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1.The background process MMON checks for tablespace space problemsevery 10 minutes; alerts are triggered both when a threshold is exceeded andonce again when the space usage for a tablespace falls back below thethreshold. For example, assume that the default thresholds of 8 percent and!" percent are in e#ect. $ithin a %ve&minute period, the '()*( tablespacereaches 8+ percent full, and - generates an alert. Fifteen minutes later,

the '()*( tablespace passes the !" percent mark and %nally reaches !!percent full, and - signals a second alert, this time a critical alert. /ouallocate a new data%le to the '()*( tablespace to bring the overall spaceusage to ! percent. he next time - checks for space problems in the'()*( tablespace, the space usage has fallen back below the !" percentthreshold, and a third alert is sent to denote that the critical alert has beencleared.

2. Two new background processes support ASM instances:RBAL andORBn.

*234 coordinates the disk activity for disk groups, and

-*2n, where n can be from 0 to !, performs the actual extentmovement between disks in the disk groups.

3. For databases that use ASM disks, two new background processesaso e!ist:OSMB and RBAL.

-(2 performs the communication between the database and the3( instance, and

*234 performs the open and close of the disks in the disk group onbehalf of the database.

". A new background process, #T$% hange Tracking $riter' , is asore(uired when using )ast incre*enta backups.

Fast incremental backups optimi5e an *3 incremental backup by6uickly identifying those data blocks that have changed since the previousbackup. Fast incremental backups re6uire the use of a change-tracking fleto track the physical location of all database changes. 7uring anincremental backup, *3 uses the change tracking %le to 6uickly identifyonly the blocks that have changed, avoiding the time&consuming task ofreading the entire data%le to determine which blocks have changed.

7isk space is another consideration when using fast incremental backupshe si5e of thechange&tracking %le is proportional to the si5e of the database and thenumber of nodes in a*39 environment.

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking;

Database altered.

2ecause we used -F, the block change&tracking %le was automaticallynamed and placed in the directory speci%ed by the 72:9*)3):F4):7)(initiali5ation parameter.

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SQL> show parameter db_create_file_dest

NAM !"# $AL%&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&db_create_file_dest string '()*'oradata

SQL> + ls &l '()*'oradata',-D'changetrackingtotal /*0&rw&r&&&&& oracle oinstall 1))/0* 2(l 3 )4)3 _mf_)gl5c6gb_.chg

f you are not using -F, then you will have to add the '(< F4) clauseto the 34)*73323() command when enabling block change tracking, as in thisexample

SQL> alter database2 enable block change tracking using file3 '/u04/oradata/ord/changetracking/chg01.dbf';

atabase altered.

AL!- DA!A7AS D8SA7L 7L,9: 9AN

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t captures statistics periodically in the background.

t uses di#erent memory advisors.

t performs what&if analysis to determine optimal distribution ofmemory.

t moves memory to where it is needed.

$hen (@F4) is used, component si5es are used from the lastshutdown.

he default value for (

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Cause:

$oot cause of t!is error t!at t!ere is no free space aailable in swap area of System for spawning new

process of Oracle. ue to t!is reason Process SPwaner process PSP0 (with ORA-00490 error

code of Oracle) terminatedbecause it doesnt able to manage or create Oracle processes. $esult is

Oracle instance cras!ed by P,O+ process wit! errorstack &'0 (w!ic! is pointing out O$A%00&'0). f

lack of system resource found t!en also same situation can be occurring.

Solution:

3irst and main solution is c!eck your swap space and increase swap area in system. -ecause due to

lack of space in swap are Oracle unable to create new process and PSP0 Process SPwaner is unable to

manage Oracle process. Second solution is c!eck 4ulimit4 setting for Oracle. 4ulimit4 is for user s!ell

limitation. f ma5imum s!ell limit is reac!ed t!en also PSP0 process becomes unstable to manage

ot!er Oracle processes.ncrease t!e ulimitsetting for Oracle user.

he 3A:74):) parameter de%nes the maximum amount of time in seconds asession can be inactive or idle. $hen the session exceeds the limit, the @-process will terminate the session and clean up its state. he3A:74):24-9C)*:) parameter de%nes the maximum amount of time in

seconds a session can be idle and block the ac6uisition of resources for anotheruser.

Flash Recovery Area Occupants3ll the %les needed to recover a database from a media failure or a logical error arecontained in the ?ash recovery area. he %les that can reside in the ?ash recoveryarea are as follows

Control les3 copy of the control %le is created in the ?ash recovery area when the database iscreated. his copy of the control %le can be used as one of the mirrored copies of

the control %le to ensure that at least one copy of the control %le is available after amedia failure.

Arch!ved log les$hen the ?ash recovery area is con%gured, the initiali5ation parameter4-

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Flashback logsf Flashback 7atabase is enabled, then its ?ashback logs are stored in the ?ashrecovery area.

Control le and SPF"#$ autobackups

he ?ash recovery area holds control %le and (@F4) autobackups generated by *3, if *3 iscon%gured for control %le autobackup. $hen *3 backs up data%le 1, the control %le isautomatically included in the *3 backup.

%ata le cop!esFor *3 239C'@ 3( 9-@/ image %les, the default destination is the ?ash recovery area.

RMA& backup sets2y default, *3 uses the ?ash recovery area for both backup sets and image copies. naddition, *3 puts restored archive log %les from tape into the ?ash recovery area inpreparation for a recovery operation.

&e' Parameters:he following are the new initiali5ation parameters in -racle 10g*1

() asm*d!skgroups:(peci%es a list of names of disk groups to be mounted by an 3utomatic(torage anagement instance at instance startup or when an 34)*7(C

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(peci%es whether 774 statements wait and complete instead of timing out ifthe statement is not able to ac6uire all the re6uired locks.

(0) le!o*net'ork*adapters(peci%es a list of network adapters that can be used to access the disk

storage.

(() gcs*server*processes(peci%es the initial number of server processes in the transmit redo data to remotestandby database destinations.

() pls4l*code*type(peci%es the compilation mode =)*@*))7 or 3E)> for @4I(J4 library

units.

(1) pls4l*debug(peci%es whether @4I(J4 library units will be compiled for debugging.

(3) pls4l*opt!m!2e*level(peci%es the optimi5ation level that will be used to compile @4I(J4 libraryunits. he higher the setting of this parameter, the more e#ort the compilermakes to optimi5e @4I(J4 library units.

(5) pls4l*'arn!ngs)nables or disables the reporting of warning messages by the @4I(J4compiler and speci%es which warning messages to show as errors.

+0) resumable*t!meout)nables or disables resumable statements and speci%es resumable timeouts

at the system level.

+() sga*target(peci%es the total si5e for all (

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++) sk!p*unusable*!nde7es)nables or disables the use and reporting of tables with unusable indexes or

index partitions.

+,) smtp*out*server(peci%es the (@ host and port to which '4:34 delivers outbound e&

mail.

+-) s4ltune*category(peci%es the category name for use by sessions to 6ualify the lookup of (J4pro%les during (J4 compilation.

+.) streams*pool*s!2e(peci%es in bytes the si5e of stream pool, from which memory is allocated for

streams.

Obsolete Parameters:he following initiali5ation parameters are available in -racle !i *elease but are

obsolete in-racle 10g

() dbl!nk*encrypt*log!n(peci%es whether attempts to connect to other -racle databases throughdatabase links should use encrypted passwords.

+) hash*8o!n*enabled(peci%es whether the optimi5er should consider using a hash Koin as a Koin

method.

,) log*parallel!sm(peci%es the level of concurrency for redo allocation within -racle.

-) ma7*rollback*segments(peci%es the maximum number of rollback segments that can be kept online.n -racle 10g, always uses the default value.

.) mts*c!rcu!tsn -racle 10g, use 9*9'( instead.

) mts*d!spatchersn -racle 10g, use 7(@39D)*( instead.

1) mts*l!stener*addressn -racle 10g, use 4-934:4())* instead.

3) mts*ma7*d!spatchersn -racle 10g, use 3A:7(@39D)*( instead.

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5) mts*ma7*serversn -racle 10g, use 3A:(D3*)7:()*E)*( instead.

(0) mts*mult!ple*l!stenersn -racle 10g, use 4-934:4())* instead.

(() mts*serversn -racle 10g, use (D3*)7:()*E)*( instead.

(+) mts*serv!cen -racle 10g, use ()*E9):3)( instead.

(,) mts*sess!onsn -racle 10g, use (D3*)7:()*E)*:()((-( instead.

(-) opt!m!2er*ma7*permutat!ons*estricts the number of permutations the optimi5er will consider in 6ueries

with Koins.

n -racle 10g, this parameter is hidden.

(.) oracle*trace*collect!on*name(peci%es the -racle race collection name for the instance.

() oracle*trace*collect!on*path(peci%es the directory where the trace collection de%nition =.cdf> and datacollection =.dat> %les are located.

(1) oracle*trace*collect!on*s!2e(peci%es in bytes the maximum si5e of the -racle race collection %le =.dat>.

(3) oracle*trace*enable)nables or disables the -racle race collection.

(5) oracle*trace*6ac!l!ty*name(peci%es the event set that -racle race collects.

+0) oracle*trace*6ac!l!ty*path(peci%es the directory where the -racle race facility de%nition=.cdf> %les arelocated.

+() part!t!on*v!e'*enabled(peci%es whether the optimi5er uses partition views.

++) pls4l*nat!ve*c*comp!ler(peci%es a full directory name of a 9 compiler that is used to compile thegenerated 9 %le into an obKect %le.

+,) pls4l*nat!ve*l!nker(peci%es the full directory of a linker such as ld in 'nix.

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+-) pls4l*nat!ve*make*le*name(peci%es the full directory name of a make %le.

+.) pls4l*nat!ve*make*ut!l!ty(peci%es the full directory name of a make utility such as make in 'nix.

+) ro'*lock!ng(peci%es whether row locks are ac6uired during '@73) operations.

+1) transact!on*aud!t!ng7etermines whether to record user information, operating systeminformation, and client information in the redo logs. n -racle 10g, thebehavior is similar to a *') value.

+3) undo*suppress*errors)nables users to suppress errors while executing manual undo managementmode operations. n -racle 10g, the behavior is similar to a *') value.

%eprecated Parameters:/ou can 6uery the deprecated parameters in -racle 10g from the EL@3*3))*view. he following6uery provides the name and description of deprecated parameters

SQL> S!L!"# $%%!&na(e) *ara(eter+na(e, descri*tion2 -& *ara(eter3 !&! isde*recated '#&$!'SQL> /%5&5!#!&+65! !S"&7%#768888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888L"9+65!+S%5"! lock na(e s*ace used for generating lock na(es

for standb:/clone database

$--!&+%L+9!!% 6u(ber of database blocks/latches in kee* buffer*ool

$--!&+%L+&!"

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%5&5LL!L+5$#5#7"+#$676= enable intelligent defaults for *aralleleAecution *ara(eters

&S+S#5 start = roker (onitor 6 *rocess)

12 roCs selected.SQL>