10atie_wimax 4g or never
TRANSCRIPT
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April. 2005
WiMAX: 4G or Never ?
BeyondSpot Technology
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Highlight
What is WiMAX? (or Mobile WiMAX more precisely) WiMAX is a marketing term, a certification body, or an industry ad-hoc
forum to complete IEEE 802.16 standard (marketing, regulatory,interoperability, test, certification, and high level protocol)
IEEE 802.16 also known as BWA or WirelessMAN
WiFi IEEE 802.11 (WirelessLAN) = WiMAX IEEE 802.16
Why chose such topic? mobility extension started in late 2002
WiMAX is recognized as one of the newcompetitions to CDMA based 3G
Other competitions are proprietary
technologies, WiFi, Mesh, or IEEE 802.20
Can WiMAX be 4G or Never? OFDM/OFDMA based broadband mobile is
recognized as 4G (beyond 3G)
This presentation shares our story
CDMA? OFDM?
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Drivers from Two Worlds
Broadband Access is a merging process Legacy Cellular, led by 3GPP and 3GPP2, extends bandwidth to support
broadband data services, especially in IP format.
Fixed Wireless, led by IEEE, enhances techniques to support mobility.
3GPP (UMTS/WCDMA) and 3GPP2(CDMA2000) started from ITU IMT-2000.
Internet
Data
1998 2010
Cellular
200 MillionUsers
300 MillionSubscriber
1 BillionUsers
BroadbandMobile
Access
1 BillionSubscriber
MarketSize
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Migration of WiMAX
Data Rate
Mobility
Fixed WiMAXIEEE 802.16d2005
Mobile WiMAXIEEE 802.16e2007?
SOCAvailable
StandardMaturing
Portable WiMAX
Nomadic WiMAXIEEE 802.16d/e2006?
StandardMaturing
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802.16e Compatibility with 16d
Convergence Sub Layer
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
Security/Privacy
Key, AES, EAPHandoff
BandwidthManagement
ConnectionManagement
Power Mgnt
Sleep/Idle
IPPacket
ClassifierEthernet ATMHeader
Suppression
ARQ
PDUGeneration
PDUReassembly
Net Entry
PHY Burst
Scheduling
SC10-66GHz
SCa2-11GHz
OFDM2-11GHz 256FFT
OFDMA2-11GHz 2048FFT
OFDMA 2-11GHz (PAR
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Players in WiMAX Forum
WiMAX SOC/System Pairs (examples) Intel Proxim, Alvarion, ZTE, Alcatel,
Fujitsu WiLAN, Aperto
Wavesat ATMEL
LG Nortel and more
WiMAX Forum has >200 members
Marketing, technical, interoperability andspectrum
And a lot more..
IEEE802.16 2004 and TGeAir Interface standard
Alliance
Portable/MobileFixed/Nomadic
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.nomad-village.it/Image_articoli/logo_Wimax.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nomad-village.it/testo_completo.asp%3FIDARTICOLO%3D497&h=71&w=100&sz=3&tbnid=f4UpZPHO0XUJ:&tbnh=54&tbnw=76&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%2Blogo%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26safe%3Doffhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.net4nowt.com/uploaded_images/main_images/wifi.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.net4nowt.com/isp_news/news_article.asp%3FNews_ID%3D1316&h=180&w=300&sz=7&tbnid=jbrf7mBnb3YJ:&tbnh=66&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwifi%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26safe%3Doffhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.ieee802.org/3/interims/ieee802.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ieee802.org/3/interims/vancouver_03.html&h=359&w=346&sz=9&tbnid=YSUqc5xZkhEJ:&tbnh=116&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dieee802%2Blogo%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26safe%3Doff -
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A Million Dollar Question
Can WiMAX (16e) be the broadband candidate after 3G? WiMAX brings higher throughput and longer range, it is a growing threat to
the deployment of 3G and the promised ROI in every 3G business model
or just an idea that sounds great but never comes true? WiMAX inherits issues of 3G and has even more challenges in spectrum, the
following presentation provides a balanced view
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Advantages in Multipath
OFDMA carries advantages in Multipath CDMA uses the whole spectrum, wasting system resource to combat
frequency selective fading.
CDMA also creates worse interference problem
OFDMA only select subcarriers with less channel degradation, preventwasting system resource (power or throughput ) => achieving higher system
capacity.
Signal Sent
Signal Received
Multipath
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Spectral Efficiency Wins
2.5G TDMA: Verylimited data rate andlow spectral efficiency(1.0-1.5 bps/Hz)
500kHz 5MHz
3G WCDMA: Reasonabledata rate, range, andmobility, improvedspectral efficiency(1.5-2.5 bps/Hz)
WiFi: OFDM 64FFT,Reasonable data rate,limited range andmobility, improvedspectral efficiency(2-3 bps/Hz)
WiMAX:OFDMA, Up to2048FFT muchimproved range andmobility, potential forbest spectralefficiency (3-4 bps/Hz)
15 MHz 20 MHz
Spectrum efficiency is an important factor for data service The scarce of available (or useful) spectrum makes efficiency a key
factor to approve spectrum and the success of business model.
Regulatory bodies shall recycle spectrum for existing systems with lowspectral efficiency.
Future systems with high spectrum re-use advantages or higher
spectral efficiency shall have favored allocation during application.
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Global Harmonization
WiMAX has global harmonization WiMAX forum pushes harmonization between IEEE and ETSI; there is only
one WiMAX standard (ETSI has not fully adopted Mobile WiMAX yet)
WiMAX share one MAC for all, fixed, portable, and mobile
3G breaks into WCDMA (3GPP), CDMA2000 (3GPP2), and more
Among WCDMA, venders has their own proprietary modes. China has TDS-CDMA, US has UWC-136, and Japan has DoCoMo 3G
CDMA2000WCDMA
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Local Optimization is Better
802.11 covers indoor users
802.16d covers fixed outdoor
802.16e covers moving vehiclesWiMAX
WiFi
Future terminal can handover among multiple standards Thanks to high integration of silicon, dual-/tri- mode terminals are practical.
Each standard is optimized for a specific environment, saving resource.
Avoid sacrificing power to support indoor users.
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VoIP Changes Telecomm
VoIP changes everything ! The growing popularity of VoIP triggers the demand for IP based access
and changes the landscape of telecomm
3G products are compatible with traditional circuit based PSTN andPSMN, while 4G may only need to support VoIP with gateway andgatekeeper separately purchased
IP BasedVoice Network
Circuit BasedVoice Network(PSTN)
VoIP ToPSTN
Gateway
POTS Phones Cellular Phones
Circuit BasedCellular Network(PSMN)
VoIP toPSMNGateway
PC to Phones
POTSPhones
VoIPTerminal
VoIPFixed
Phones
CircuitbasedConnections
VoIPMobile
Phones
IP BasedVoice Network
Circuit BasedVoice Network(PSTN)
VoIP ToPSTN
Gateway
POTS Phones Cellular Phones
Circuit BasedCellular Network(PSMN)
VoIP toPSMNGateway
PC to Phones
POTSPhones
VoIPTerminal
VoIPFixed
Phones
CircuitbasedConnections
VoIPMobile
Phones
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Regulatory Difficulty
VoIP over WiMAX has no obligation to secure QoS From architecture point of View VoIP challenges Traditional Telecom
Regulatory Model. Is it an application or a telecomm service?
When voice is no longer consider as telecommunication service, it is notbounded for availability, emergency service (911), or voice quality of service
It is a pure low cost application, not a telecom service
VoIP Can NotAddress: 99.999% availability
The high quality ofvoice support as 3G
The same level ofrobustness ascircuit
The same level ofQoS as circuit Transport
Voice Voice
Voice
Transport
Transport
TCP/IP TCP/IP
ApplicationApplication
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Power and RF Constraint
Battery Life Challenge WiMAX standard was targeted to long range (high power), fixed (non-
battery based), or portability (recharged daily), not mobility.
Higher data rate demands higher power transmission; batterytechnology show difficulty to catch up with the such demand.
Power consumption of WiMAX device could be a major problem.
802.16s Effort inPower/RF
Power-Saving modeand Scalable OFDMAare added to 802.16e
But higher FFT hasmore severe PAPR(peak to averagepower ratio)
Challenge the RFdesign for WiMAX
Guard Interval IFFT Symbol Duration Time
OFDM Symbol PowerPeak Power
Average Power
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Hi Layer Protocol Integration
High Layer mobility is a challenge IEEE 802.16 by its mandate (PAR) only defines protocol stacks in the
PHY and MAC layer, 802.16e defines mobility support for MAC and PHYonly
Lack of network layer mobility completion
WiMAX Forum is supposed to cover network mobility, but
WiMAX forum has weak experience in end-to-end protocol stackdevelopment WiMAX is a pure industry ad-hoc group, like WiFi, which may not be the
appropriate place to deal with Network Mobility standards Integration with legacy network requires support from the carriers
3G MAC/PHYWiMAX/3G Dual MAC/PHYWiMAX MAC/PHY
3G Based NetworkWiMAX Based Network
APPLICATION
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Market & Time Competition
Marketing Hype
Disappointment
Rebuild Business Model
Steady Growth
Market takes time! Markets takes time to mature;
most new services will follow theletter N curve as below
Fixed WiMAX technology is farfrom mass adoption, mobile
WiMAX would take even longer
WiMAX has risks too! Mobile WiMAX market is squeezed by
both 3G, Flash OFDM, and WiFi.
802.11e, 11r, and 11n are enhancingQoS, handover, and throughput.
HSDPA (of 3G) shorten the gap with
WiMAX in throughput. Flash OFDM (by Flarion) has
demonstrated end-to-end solution.
WiMAX Marketing Guy
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Global Spectrum Availability
Lack of Spectrum most licensed spectrum for broadband are either for fix services or for 3G;
hard to use license-exempt band to provide QoS guarantee mobile services
WiMAX Forum is working on regulatory drawbacks, but progress is slow
2.4 - 2.485 GHz (WLAN, Indoor Only) 3.5GHz (WLL) License bands
5.4 - 5.725 GHz (RLAN, Europe) 2.5-2.6GHz MDS, MMDS License bands )
5.725 - 5.825 GHz (U-NII) or5.725-5.850 GHz (ISM)
5.25 - 5.35 GHz (U-NII,
Outdoor/Indoor)
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Back to Square One
Recent Trend in IEEE Standard Body More members notice the challenge of WiMAX for 4G, and recognize the
value to demonstrate success of WiMAX first in Fix services, shown below.
Progress in maintenance group is slow
Worst case, WiMAX is back to square one (day one) as a pure fix standard!
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BeyondSpot White Papers
BeyondSpot Offers White Papers for Selected Customers Fixed wireless based WiMAX and QoS
Please find me to exchange business cards
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Conclusions
Most information on WiMAXcomes from press releases or thecampaign of WiMAX forum, notbalanced.
It is equally important to seethrough the marketing smoke andunderstand the real challenges.
We provide view points from bothends;
Almost equal weight in YES andNO to become 4G by (Mobile)WiMAX.
Service providers should notmake investment decisionwithout knowing the risks;
But can not afford not to knowabout WiMAX.
WiMAX is a worthwatching topic !
Opportunity ofWiMAX for 4G