11-1 © prentice hall, 2007 topic 11: designing the human interface object-oriented systems analysis...
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11-1© Prentice Hall, 2007
Topic 11:Topic 11:Designing the Human Designing the Human
InterfaceInterface
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design
Joey F. George, Dinesh Batra,
Joseph S. Valacich, Jeffrey A. Hoffer
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Chapter ObjectivesChapter Objectives
After studying this chapter you should be able to:– Explain form and report design.– Apply general guidelines for formatting forms
and reports.– Explain effective text, table, and list formatting.– Explain common Web layout design errors
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Chapter Objectives Chapter Objectives (Continued)(Continued)
After studying this chapter you should be able to:– Explain interface and dialogue design.– Apply general guidelines for designing
interfaces and dialogues.– Explain common errors in developing Web
interfaces.– Design human-computer dialogues, including
the use of dialogue diagrams.
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What Is a Form?What Is a Form?
A business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in
Typically based on a database record or query
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What Is a Report?What Is a Report?
A business document that contains only predefined data
A passive document meant only for reading or viewing, not data input
Typically contains data from many unrelated transactions or records
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Fundamental Questions when Fundamental Questions when Designing Forms and ReportsDesigning Forms and Reports
1. Who will use the form or report?2. What is the purpose of the form or report?3. When is the form or report needed and
used?4. Where does the form or report need to be
delivered and used?5. How many people need to use or view the
form or report?
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Types of ReportsTypes of Reports Scheduled Reports
– Predefined interval presentation of routine information Key-Indicator Reports
– Summarize critical information on a recurring basis Exception Reports
– Highlight data outside normal operating range Drill Down Reports
– Provide details of summaries from key-indicator or exception reports
Ad Hoc Reports– Unplanned information requsts for nonroutine decisions
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A coding sheet is an “old” tool for designing forms and reports, usually associated with text-based forms and reports for mainframe applications.
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Visual Basic and other development tools provide computer-aided GUI form and report generation.
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A typical form design specification:
Based on a use case connectionInvolves three parts:
1) Narrative overview2) Sample design3) Assessment
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Guidelines for Displaying TextGuidelines for Displaying Text Case – mixed upper/lower case, using conventional
punctuation
Spacing – double-space if possible, otherwise insert blank lines between paragraphs
Justification – left-justfiy with ragged right margins
Hyphenation – no hyphenation of words between lines
Abbreviations/Acronyms – only when commonly understood and significantly shorter than actual words
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Grouping, organization, layout, and highlighting are important considerations in form design
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Highlighting can include use of upper case, font size differences, bold, italics, underline, boxing, and other approaches.
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Methods of HighlightingMethods of Highlighting
Blinking and audible tones
Color differences
Intensity differences
Size differences
Font differences
Reverse video
Boxing
Underlining
All capital letters
Offsetting and position of nonstandard information
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Printed ReportsPrinted ReportsBusiness reports are static, no user interaction.
Therefore, business reports are often printed in hardcopy form.
Considerations:
Laser or Inkjet printers – good for graphics, but too expensive for large batches
Impact printers – fast, reliable, inexpensive, but not good at displaying graphical content
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Bar and line graphs give pictorial summary information that can enhance reports and graphs.
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Designing Web LayoutsDesigning Web Layouts For e-commerce applications, web form is the contact
point between customer and companygood design is very important
But, rapid proliferation of web sites without corresponding increase in UI experts
Possible solutions:– Make Web design easy enough for non-UI experts– Train more people in Web design– Tolerate poorly-designed Web layouts
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Interface/Dialogue DesignInterface/Dialogue Design
– Layout (of widgets, text, and table data)– Structuring data entry (tab order)– Controlling data input (validation and
format controls)– Feedback (prompting, status, warning,
and error messages)– Dialogue sequencing
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Common Areas in FormsCommon Areas in Forms
Header informationSequence and time-related informationInstruction or formatting informationBody or data detailsTotals or data summaryAuthorization or signaturesComents
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A typical interface/dialogue design specification:
Similar to form design, but includes multiple forms and dialogue sequence specifications
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Data entry structure is concerned with navigation flow.
Navigation flow should be natural and intuitive to the user, not disjointed and confusing.
Left-to-right, top-to-bottom is best.
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Feedback MessagesFeedback Messages
Status information – keep user informed of what’s going on, helpful when user has to wait for response
Prompting cues – tell user when input is needed, and how to provide the input
Warning or Error – informs user that something is wrong, either with data entry or system operation
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What Is a Dialogue?What Is a Dialogue?
A sequence of interactions between the system and a user
Dialogue design involves:– Designing a dialogue sequence– Building a prototype– Assessing usability
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Guidelines for Dialogue DesignGuidelines for Dialogue Design– Consistency– Allow sequence, shortcuts, and reversals
in navigation– Frequent feedback– Logical grouping and sequencing of
diagrams, with beginning, middle, and end
– Comprehensive error handling– Maximize ease and control of use
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Dialogue diagrams depict the sequence, conditional branching, and repetition of dialogues.
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RecapRecap
After studying this chapter we learned to:– Design forms, reports, interfaces, and
dialogues.– List and apply accepted guidelines during
interface design.– Properly format text, tables, and lists.– Design dialogues using dialogue diagrams.
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Recap (cont.)Recap (cont.)
After studying this chapter we learned to:– Explain interface and dialogue design.– Apply general guidelines for designing
interfaces and dialogues.– Explain common errors in developing Web
interfaces.– Design human-computer dialogues, including
the use of dialogue diagrams.