10/8/2010 ancient china. 10/8/2010 the dynastic cycle ● belief in the divine right to rule or...
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Ancient China
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The Dynastic Cycle
●Belief in the Divine
Right to Rule or
Mandate of
HeavenoGods determine who
the rulers should be
●When things go
bad…a new dynasty
will begin
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Chinese Writing
● Based on Characters = written symbols
●Bad…oThousands of
characters making it difficult to learn
●Good…oDespite different
dialects, characters represent same thing – created unity
(2:15)
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Early Chinese Religion
●Oracle BonesoPriest wrote
questions on bones
oHeated over fire – to
ask gods /ancestors
oInterpreted the
cracks to determine
answer
(2:13)
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Early Chinese Religion
●Ancestor WorshipoAncestors thought to
bring good fortune
oAltars made for
offerings
●Patriarchal SocietyoFather rules all
oRuler mimics ‘father’
of society
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Chinese Geography
Population found
mostly in the East due
to deserts/mountains
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Middle Kingdom
●Because of
Isolation, the
Chinese considered
themselves to be the
‘Center of the World’
or the ‘Middle
Kingdom’
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Legendary (?) 1st Dynasty
●Xia (2000-1700 BCE)
oLegend because we
lack archaeological
evidence
oStory – Leader Yu
created a dam to hold
back the flooding
waters of the Huang
He (Yellow River)
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Shang Dynasty
●Began in the valley
of the Huang Heoaka River of Sorrows
oaka Yellow River
●LoessoRich deposits (silt)
making the area
perfect for agriculture
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Shang Dynasty
●1700-1027 BCE
●First to…oUse oracle bones
oCreate Chinese
calligraphy
oBuild City Walls Protection from northern
invaders
oLeave Written Records
oNew Fabric??? Silk
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Shang Dynasty
●End?oOverthrown by the
Zhou Dynasty
because of problems
which existed in
China
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(2:19)
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Zhou (joh) Dynasty
●1027-256 BCE
●Use Mandate of
Heaven to justify
overthrow of Shang
● Improvements:o1.Built Roads & Canals
o2.Coined Money
o3.Used Iron for
weapons & tools10/8/2010
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Zhou Dynasty
4. Feudalism●Political System
●King gives Nobles land
in exchange for their
loyalty
●Nobles allow peasants
to work the land in
exchange for protection
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(European Model)
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Zhou Dynasty
●End?oNobles fought
oWeakened politically
oLeaves open for… Invasion from the
north
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Qin Dynasty
●221-201 BCE
●Shi Huang Dio“1st Emperor”
●Crushed opposition;
Defeated invaders
●Unified Empire:oStandard Coin
oStandard Weights &
Measurements
oRoad Network10/8/2010
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Qin Dynasty
●The Great WalloConnected walls to
strengthen defenses
oHigher Taxes; forced
labor made Shi
Huang Di unpopular
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The Qin Dynasty
●The Terra-Cotta
WarriorsoCreated to protect
Shi Huang Di in the
afterlife
oEach soldier was
unique & life sized
oIncludes Cavalry,
Infantry, Horses &
Wagons10/8/2010
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The Qin Dynasty●The End?
o In order to keep power,
Shi Huang Di: Jailed/Killed critics
Burned books which
opposed ideas
Made nobles live in
capital
oAutocracy – Govt. that
has unlimited power;
uses it in arbitrary
(random) manner
oLost the Mandate of
Heaven10/8/2010
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Essential Knowledge
77. What was the impact of China’s
geography on its civilization?
78. What fabric did the Chinese introduce
to the world?
79. What do the Chinese call the
emperor’s divine right to rule?
80. Who was the 1st emperor of China?
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The Han Dynasty●206 BCE – 220 CE
●Civil War erupted after Shi
Huang Di
●General Liu Bang
defeated his former ruler
to become the 1st emperor
of the Han Dynasty
●Liu Bang:
oRestores central govt.
oReduces taxes
oEnds harsh
punishment10/8/2010
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The Han Dynasty
●Emperor WudioIncreased Chinese
territory through War Nearly created the
boundaries of China
found today
oEstablished Imperial
Bureaucracy Where have we seen
this before?
oEstablished Civil
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Civil Service
●Government Jobs
●Applicants chosen
from those who take
an exam
●Exams based on the
writings of Confucius
●Why is this better than
giving the job to a
noble’s son?
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Han Technology
●Paper
●Collar
Harness
●2-bladed plow
●Wheelbarrow
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The Silk Roads
●Increased
population needed
increased income
●Chinese began to
export their most
important product –
Silk
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(6:50)
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The Han Dynasty
●The End?oEconomic Imbalances
oPolitical Intrigues
oSocial Unrest
oStill Experienced the
longest period of Peace
& Prosperity = Pax
SinicaoThese same problems
will bring about the end
of the Roman Empire10/8/2010
(2:15)
The Sui (swee) Dynasty●589-618
●Short-livedo2 emperors
●Accomplishment?oThe Grand Canal
Connected the
Huang He to the
Yangtze River
●End?oRevolt because
people were
overworked &
overtaxed.10/8/2010
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The Tang Dynasty
●618-907 CE
●Tang TaizongoExpanded empire
oLower taxes
oGave land to peasants
●Wu ZhaooOnly major female
emperor
oExpands to Korea
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The Tang Dynasty●Accomplishments
oRevived Civil Service
oCreated Gunpowder
oMechanical Clock
oPorcelain
oMore trade along Silk
Road
●End?o Increase in taxes led to
civil unrest
oDifficult to rule large
empire10/8/2010
The Song (sung) Dynasty
●960-1070 BCE
●Never recapture
lost Tang
territories
●Broken into 2
periods: North &
SouthoRetreated from
enemies in the
north10/8/2010
The Song Dynasty
●AccomplishmentsoPaper money
oMovable Type
oMagnetic Compass
●End?oAttacked/overthrown
by Mongols
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Essential Knowledge
Questions81. What system of educated workers did
the Han develop?
82. What new material did the Had
develop for writing?
83. What is the term for Chinese Peace?
84. List 4 inventions of the Tang/Song
dynasties.
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The Chinese Philosophies
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Confucianism
●KongzioAka Confucius
oBorn 551 BCE during
decline of Zhou
dynasty
oScholar & govt.
Minister
oConcerned w/ Chaos in
society
oWork collected in
books – the Analects10/8/2010
Confucianism
●Social order based
on 5 relationships:oRuler/Subject
oFather/Son
oHusband/Wife
oOlder brother/Younger
brother
oFriend/Friend
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Confucianism●Reciprocity = each
person in relationship
must accept
responsibility
●Filial Piety =
Respect for
parents/elders
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“What you do not want done to
yourself, do not do to others”
Confucianism
●Impact on
GovernmentoBecame its
foundation
oEducation is the key
to creating gentlemen
oIdeas led to Civil
Service Exams based on
Analects
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ConfucianismConfucius Quotes
●“Everything has beauty, not everyone sees
it.”
●“The will to win, the desire to succeed, the
urge to reach your full potential…these are
the keys to unlock the door to personal
excellence.”
●“Real knowledge is to know the extent of
one’s ignorance.”10/8/2010
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Daoism●Laozi – “The Old Master”
●Natural Order is most
important
●Universal Force = The Dao
(the Way)
●Dao de Jing (the way of
virtue) expresses Laozi’s
beliefs
●Encouraged Scientific belief [Astronomy, Medicine, Alchemy]
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Legalism●Became prominent
during the Qin dynasty
●Legalists believed…oThe “nature of man is
evil”
oThe ruler alone should
possess power
●Legalists advocated the
passing of strict laws &
harsh punishments
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Yin and Yang
●Represents Balance:
the two opposing forces
in nature
●Found in both
Confucianism & Daoism
●Yin = female, dark, cool
●Yang = male, light,
warm
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