1.1 ap 1 lab language of anatomy

7/31/2019 1.1 AP 1 Lab Language of Anatomy

1/41


2/41

What is the

AnatomicalPosition

Subject stands erect Feet flat on floor Arms at sides Chin parallel to floor Palms, eyes & face

facing forward

facing the observer

This is standard

frame of reference foranatomicaldescriptions &dissections


3/41


4/41

Sagittal section


5/41

Frontal section


6/41

Transverse section


7/41

Parietal peritoneum

Liver

Stomach

Large intestine

Urinary bladder

Peritoneal cavity

Rectum

Small intestine

Greater omentum

Diaphragm

Pancreas

Duodenum

Serosae

Visceralperitoneum

Dorsalmesentery

Lesser

omentum

Cut/plane?


8/41

Anterior

Posterior

2nd lumbar vertebra

Fat

Kidney

Parietal peritoneum

Liver

Back muscles

Spinal cord

Aorta

Peritoneal cavity

Dorsal mesentery

Intestine

Renal veinand artery

Inferiorvena cava

Visceralperitoneum (serosa)

Omentum or otherventral mesentery

Cut/plane?


9/41

(a) (b)

Stomach

10th rib

Anterior

superiorspine

Rightupper

quadrant

Leftupper

quadrant

Rightlower

quadrant

Leftlower

quadrant

Quadrants


10/41

Subcostal line

Inguinal region (l/r )

10th rib

LiverGallbladder

Urethra

(c) (d)

HypochondriacRegion (l/r)

Hypogastricregion

Umbilicalregion

Epigastricregion

LumbarRegion (l/r)

Intertubercularline

Midclavicularline

LargeintestineSmallintestine

Urinarybladder

Regions of the Body


11/41

Cranial cavity

Thoracic cavity

Diaphragm

Abdominalcavity

Pelviccavity

(a) Left lateral view

Vertebral canal

Cavities of the Body

Dorsal

cavity

Ventralcavity

Abdominopelviccavity


12/41


13/41

Abdominopelvic cavity:

Mediastinum

Diaphragm

Pleural cavity

Pericardial cavity

Thoracic cavity:

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

(b) Anterior view


14/41


15/41

Lung

Diaphragm

(b) Pleurae

Parietal pleura

Pleural cavity

Visceral pleura


16/41A-

Directional terms: are used to describe therelationship of one body structure to another. Termscan be found in contrasting pairs such as:

Superior & inferior Anterior/ventral & posterior/dorsal

Medial & lateral Proximal & distal Ipsilateral & contralateral Superficial & deep Parietal & visceral Cephalic & caudal Intermediate


17/41A-

Directional terms:


18/41A-

Other helpful terms to be familiar with:

i). Medullary

ii). Corticaliii). Apicaliv). Basal

v). Lumenvi). Endo-vii). Epi-viii). Peri-ix). Hyperx). Hypo


19/41

A-

Anatomical terms to knowAnatomical Names Common Names

Cephalic Head

Otic Ear

Oral Mouth

Orbital Eye

Buccal Cheek

Mental Chin

Glabella Forehead

Cervical Neck

Nuchal/nape Back of neck

Acromial Shoulders

Axillary Armpit Brachial Arm

Olecranal Elbow

Antecubital Front of elbow

Antebrachial Forearm

Carpals Wrist

Anatomical Names Common Names

Manual Hand

Pollex Thumb

Palmar Palm

Phalanges/digits Fingers

Mammary Breast

Umbilical Navel

Inguinal Groin

Lumbar Lower back

Gluteal Buttocks

Patellar Knee

Popiteal Back of knee

Sural Calf / posterior legCrural Leg

Tarsal Ankle

Pedal Foot

Calcaneal Heel

Hallux Big-toe


20/41

Anatomical Terms

McGraw -Hill Companies/Joe DeGrandis, photographer

Upper limb:

Lower limb:

Acromial r.(shoulder)

Axill ary r. (armpit)

Brachial r. (arm)

Cubital r. (elbow)

Antebrachial r.(forearm)

Carpal r. (wrist)

Palmar r. (palm)

Coxal r. (hip)

Patel lar r. (knee)

Cephalic r. (head)

Facia l r. (face)

Cervical r. (neck)Thoracic r. (chest):

Lower limb:

Dorsum

Mons pubis

External genitalia:PenisScrotum

Sternal r.Pectoral r.

Umbilical r.

Abdominal r.

Inguinal r. (groin)

Pubic r.:

Femora l r. (thigh)

Crural r. (leg)

Tarsal r. (ankle)

Peda l r. (foot):

Plantar surface(sole)

Testes

(b) Anterior (ventral)(a) Anterior (ventral)


21/41

(c) Posterior (dorsal) (d) Posterior (dorsal)

Dorsum of hand

Cranial r.

Nuchal r.

(back of neck)

Interscapular r.

Scapular r.

Vertebral r.

Lumbar r.Sacral r.

Gluteal r.(buttock)

Perineal r.Femoral r.

Popliteal r.

Crural r.

Tarsal r.

Calcaneal r.(heel)

McGraw -Hill Companies/Joe DeGrandis, photographer

Anatomical Terms


22/41

Integumentary system

Principal organs:Skin, hair , nails,cutaneous glands

Principal functions:Protection, water retention,thermoregulation, vitaminD synthesis, cutaneous

sensation, nonverbalcommunication


23/41

Skeletal system

Principal organs:Bones, cartilages,ligaments

Principal functions:Support, movement,protective enclosure of

viscera, blood formation,electrolyte and acid basebalance


24/41Muscular system

Principal organs:Skeletal muscles

Principal functions:Movement, stability ,communication, controlof body openings, heat

production


25/41

Lymphatic system

Principal organs:Lymph nodes,lymphatic vessels,thymus, spleen, tonsils

Principal functions:Recovery of excess

tissue fluid, detection ofpathogens, productionof immune cells, defenseagainst disease


26/41

Respiratory system

Principal organs:Nose, pharynx, larynx,trachea, bronchi, lungs

Principal functions:Absorption of oxygen,discharge of carbondioxide, acid basebalance, speech


27/41

Urinary system

Principal organs:Kidneys, ureters, urinarybladder, urethra

Principal functions:Elimination of wastes;regulation of blood

volume and pressure;stimulation of red bloodcell formation; controlof fluid, electrolyte,and acid-base balance;detoxification


28/41


29/41

Endocrine system

Principal organs:Pituitary gland,pineal gland, thyroid gland,parathyroid glands, thymus,adrenal glands, pancreas,testes, ovaries

Principal functions:Hormone production;internal chemicalcommunication andcoordination


30/41

Circulatory system

Principal organs:Heart, blood vessels

Principal functions:Distribution of nutrients,oxygen, wastes,hormones, electrolytes,

heat, immune cells,and antibodies;fluid, electrolyte, andacid-base balance


31/41

Digestive system

Principal organs:Teeth, tongue, salivaryglands, esophagus,stomach, small and largeintestines, liver, gallbladder,pancreas

Principal functions:Nutrient breakdown and

absorption. Liver functionsinclude metabolism ofcarbohydrates, lipids,proteins, vitamins, andminerals; synthesis ofplasma proteins; disposalof drugs, toxins, andhormones; and cleansingof blood.


32/41

Male reproductive system

Principal organs:Testes, epididymides,spermatic ducts, seminalvesicles, prostate gland,bulbourethral glands,penis

Principal functions:

Production and deliveryof sperm; secretion ofsex hormones


33/41

Female reproductive system

Principal organs:Ovaries, uterine tubes,uterus, vagina, mammaryglands

Principal functions:Production of eggs; siteof fertilization and fetaldevelopment; fetalnourishment; birth;lactation; secretion ofsex hormones

Fig. A.12 Copyright The McGraw -Hill Companies Inc Permission required f or reproduc tion or display


34/41

Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required f or reproduc tion or display.

Platysma

Clavicle

Deltoid m.

Pectoralis major m.

Breast

Biceps brachii m.

Inguinal ligament

Sartorius m.

Femoral vein

Great saphenous vein

Rectus femoris m.

Umbilicus

Mons pubis

Gracilis m.

Adductor longus m.

Trapezius m.

Cephalic v.

External abdominaloblique m.

Tensor fasciae latae m.

Vastus late ralis m.

Sheath of rectusabdominis m.

Anter ior superiorspine of ilium

Fig. A.13 Copyrig ht The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. P ermission req uired for reproduction or display.


35/41

Copy g t e cG aw Co pa es, c. e sso eq u ed o ep oduct o o d sp ay.

Scrotum

Greater omentum

Liver

SternumClavicle

Omohyoid m.

Lung

Pleura

Pericardium

Diaphragm

Stomach

Gallbladder

Urinary bladder

Femoral n.Femoral a.Femoral v.

Penis

Commoncarotid a.

Sub-scapularis m.Coraco-brachialis m.

Largeintestine

Internal jugular v.External j ugular v.

Internal

intercostal mm.

Externalintercostal mm.

Costalcartilages

External abdominaloblique m.Internal abdominaloblique m.Transverse abdominal m.


36/41

Copyrig ht The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. P ermission req uired for reproduction or display.

Rectus femoris m.

Pectineus m.

Smal l intestine

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

Thyroid gland

Subclavian a.

Heart

Gracilis m.

Adductor longus m.

Adductor magnus m.

Peni s (cut)

Epididymis

Scrotum

Cecum

Appendix

Brachial nerve plexus

Lobes of lung

HumerusBrachial a.

Axillary a.

StomachSpleen

Aortic arch

Superior venacavaCoraco-brachialis m.

Tensor fasciae latae m.

Ductusdeferens

Largeintestine

Brachio-cephalic v.Subclavian v.

Axillary v.

Cephal ic v.Brachial v.

Testis


37/41

Adductor brevis m.

Kidney

Pancreas

Adrenal gland

Spleen

Thoracic aorta

Abdominal aorta

Esophagus

Pleural cavity

Bronchus

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cavaSplenic a.

Sartorius m. (cut)Urinary bladder

Duodenum

Ureter

Common iliac a.

Pectineus m.

Gracilis m.

Adductor longus m.

Uterine tube

Ovary

Uterus

Adductorlongus m. (cut)

Vastus intermedius m.

Rectusfemoris m. (cut)

Tensor fasciaelatae m. (cut)

Inferiormesenteric a.

Superiormesenteric a.

Lung

(sectioned)

Trachea

Superior mesenteric v .

Hepatic vv.

Vastus medialis m.Vastus lateralis m.

Copyrig ht The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. P ermission req uired for reproduction or display.


38/41

Adductor brevis m.

Adductor magnus m.Urethra

Vagina

Rectum

Sacrum

Brim of pelvis

Lumbar vertebra

Abdominal aorta

Esophagus

Diaphragm

Thoracic aorta

Iliac crest

Ilium

Left subclavian a.

Ribs

Psoas major m.

Right common carotid a.

Right subclavian a.

Brachiocephalic trunk

Intervertebral disc

Iliacus m.

Gluteus medius m.

Gracilis m.

Femur

Adductor longus m.

Externalintercostal m.

Internalintercostal m.

Quadratuslumborum m.

Left commoncarotid a .

Anterior superiorspine of ilium

Inside the Cadaver


39/41

Sigmoid colon

Descending colonCecum

Mesentery

Small intestine

Gallbladder

Diaphragm

Lung

Mesentericarteries and veins

Transverse colon

Inside the Cadaver


40/41


41/41

1.1 ap 1 lab language of anatomy

Documents