1.1 introduction to it (rahim edit)
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
1/53
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
2/53
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, students should be ableto:
(a) Define Information Technology (IT).(b) Describe the development of Information
Technology (IT).
(c) Identify the applications of Information
Technology (IT).
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
3/53
1.1 (a)Definition of Information
Technology (IT)
1. The information technology definition can be
described with the technologicalimprovement and innovation in the field ofinformation technology.
The field of Information technology is a
very wide field in which you use thetechnology together with the computers.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
4/53
Definition of Information
Technology2. Information technology or IT can be defined
briefly as the use of computer hardware and
software to store, retrieve, and manipulateinformation.
computerhardware and
software
manage
information
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
5/53
Definition of Information
Technology3. ITAA (Information Technology Association of
America) has defined informationtechnology as being the study, design,development, implementation, supportand/or management of any computer basedinformation system
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
6/53
More about IT
- When covering the aspects of informationtechnology as a whole, the use of computerand information are typically associated.
- Everything from data management,networking, the Internet, engineering,computer hardware, software design,
database design and management andadministration of system is included in theterm of information technology.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
7/53
- Information technology is also concerned withimprovement of human andorganizational problem-solving through thedesign, development and use of technologyto enhance the efficiency and effectivenessof using information.
More about IT
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
8/53
Carreers in IT ...
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
9/53
History ...
In the 1960s and1970s, informationtechnology waslimited to peopleworking in thebanking sector,mathematical
engineers andcomputer scientists.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
10/53
In 1980s, the arrival of personal computers
made it possible to be used in many moresectors and gave rise to a surge in the field ofinformation technology.
Computer has been used in the home and
workplace, the world move into theinformation age.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
11/53
By the early 21st century, nearly every
child in the world, knew how to use apersonal computer and people havestarted communicating, using e-mails.
It is an industry which deals with theusage of computer hardware , softwareand networking.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
12/53
Advantages ...
1. Speed and accuracy in informationprocessing. With the help of IT, more work can be done by
individuals, business, services and
government organizations. Function enhancement programs such as
word processor, database programs alsographic can get work done in less time with
increased accuracy and efficiency.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
13/53
2. Global social interaction. IT has made global social and culture
interaction very simple.
This is evident with the emergence and
success of social networking such asFacebook and Twitter.
More so, the use of information technologyhas eliminated language barriers with
technologies such as language traslators.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
14/53
3. Entertainment
The introduction and use of high techapplications and gadgets such as iTunes, iPodand iPhone has been revolutionary.
Downloading, buying, playing and organizing,
music, videos, movies and TV shows has beenmade super easy and accessible.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
15/53
4. Communication the advancement of
the Internet andtechnologies such asVoIP (Voice over IP),organizations,businesses andindividuals cancommunicate anytime from differentparts of the world
through video andvoice calls, webconferencing,seminars and virtualmeetings.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
16/53
5. Economic Advancement
A major step to global
economic advancementis the removal ofdistance and timebarriers brought aboutby the application of
information technologyto buying and selling ofgoods and services (e-commerce).
E-commerce gave room
for tiny, small and bigbusiness players toemerge. Interconnectionof businesses is madepainless.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
17/53
6. Education Education has gone far
beyond the use of bricksand mortal classroomsor traditional blackboard.
The world is now in the
era of e-learning, usingtechnologies such asVLEs (Virtual LearningEnvironments).
Students can haveaccess to all teaching
materials and resourcesonline; engage in virtualclassrooms real time orasynchronously.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
18/53
7. Health
The health care sector is positively impacted bythe use of electronic health records, virtualhealthcare team technologies, telemedicine, e-health grids and various specialist health care
information systems.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
19/53
1.1 Development of Information Technology
1.2 The Application of Information Technology
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
20/53
1.1 (b) Development of IT
Great technological advances have been made sincethe days when computers were huge pieces of
equipment that were stored in big, air conditioned
rooms, getting their information from punch cards.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
21/53
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
22/53
Rapid changes of Technology
Stand-alone
Mainframe
Client-server
Distributed
Cloud computing
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
23/53
Stand-Alone Computer
What is a stand-alone computer?
A desktop or laptop computer that is used on itsown without requiring a connection to a local area
network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN).
Although it may be connected to a network, it isstill a stand-alone computer as long as the network
connection is not mandatory for its general use.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
24/53
Stand-Alone Computer
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
25/53
Stand-Alone Operating System
What is a stand-alone operating system?
A complete operating system that works on adesktop computer, notebook, or mobile computing
device.
Some are known as client operating system thatcan operate with/without a network.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
26/53
Stand-Alone Operating System
Examples of currently used stand-alone operatingsystems are:
Windows 7
Mac OS X
UNIX
Linux
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
27/53
Mainframe
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful
computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected users simultaneously.
Stores tremendous amounts of data, instructions,
and information.
Mostly used by major corporations for business
activities.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
28/53
Mainframe
Example of mainframe systemIBM System z10 mainframe
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
29/53
Mainframe
Mainframes can also act as servers in a networkenvironment.
Servers and other mainframes can access data and
information from a mainframe.
People can also access programs on the mainframe
using terminals or personal computers.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
30/53
Mainframe
Advantages :
1.Lots of processes, memory and channels
Mainframes support symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)
with several dozen central processors (CPU chips) inone system.
They are highly scalable. CPUs can be added to a
system, and systems can be added in clusters.
Built with multiple ports into high-speed caches andmain memory, a mainframe can address thousands of
gigabytes of RAM. They connect to high-speed disk
subsystems that can hold petabytes of data.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
31/53
Mainframe
Advantages :
2. Enormous throughput A mainframe provides exceptional throughput by
offloading its input/output processing to a peripheral
channel, which is a computer itself.
Mainframes can support hundreds of channels, andadditional processors may act as I/O traffic cops thathandle exceptions (channel busy, channel failure, etc.).
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
32/53
Mainframe
Advantages :3. Super reliable Mainframe operating systems are generally rock solid
because a lot of circuitry is designed to detect andcorrect errors.
Every subsystem may be continuously monitored forpotential failure, in some cases even triggering a list ofparts to be replaced at the next scheduled maintenance.
As a result, mainframes are incredibly reliable withmean time between failure (MTBF) up to 20 years!
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
33/53
Client-Server Network
An architecture in which the user's PC (the client) is the
requesting machine and the server is the supplying
machine, both of which are connected via a local area
network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) such as
the Internet.
One or more computers act as a server, and the other
computers on the network request services from theserver.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
34/53
Client-Server Network
The Clients The Server (orhost computer)
Other computers andmobile devices on the
network that rely on theserver for its resources
Controls access to thehardware, software, and otherresources on the network and
provides a centralizedstorage area for programs,
data, and information.
E.g.: Access customerdatabase on the server
E.g.: Store a database ofcustomers.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
35/53
Client-Server Network
Example of client-server network
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
36/53
Client-Server Network
Advantages...
1. Computer can easily be added or replaced without
purchasing any additional hardware or software. It is because a client server is centralized, server can
easily move files and applications from an old computer to
a new one
2. Flexible to adapt and to change new technologies
because it has a centralized management.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
37/53
Client-Server Network
Advantages ....
3. Secure because servers ensure that everything that
goes in and out of the network passes through
stringent security measures.- Servers can allow certain users to access the
network from the internet or externally without
compromising the network from hackers and
unauthorized users.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
38/53
Distributed Computing
Refers to the means by which a single computer
program runs in more than one computer at the
same time. In particular, the different elements and
objects of a program are being run or processed
using different computer processors.
A type of computing in which
different components and objects comprising an
application can be located on different computers
connected to a network.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
39/53
Distributed Computing
For example, a word processing application might
consist of an editor component on one computer, a
spell-checker object on a second computer, and a
thesaurus on a third computer. In some distributedcomputing systems, each of the three computers
could even be running a different operating system
One of the requirements of distributed computing is a set
of standards that specify how objects communicate with
one another. There are currently two chief distributed
computing standards: CORBA and DCOM.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
40/53
Distributed Computing
Distinct characteristics of distributed computing:
In a distributed computing setup, the program runs
like it would in a single computer even when it is, in
fact, using different computer processors. This means that no single computer carries the entireburden on system resources that running a computer
program usually implies.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
41/53
Distributed Computing
Distinct characteristics of distributed computing:
However, distributed computing is not actually used
to lighten the load of an individual computers
processor. It is in fact done to be able to process orrun complex and resource-draining programs with
greater speed and efficiency. Distributed computing, in effect, can be deemed as an
attempt to produce a virtual supercomputer out of
hundreds or thousands of individual computers.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
42/53
Cloud Computing
An Internet service that provides computing needs
to computer users.
Using the Web server facilities
of a third party provider on the
Internet (the "cloud") to store,
deploy and run applications.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
43/53
Cloud Computing
For example, an employee working during the day
in Malaysia could use computing power in a Dubai
network system located in an office that is closed for
the evening.
When the company uses the computing resources,
they pay a fee based on the amount of computing
time and other resources that they consume, muchin the way that consumers pay electric company
based on how much electricity they used.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
44/53
Cloud Computing
Types of cloud computing service provider :
1.Software as a Service(SaaS)
is the service based on the concept of rentingsoftware from a service provider rather than buying
it yourself.
The software is hosted on centralized networkservers to make functionality available over the web
or intranet.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
45/53
Cloud Computing
Types of cloud provider (service provider):
1.Software as a Service(SaaS)
Also known as software on demand it is currentlythe most popular type of cloud computing because
of its high flexibility, great services, enhanced
scalability and less maintenance and very effective
in lowering the costs of business.
E.g.: Google Apps., Yahoo Mail
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
46/53
Cloud Computing
Types of cloud provider (service provider):
2. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
offers a development platform to clients fordifferent purposes.
based on a subscription model so users only pay for
what they use without worrying about the complexitybehind the scenes.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
47/53
Cloud Computing
Types of cloud provider (service provider):
2. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
There are 4 types of PaaS:
1.social application platforms. E.g.: Facebook
2.business application platform. E.g.: CRM solutions
3.raw compute platforms. E.g.: Amazon ElasticCompute Cloud
(Amazon EC2)
4.web application platforms. E.g.: Google APIs
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
48/53
Cloud Computing
Types of cloud provider (service provider):
3. Infrastucture as a Service(IaaS)
Provides rental services for hardware, operatingsystems, storage and network capacity over the
Internet.
Some services included in IaaS are managedhosting and development environments.
IaaS is based on Pay as you go model ensuring
that the users pay for only what they are using.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
49/53
Cloud Computing
Types of cloud provider (service provider):
3. Infrastucture as a Service(IaaS)
Some of the benefits of IaaS are dynamic scaling,usage based pricing, reduced costs and access tosuperior IT resources.
E.g.: Office 365
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
50/53
Cloud Computing
Cloud (Service) Provider
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
51/53
Cloud Computing
Advantages ...
Reduced cost - users pay only for what they are
using
Easy maintenance - users dont have to worry about
the complexity behind the scenes.
Easy reallocation of resources
Remote Accessibility - business is not restricted to a
particular location. You can access the services
from anywhere.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
52/53
Cloud Computing
Advantages ...
Easy Expansion you can quickly access more
resources if you need to expand your business
without the need to buy extra infrastructure.
Security - offer real-time backup which results in
less data loss. In case of outage, customers can
use the backup servers that sync with the mainones as soon as they are up, clouds are less prone
to hacks as people dont know the whereabouts of
your data.
-
8/4/2019 1.1 Introduction to IT (Rahim Edit)
53/53
Cloud Computing
Advantages ...
Environmentally Friendly - Usage of ready-made
resources tailored to your needs helps you reduce
the electricity expenses. While you save onelectricity, you also save on resources required to
cool off computers and other components. This
reduces the emissions dangerous to environment.