction

3

Renaissance/RMA

Sensor data

Daedalus

11 channels from light blue to thermal infrared, 1-meter resolution

E-SAR

L-band: full polarimetric, dual-pass interferometric, 2-m resolution

P-band: full polarimetric, dual-pass interferometric, 4-m resolution

X-band: VV-polarization, 1.5-m resolution

C-band: VV-polarization, 1.5-m resolution

RMK

Colour infrared, 3-cm resolution

KVR

Panchromatic satellite images, 2-m resolution

From before the conflict (change detection)

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Renaissance/RMA

IMA and IMP

Indicators…

… of mine absence (IMA):

Mainly cultivated land (more difficult to detect: asphalted roads, infrastructural objects in

use)

… of mine presence (IMP):

From data: agricultural areas no longer in use, edges of forest, river shores and

banks, hilltops, etc.

From MAC database: mine accidents and incidents, minefield records

From expert knowledge: confrontation zones, etc.

There are far more IMP than IMA.

5

Renaissance/RMA

SMART continuous danger maps

Trench

Agricultural areas not in

useAbandoned

lands

Cultivated fields

Power lineCleared area

Point where a river can be

crossed Confrontation line

Outside danger zones

Minefield record

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Renaissance/RMA

Evaluation by independent expert

panel 1/2

Composition of expert panel independent of SMART

Deputy Assistant for Operations Director of CROMAC

Head of regional office of CROMAC Head of CROMAC GIS-MIS department A CROMAC counsellor for survey Director of CROMAC Centre for Testing,

Development and Training (HCR Centre TDT) Two representative of demining companies

working in Croatia

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Renaissance/RMA

Evaluation by independent expert

panel 2/2

Conclusion of independent expert panel

Importance of contribution to area reduction recognised

SMART more useful for risk assessment Continuous danger maps more useful than

discrete danger maps Confidence maps appreciated Benefits brought by data fusion recognised Interest to apply SMART by CROMAC and HCR

Centre TDT

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Renaissance/RMA

Summary: evaluation on all three test

sites

Area: 3.9 km2

26% (0.97 km2) of the mine-free area has been proposed for reduction

0.1% (976 m2) of what has been proposed for reduction is actually mined

Suspect

Proposed for

reduction No decision

m2 SuspectProposed

for reduction

No decision

TotalProducer'

s accuracy

Mined 78,403.02 976.17 13,944.00 93,323.19 84.0

Not mined2,073,343.

49973,687.86 711,762.52

3,758,793.87

25.9

Total2,151,746

.51974,664.0

3725,706.5

23,852,117

.06

User's accuracy

3.6 99.9

Red: mined Green: mine-free

9

Renaissance/RMA

Conclusions

A method to help area reduction has been proposed and tested.

The danger maps (and the confidence maps) can be used to PROPOSE areas for reduction (early stage of area reduction)

The method has been evaluated by experts and by trials.

The integration is not completed.

There are far fewer IMA than IMP, therefore:

Detecting safe area is more difficult than detecting risky areas

Reliability of detected safe area may be low

Although useful for area reduction, SMART may be more useful for risk assesment

No (or little) cost-benefit analysis done yet