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VERITAS NetBackup 6.x Administration (Fundamentals I)

Lesson 11: Managing Media and Images

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Lesson Introduction

Fundamentals I Course Introduction Lesson 1: NetBackup Essentials Lesson 2: Installing and Configuring

NetBackup Lesson 3: Configuring Devices Lesson 4: Configuring Storage Units Lesson 5: Configuring Media Lesson 6: Configuring Policy Attributes Lesson 7: Scheduling Policies Lesson 8: Client Lists and Backup Selections Lesson 9: Managing and Monitoring Backups Lesson 10: Performing Restores Lesson 11: Managing Media and Images Lesson 12: Performing Catalog Backups and

RestoresFundamentals II

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Lesson Topics and ObjectivesTopic After completing this lesson, you will be able

to:

Topic 1: Understanding Media Describe how NetBackup selects which media to use.

Explain how NetBackup handles and reports media problems.

Override the media and volume status.

Topic 2: Verifying Backup Images Verify backup images using both the GUI and the command-line interface.

Topic 3: Duplicating Backup Images

Create multiple copies of backup images.

Topic 4: Expiring Backup Images Expire backup images.

Topic 5: Importing Backup Images

Promote a backup copy to be the primary copy. Import backups that have expired or that were

created on another system.

Topic 6: Troubleshooting Media-Related Issues

Troubleshoot media-related issues.

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Topic 1: Understanding Media

After completing this topic, you will be able to: Describe how NetBackup selects

which media to use. Explain how NetBackup handles

and reports media problems. Override the media and volume

status.

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Media States

Media State Reason for the State

Available The tape is currently unassigned.

Active Current, unexpired images

Full Capacity reached

Suspended Exceeded max mounts, exceeded expiration date, or media/hardware errors

Frozen Non-NetBackup data format, NetBackup catalog format, or more than three errors in 12 hours using the same tape

Imported Contains active imported images

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How NetBackup Selects Volumes

Search the EMM database for a volume

from that pool.

Volume found?

Start a backup to a specified pool.

Load the media and perform the backup.

Yes

No

Yes

No

Is a volume

in the scratch pool available?

Assign a scratch tape to the required

volume pool.

Backup fails, error 96

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Determining Media and Volume Status

Use the available_media script. Available media

Use the Media interface. Use NetBackup Management

Reports.

The NetBackup Administration Console

Use the bpadm command utility (UNIX only).

The text-menu interface

Use media commands: bpmedialist, bpimmedia, bperror, bpimagelist, nbemmcmd, and vmquery.

The command line

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The available_media Script (UNIX)

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Assigned and Unassigned Media (UNIX)

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Media Reports (UNIX)

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The Media Summary Report (UNIX)

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bpadm (UNIX Only)

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The available_media Script (Windows)

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Assigned and Unassigned Media (Windows)

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Media Reports (Windows)

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The Media Summary Report (Windows)

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Overriding Media State

Media State How to Override the State

Full bpexpdate –m media_id –d date

Suspended bpmedia –m media_id –unsuspend

Frozen bpmedia –m media_id –unfreeze Check the Allow media overwrite

parameter in the Media host properties. bplabel –m media_id ActionsLong/Quick Erase

Imported bpexpdate –m media_id –d date

Active bpexpdate –m media_id –d date

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Topic 2: Verifying Backup Images

After completing this topic, you will be able to verify backup images using both the GUI and the command-line interface.

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Backup Image ReviewAn image is a collection of all backup data from a client into a

single stream during a particular backup session written to tape, optical disk, or disk.

data stream

Client’sBackup

Data

GNU tar image

written to media

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The NetBackup Verification Process

Do you lie awake at night wondering if you can read your backups?

Backup header contents Compared to Metadata

recorded in the Image catalog

Read each block in the media image

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The Images on Media Report (UNIX)

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The bpimmedia -spangroups Command (UNIX)

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The Catalog Utility (UNIX)

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Verifying Backup Images Using the GUI (UNIX)

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Confirming the Verify Results (UNIX)

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The Images on Media Report (Windows)

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The bpimmedia -spangroups Command (Windows)

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The Catalog Utility (Windows)

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Verifying Backup Images Using the GUI (Windows)

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Confirming the Verify Results (Windows)

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Topic 3: Duplicating Backup Images

After completing this topic, you will be able to create multiple copies of backup images.

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What You Can Do with Duplication

Duplication is not possible:– While the backup is being

created

– When the backup has expired

– By using NetBackup to schedule duplications automatically (except by using Vault)

– For offline NetBackup catalogs

– Nonmultiplexed to multiplexed backups

It is possible to duplicate backups from:– One storage unit to another

– One media density to another

– One server to another

– Multiplex to nonmultiplex format

– Multiplex format; retain the multiplex format on the duplicate

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Setting Maximum Backup Copies Globally (UNIX) The number of copies is limited by the Maximum

backup copies global attribute.

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Duplicating Images Using the GUI (UNIX)

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Setting Duplication Variables (UNIX)

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Promoting a Copy to a Primary Copy (UNIX)

bpchangeprimary

bpduplicate –npc pcopy –backupid bid

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Setting Maximum Backup Copies Globally (Windows) The number of copies is limited by the

Maximum backup copies global attribute.

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Duplicating Images Using the GUI (Windows)

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Setting Duplication Variables (Windows)

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Promoting a Copy to a Primary Copy (Windows)

bpchangeprimary

bpduplicate –npc pcopy –backupid bid

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Topic 4: Expiring Backup Images

After completing this topic, you will be able to expire backup images.

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Volume Expiration vs. Image Retention

Media Manager function How long you want to use the media

Volume expiration

NetBackup function How long the image is available for

restoresImage retention

The image retention period is shorter than volume expiration (generally).

A volume is automatically recycled many times during its lifetime.

Volume expiration vs. image retention

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Volume Expiration (UNIX)

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Expiring a Backup Image (UNIX)

bpexpdate

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Volume Expiration (Windows)

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Expiring a Backup Image (Windows)

bpexpdate

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Topic 5: Importing Backup Images

After completing this topic, you will be able to: Promote a backup copy to be the

primary copy. Import backups that have expired

or that were created on another system.

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Importing Images

NBU can importbackups that: Have expired Were written by

another NBU server Were written by BE

7.0 through 9.1

What can be imported?

Two-phase process: Phase I: Generate a

list of images. Phase II: Import

selected images.

How to import images?

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Phase I: Initiating the Import (UNIX)

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Generating a List of Images (UNIX)

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Phase II: Searching for Imported Images (UNIX)

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Importing the Selected Image (UNIX)

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Confirming the Import Results (UNIX)

bpimport

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Phase I: Initiating the Import (Windows)

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Generating a List of Images (Windows)

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Phase II: Searching for Imported Images (Windows)

bpimport1

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Importing the Selected Image (Windows)

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Confirming the Import Results (Windows)

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Topic 6: Troubleshooting Media-Related Issues

After completing this topic, you will be able to troubleshoot media-related issues.

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Logical Media Problems

Use status codes, the Media Logs report, and the bptm log file.

Isolate media problems

Suspended, frozen, and full volumesCommon media problems

NBU code 84: Media write error MM code 94: Volume is not in the

specified pool NBU code 96: Unable to allocate

new media

Common media-related status codes

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Physical Media Problems

Unreadable bar code labels Stretched, jammed, or broken tapes Erasure from exposure to strong

electrical fields

Common physical problems

Data center fire Flood Other disaster

Destruction of media

Make a physical copy of every volume.

Preventing physical problems

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What Did You Learn?

You are about to be asked a series of questions related to the current lesson.

Read and try to answer each question.

Click “Answer” at the bottom of the slide to view the correct answer.

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When Media Manager receives a backup request, it searches its ______ for an available volume from that volume pool.

A. NOM database

B. EMM database

C. Volume pool database

D. Catalog database

Answer

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When Media Manager receives a backup request, it searches its ______ for an available volume from that volume pool.

A. NOM database

B. EMM database

C. Volume pool database

D. Catalog database

The correct answer is B.

Next >>

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A _______ media state is set when end of media (EOM) is encountered during a backup or archive.

A. Active

B. Expired

C. Full

D. Unavailable

Answer

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The correct answer is C.

Next >>

A _______ media state is set when end of media (EOM) is encountered during a backup or archive.

A. Active

B. Expired

C. Full

D. Unavailable

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If a volume is suspended, the reason is logged in the ______report.

A. Problems

B. Images on Media

C. Media Summary

D. Errors

Answer

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If a volume is suspended, the reason is logged in the ______report.

A. Problems

B. Images on Media

C. Media Summary

D. Errors

The correct answer is A.

Next >>

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Which media state indicates that no active backup images are currently associated with this tape?

A. Active

B. Available

C. Full

D. Suspended

Answer

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The correct answer is B.

Next >>

Which media state indicates that no active backup images are currently associated with this tape?

A. Active

B. Available

C. Full

D. Suspended

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Information about each image (metadata) is stored in the EMM database on the master server.

A. True

B. False

Answer

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Information about each image (metadata) is stored in the EMM database on the master server.

A. True

B. False

The correct answer is B.

Next >>

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NetBackup can duplicate backups _______________.

A. For offline NetBackup catalogs

B. While the backup is being created

C. From one storage unit to another

D. When the backup has expired

Answer

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The correct answer is C.

Next >>

NetBackup can duplicate backups _______________.

A. For offline NetBackup catalogs

B. While the backup is being created

C. From one storage unit to another

D. When the backup has expired

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Volume expiration and image expiration are the same.

A. True

B. False

Answer

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Volume expiration and image expiration are the same.

A. True

B. False

The correct answer is B.

Next >>

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Which report is used to find media errors or messages that are recorded in the NetBackup error catalog?

A. Images-on-Media

B. Media Written

C. Media Contents

D. All Log Entries

Answer

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The correct answer is D.

Next >>

Which report is used to find media errors or messages that are recorded in the NetBackup error catalog?

A. Images-on-Media

B. Media Written

C. Media Contents

D. All Log Entries

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Use the _______ command to expire a backup image.

A. bpexpdate

B. vmexpdate

C. vmexpire

D. bpexpire

Answer

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Use the _______ command to expire a backup image.

A. bpexpdate

B. vmexpdate

C. vmexpire

D. bpexpire

The correct answer is A.

Next >>

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Lesson Summary Key Points

– You now know how NetBackup works with media.– You also know how to monitor, manage, troubleshoot,

and control media within your backup environment. Reference Materials

– NetBackup 6.x System Administrator's Guide, Volume I and NetBackup 6.x System Administrator's Guide, Volume II

– NetBackup 6.x Media Manager System Administrator’s Guide

– NetBackup 6.x Commands– NetBackup 6.x Troubleshooting Guide– http://support.veritas.com

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End of Presentation