nd2 Show 11:15 AM

Show Program

Musicians

Welcome Introduction

Dancers

Dancers

“La Jota”

“La Tuna”“Viva España”

“123"“Alegria musical

pajaritos”“Clavelitos”

“Escola Bolera”

MusiciansA mi manera /

Volare

Dancers

Tablao Flamenco

“La Zarzuela”

Buana-BuanaKing Kong

“Solea”“Sevillanas”

“Tangos”“Bulerias”

Musicians

Public Interaction (10 min) At this time artists will call on Teachers and

students with tickets to come up to the stage and to follow Instructions.

Flamenco Rhythms and Macarena

Fall 2013

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Spain FolkloreLa Jota : The Spanish Jota came to be in the 1700s and is the National folk dance of Aragon, Spain. It is a quick Spanish dance in 3/8 time.

The "Jota of Aragón" is the oldest of the styles and corresponds with the ancient carols, which in Chaucer's time meant a dance as well as a song.

Funerals and wakes also afford opportunities for the dance, the Jota, for instance, it is often performed in watching the dead.

The Jota brought by the Spaniards from Southern Spain found its way into many places in the islands. One such jota is named after the valley it adapted.

Though Filipinized in many other ways that one, Jota Cagayana still displays the fire and fury of its European origin.

Until the turn of the century the Ibanag, of the Cagayan Valley, perform this fast tempo dance which includes familiar European steps, the mazurka, polka, gallop and waltz.

At the feast of La Virgen del Pilar, the Jota is in great favor with the crowd which assembles in Sargasso from outlying parts. The verses in the improvised couplets are not always in true meters, the performers not being very particular.

They make up for the loss of a syllable or two in one line by adding it to the next, or they clap their hands, twang the guitar string, or stamp their feet to cover the defect.

The Aragonese in their pride in the dance say that a pretty girl dancing the Jota sends an arrow into every heart by each one of her movements.

Sometimes the couples of the Jota indulge in a satirical vein.

jota

A University Tuna is a ever held outside Spain.musical group in Spain,

One important garment of the tuno is the cloak which is long P o r t u g a l , T h e

and loose, without sleeves, open in front and it is worn over Netherlands, Central

the clothes. Over the cloak are displayed seals and shields of Amer i ca o r Sou th

the cities and countries that the tuno collected from all over America, made up of

the world. Likewise multicolored ribbons and shreds are worn university students. It is

on the cloak in a sign of affection, expressing feelings or love. also known as a Tuna or

These can be presents from their sweethearts, mothers or Tunas if it is in plural. A

friends.Tuno is a member of a University Tuna, or may “Que cada cinta que adorna mi capa (Every ribbon that also be called a Sopista, decorates my cloak) Guarda un trocito de corazón. which is an ancient (saves a piece of heart.) ”appellation of the tuno.

— "Tuna Compostelana", D. Martinez Pinto & M. Menéndez History Vigo[8]

The origin of Tuna university music groups is underlined by This applies to Spanish tunas. Portuguese tunas have more the Goliards from the 10th to 13th century, and medieval standard trajes: black trousers, jacket, cape and shoes, white troubadours and minstrels. The name tuna comes from shirt and black tie. Exceptions are the traje from the French roi de Thunes,"king of Tunis", a title used by leaders of Universities of Algarve (blue instead of black and with a vagabonds. distinct hat, a nod to Henry the Navigator) and Minho (which

is more like the Spanish tunas' clothing described above).In medieval poetry, from the 11th century, the Latin school songs created a special genre which characterized them. The Musical instrumentsstudents known as "Goliards" appeared all over Western

As far as the music is concerned, there are two basic Europe composing and interpreting songs, of which the instruments. One is the guitar which comes with the tuno and subject matter did not fit in with the scale of values of the his melody. The melody is created by voices and singing. society of that time. The songs were typically devoted to wine Musical instruments like lute and bandurria are also used. and profane love, by defending the intellectual pre-eminence (Portuguese tunas usually play instruments like mandolin against the knights, using liturgical elements in an opposite instead of bandurria and lute). The other important sense to how they were normally employed.instrument which characterized the student music was the

From its origins to the present day, from and through of the tambourine.Tunas have continued the cultivation of popular instruments

Besides these basic instruments, the use of others such as the bandurria, lute, guitar and tambourine, instruments gives the tuno's music a very special richness. instruments which are named in the Spanish book Libro del These elements were blended thanks to the different cultures Buen Amor by Juan Ruiz (c. 1283 - c. 1350).and people where tunos perform. Among the distinguished

For these occupations, they took their guitars and bandurrias instruments are the timple canario and charango. It uses, and sang popular songs. The tunos or sopistas also showed moreover, the Puerto Rican cuatro, accordion and double bass abilities for music, and in courting ladies that they had been to increase the variety of sonority.wooing to. The sopistas were poor students that with their

We are sure that most of you understand what being a part of music, friendly personality and craftiness scoured the cheap a big family of such kind is, and so the next time that you eating-houses, convents, streets and squares for a dish of come around Spain, or see these young men playing their soup (in Spanish, sopa) from which they derived their name guitars, bandurrias, and tambourines, that you remember sopista, and for a few coins which help to finance their that they are fun loving studies.people which carry in

In 1964, in Eindhoven, a number of students at the Eindhoven their sashes over 700 University of Technology came up with a new hazing prank: years of history, and they had some incoming freshmen learn some Spanish songs that they keep on doing and serenade a society lady in Eindhoven (possibly the lady in it for fun. So join them question was mrs. Tromp, wife of the then-director of Philips). in their songs, share The serenading group was a hit and in 1964 the students with them a few founded Tuna Ciudad de Luz (Tuna of the City of Light, in minutes of your life and reference to the importance of Philips Lighting to Eindhoven). let their enthusiasm Starting in 1965 Tuna Ciudad de Luz was invited to Madrid energize you with the regularly for certamina by several Spanish tunas; in order to ful love for life, color return the favor, Ciudad de Luz started inviting the Spanish and overall passion! tunas to Eindhoven in 1986 their 1986 certamen was the first Viva la tuna!

La Tuna

Zarzuela

In 1657 at the Royal Palace of El Pardo, King Philip IV of Spain, Queen Mariana and their court attended the first performance of a new comedy by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, with music by Juan de Hidalgo.

El Laurel de Apolo traditionally symbolizes the birth of a new musical genre which had become known as La Zarzuela - after one of the King's hunting lodges, situated in a remote countryside thick with zarzas or brambles.

A native Spanish brand of opera, usually short, comic and with spoken dialogue, dating from before the arrival of Italian opera, popular in the mid-17th century and revived in the mid-19th century.

It is also known as Spanish operetta.Spanish operetta is a spanish popular musical presentation that blends dialogue and music in skits and dramas ranging from one to three acts that deal satirically with aspects of daily life.

The derivation of the name is intriguing: early zarzuelas were performed in the Palacio de la Zarzuela in Madrid, so named because it was surrounded by a field of brambles ("zarza" being Spanish for bramble.)

La boda de Luis Alonso are such ensemble works, such essential sainetes, that it's unfair not to name the rest whether or not in secondary roles.

Argentina

Sevillanas is believed to be an old Castilian folk dance (Seguidilla) and did not originate from Seville as its name suggests.

It is a very popular dance for couples of all ages. You will see it danced frequently by girls in their colorful dresses at the time of the town's feria. Sevillanas is a type of folk music, sung and written in Seville (Andalusia).

Historically, they are a derivative of Castilian folk music, spiced with a bit of Arabic rhythm. Technically, they are an evolution from Castilian seguidillas, they have a relatively limited musical pattern, but rich lyrics, based on country side life, virgins, towns, neighborhoods, pilgrimage and, of course, love themes.Sevillanas is a type of folk music, sung and written in Seville (Andalusia). Historically, they are a derivative of Castilian folk music, spiced with a bit of Arabic rhythm. Technically, they are a evolution from Castilian seguidillas, they have a relatively limited musical pattern, but rich lyrics, based on country side life, virgins, towns, neighborhoods, pilgrimage and, of course, love themes. They are sung by a plethora of local groups, like Los Romeros de la Puebla, Los de Gines, Las corraleras de Utrera, Cantores de Hispalis, Los del Rio... Every year, dozens of new sevillana discs are published.

Sevillanas can be heard in southern Spain, mainly, in fairs and festivals including the famous Seville Fair, La Feria de Sevilla. There is an associated dance for the music: "Baile por sevillanas", consisting in four different parts. One can find schools teaching "baile por sevillanas" in nearly every town in Spain. Generally speaking, sevillanas are very light and happy music.

Sevillanas are not a part of flamenco, though it may be confused with it.

Rumba Flamenca in the 1990s: the French group Gypsy Kings of Spanish descent became a popular New Flamenco group by playing Rumba Flamenca (or rumba gitana, Catalan rumba) music.

SevillanasSevillanas is not Flamenco

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Flamenco is a song, music and d a n c e s t y l e which is strongly influenced by the Gitanos (Gipsy), but which has its deeper roots in Moorish musical traditions.

F l a m e n c o c u l t u r e o r i g i n a t e d i n A n d a l u c i a (Spain), but has s ince become

one of the icons of Spanish music and even Spanish culture in general according to Blas Infante in his story "Orígenes de lo flamenco y secreto del cante jondo”. Etymologically, the word Flamenco comes from the Arabic word “Fellahmengu,” "Peasant without Land".

This is related to the huge amount of Ethnic Andalusians who decided to stay and mix with the newcomer Gypsies, abandoning their lands because of their religious beliefs (Moriscos).

After the Castilian conquest of Andalusia, the Reconquista, most of the land was expropriated and given to warlords and mercenaries who had helped the Castilian kings enterprise against Al-Andalus.

When the Castilians later ordered the expulsion or forceful conversion of the

Andalusian Moriscos, they took refuge among the G y p s i e s , b e c o m i n g fellahmengu in order to avoid death, persecution, or forced deportation.

Posing as Gypsies they managed to return to their c u l t u r a l p r a c t i c e s a n d ceremonies including the singing. Originally, flamenco consisted of unaccompanied singing (cante). Later the songs were accompanied by flamenco guitar (toque), rhythmic hand clapping (palmas), rhythmic foot stamping and dance (baile).

The toque and baile are also often found without the cante, although the song remains at the heart of the flamenco tradition. More recently other instruments like the cajón (a w o o d e n b o x u s e d a s a percussion instrument) and castanets (castañuelas) have been introduced.

“Flamenco Modern", or New Flamenco, is a recent variant of Flamenco which has been influenced by modern musical genres, like rumba, salsa, pop, rock and jazz.

FlamencoFirst part

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Bulería: Palo flamenco fast rhythm, habitually used as a vehicle by happy and festive singers. From “burlería,” mockery, fun or from bullería, racket, shouting, din; a high-spirited song and dance from the gypsy quarter of the city of Jerez de la Frontera. It has a fast and lively rhythm - indeed, the fastest in all flamenco - and provides enormous scope for improvisation on the part of dancers, singers and guitarists alike. It is wild, frenzied and lively, but nevertheless contains the germ of sorrow that is almost always present in flamenco.

The Alegrias is one of the oldest of Spanish Gypsy dances and is often called the "Queen" of Flamenco dances. It is the purest and more refined of the repertoire. It suggests the movements of the bullfight.

Rumba Flamenca : is a combination of rumba style from southern Spain.

The word Rumba is a generic term, covering a variety of names (i.e., Son, Danzon, Guagira, Guaracha, Naningo), for a type of Cuban and West Indian music and dance. The exact meaning varies from island to island. There are two sources of the dances: one is Spanish and the other African. Although the main

growth was in Cuba, there were similar dance developments which took place in other Caribbean islands and in Latin America generally. The "rumba influence" came in the 16th century with the black slaves imported from Africa. The native Rumba folk dance is essentially a sex pantomime

danced extremely fast with exaggerated hip movements and with a sensually aggressive attitude on the part of the man and a defensive attitude on the part of the woman. The music is played with a staccato beat in keeping with the vigorous expressive movements of the dancers. Accompanying instruments include the maracas, the claves, the marimbola, and the drums.

Instruments in flamenco: The three main instruments are (in order of importance) singing, dance and guitar. Everything started with only singing and dancing (with some hand clapping,

known as "palmas"), the guitar came later. The extensive use of footwork common today is a development of this century. The most complete form of flamenco is where these three basic components are used. There are however a number of songs that are done without dancing, and even a few dances that (at least traditionally) are done without singing. Also, any form that can incorporate dance can also be done without dance. Finally there are some songs that are done without any accompaniment.

Bulerias, Alegrias, Soleares, Rumba

Soleares: Soleares means 'solitude'; cante jondo, (a profound song covering both the dark and serious aspect of flamenco), the mother of flamenco songs. It is a solemn dance that is very appropriate for bailaoras because its main elements are movements of a feminine nature. "Soleares", or "soleá" is one of the most basic forms of Flamenco music, probably originating around Cádiz in Andalusia, the most Southern region of Spain. Normally played in the key of El Phrygian, the tones are reminiscent of old Moorish melodies.

FlamencoSecond part

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Flamenco solo guitar

Flamenco solo guitar is a special case: it can in itself not be considered representative of flamenco as a whole, but it is a manifestation of the continual development of flamenco guitar.

Flamenco guitarists have a need to demonstrate their ability and creativity. The result is instrumental flamenco, which is very nice, and since dance doesn't come across very well on an audio-only recording, it is one of the two most common ways flamenco reaches the public (the other being singing and guitar).

In flamenco solo guitar, singing and dancing can be used as an extra, but always in service of the guitar (in normal circumstances the guitar serves the singing and the dancing).

Solo flamenco guitar can be very useful when learning flamenco (for listening as well as playing), just don't forget that it's actually the singing and dancing that it's all about (even when you don't understand what they are singing about)

Instruments in modern flamenco

In modern flamenco there are more instruments that are used: fairly common are bass guitar and "caja" or "cajon", basically a box with a loose front panel, that is played while sitting on it. A variety of percussive sounds can be produced with this instrument.

In addition, sax, flute and other percussion instruments can be used. Occasionally you can hear strings (a complete orchestra sometimes) or even something exotic like a sitar (Middle East string instrument). Extremes in this respect are metal-string- and electric guitar, synthesizer and drums.

Solo Guitar, Instruments in modern flamenco

FlamencoThird part

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Macarena Dance

This Study guides are designed to teach students who will attend the HFB's shows.The Study guides information source has been provided by: