105 weapons fundamentals

105WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS

Weapons FundamentalsReferences:NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1FM 23-27-MK-19, 40mm Grenade Machine Gun, Mod.3NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual

Weapons FundamentalsFM 23-99, MortarsNAVEDTRA 12443, Gunners MateFM 23-0, M16A1 and M16A2 Rifle MarksmanshipTM-5855-214-10, Night Vision Sight, Crew Served WeaponsTM-11-5855-213-23&P, Night Vision Sight, Individual Weapon

Weapons FundamentalsTM-SW215-AK-MNO-010, Night Vision Sight, Individual GogglesNAVSEA OP 4067, Operators Manual for AN/VPS-11, Pocket Scope Night Vision Device

OverviewM60 Machine Gun

40mm Machine Gun

.50 Caliber M2 Machine Gun

60mm Mortar

Overview40mm M203 Grenade Launcher

12-Gauge Shotgun

M16 Rifle

Hand Grenades

OverviewM8A1 Claymore Mine

84mm AT4

Range Cards

Early Warning Devices

OverviewNMCB Weapons Systems

Various rates of Fire

Various class of Fire

Night Vision Equipment

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.1 Describe the 7.62mm M60 machine gun.

Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M60 Machine Gun

M60 Machine GunAir-cooledBelt-fedGas-operatedAutomatic weaponFixed headspaceFires from open bolt PositionCrew served

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.2 Describe loading/unloading procedures for the M60 Machine Gun


M60 Machine GunLoading

Point weapon down range

Place safety in the F (fire) position

Use cocking handle to pull the bolt to the rear

When the sear holds bolt rearward, return cocking handle forward and place the safety in the S (safe) position

M60 Machine GunLoading

Raise the cover and ensure the feed tray, receiver and chamber are clear

Place the first round in the feed tray groove and close the cover, making sure the round stays in the groove

Move safety to F

The weapon is now ready to fire

M60 Machine GunUn-Loading

Point weapon down range

Move safety to F (fire) position

Pull charging handle rearward to lock the bolt to the rear, then return the charging handle forward

Place the safety in the S (safe) position

(cont)

M60 Machine GunUn-Loading

Raise the cover and remove the belt and rounds from the tray.Ensure that chamber and face of bolt are clearLower feed tray and close coverCAUTION- DO NOT ALLOW BOLT TO SLAM FORWARD ON EMPTY CHAMBER

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.3 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the M60 Machine Gun.

LengthWeightMaximum RangeMaximum Effective Range

Weapons FundamentalsSafetiesAmmunitionRates of FireTypes of FireTypes of mounting pods


M60 Machine GunLength: 42.4 Inches

Weight18.5 lbs

Maximum Range: 3725 meters

Maximum Effective Range: 1100 meters

M60 Machine GunSafeties

Safety lever on left side of trigger housing

The bolt cannot be pulled rearward or released to go forward while on safe.

M60 Machine GunAmmunition Types7.62 Ball 7.62 Tracer7.62 Armor piercing7.62 Blank7.62 Dummy

M60 Machine GunRates of Fire

Sustained - 100 rnds/minuteRapid - 200 rnds/minuteCyclic - 550-600 rnds/minute

M60 Machine GunTypes of FireGrazing Fire - Not less than 1m above and no higher than 68 inches above the ground. Can exist for 700m over level or evenly sloping ground.

Plunging Fire that strikes the ground from above at a considerable level. Beaten zone is considered the danger space.

M60 Machine GunTypes of FireOverheadFire delivered over the heads of troops. Usually plunging fire.

M60 Machine GunMounting PodsIntegral BipodPart of the barrel groupProvides effective firing platform

M122 Tripod Stable and durable mountProvides for greater accuracyIncludes a traversing and elevating mechanism and the pintle and platform group

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.4 Name the three types of emplacements that might be employed in a defensive position.

Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2

M60 EmplacementsEmployed as a squad (sqdldr & 2-4 person gun tms)Support the rifleman in offense & defenseProvide heavy volumes of controlled, accurate and continuous fireEngage predetermined targets in all visibility conditionsProvide long range, close defensive and final protective firesBasis for FPFs in the defensive fire plan

M60 EmplacementsCover likely avenues of approachProvide grazing fireAssigned to each gunNormally does not exceed 800 mils right to left (45 degrees)Adjacent Machine gun squad sectors should overlap.

M60 EmplacementsInitial Fire Command - The units leaders means of controlling the fires of his unit. A way of telling you what weapon, where, at what, how far, when to commence firing.

Remembered by the acronym ADDRAC

Employment--ADDRACALERT - The first element, alerts you that a command is coming.

DIRECTION - Directs your attention in a direction or to the target. Can be skipped if the target is singular and obvious.

DESCRIPTION - A description of the target or targets in short accurate words. Can combine a reference point in this element as well.

Employment--ADDRACRANGE - The estimated range of the target to be engaged.

ASSIGNMENT/METHOD - Only used if the need to assign different sectors of fire exists or to indicate a method of engagement.

CONTROL/COMMAND - Used to tell you when to start placing fire on the target.

EmploymentFinal Protective Fire (FPF) - Defensive fire designed to break up the enemys assault under any condition of visibility. A prearranged barrier of fire laid down just in front of the defense. Also planned to destroy or limit enemy penetrations into the defense. Fired on verbal command or predetermined signal.

EmploymentFinal Protective Lines (FPL) -

Predetermined line of fire to obtain the maximum grazing fire from the weapon.

Used in terrain that has short ridges, draws and irregular slopes.

EmploymentCharacterized by:Flanking Fire: Provides effective frontal coverage

Interlocking: Reduces number of gaps & provides mutual support

Grazing: Bullet does not rise above avg ht of person. Flat or even slope 700m max.

EmploymentPrinciple Direction of Fire (PDF) -

Used when terrain does not allow for effective FPL.

Used to cover dangerous avenues of approach.

May fall within the sector of fire or compromise either boundary.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.5 Name the members of a gun team and state what they are responsible for carrying into a combat situation.


M60 Gun Team

Team Leader

Gunner

Ammo 1

Ammo 2

M60 Gun TeamTeam Leader - Usually A PO2, responsible for effective employment of the gun.

Responsible for changing the barrels during firing.

Carries spare barrel kit, M122 tripod, one bandoleer of ammo and armed with a 9mm pistol.

M60 Gun Team

Gunner - Usually a PO3. Actually fires and maintains the gun.

Carries the gun, one bandoleer of ammo and armed with a 9mm pistol.

M60 Gun TeamAmmo 1 - Usually a CN, acts as the supply person for the team. Carries one box of ammo, spare barrel case with T&E. Armed with an M16.

Ammo 2 - Usually a CA. Carries two boxes of ammo. Armed with an M16.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.6 Describe how tracer rounds are used.


M60 Tracer RoundsObservation of fire,

Incendiary effects,

Signaling,

Training.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.7 Describe the 40mm Machine Gun


40 mm Machine Gun

40 mm Machine GunAir-cooledBelt-fedBlow back operatedAutomatic weaponFires from open bolt positionCrew served

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.8 Describe loading/unloading procedures for the 40mm Machine Gun

Reference: FM 23-27-MK-19, 40mm Grenade machine Gun, Mod. 3

40mm Machine GunLoading

Keep the weapon down range

Make sure the bolt is forward. If not take the weapon off safe and ease the charging handles forward.

Open the cover

Insert the first round through the feed throat


Insert the first round through the feed throat

Place the first round into the feeder. Female link first.

Push the round across the first pawl

Move the slide assembly to the left


Close the cover

Unlock and grasp the charging handles and charge weapon

40mm Machine GunUn-Loading

Place weapon on safe

Open cover

Remove remaining rounds and inspect chamber

Once clear, close cover

40mm Machine GunUn-Loading

Place weapon on fire and use charging handles to ride bolt forward or press trigger sending the bolt forward.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.9 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the 40mm Machine Gun.

LengthWeightMaximum RangeArming Range


Weapons FundamentalsMuzzle velocityRates of FireSafetyAmmunition Types

Reference: FM 23-27-MK-19, 40mm Grenade machine Gun, Mod. 3 and NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2.

40mm Machine GunLength: 43.1 inches

Weight: 75.6 lbs

Range - maximum effective 1500mmaximum 2212m

40mm Machine GunArming Range

M383 HE Round18 to 36 meters

M918 TP Round18 to 30 meters

40mm Machine GunMuzzle Velocity: 790 fps

Rate of Fire: 325 to 375 rds/min

Safety: Thumb switch with Safe and Fire positions

40mm Machine GunAmmunition

M383 HE - High explosive, designed to inflict personnel casualties. Arming distance of 18 to 36m. 15m casualty radius

M430 HEDP -High explosive, dual purpose

40mm Machine GunAmmunitionM385E4/M385A1 - Training Practice with propellant. Max range 2200m

M918 TP - Target round with a flash signature. Max range 2200m

M922 Dummy - Inert

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.10 Describe the operation of the .50 caliber M2 Machine Gun


M2 Machine Gun

M2 Machine Gun

The .50-caliber machine gun is a belt-fed, crew-served, recoil-operated, air-cooled weapon.

It can be set for automatic and semiautomatic fire.

The weapon does not have any safeties.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.11 Describe loading/unloading procedures for the M2 Machine Gun


M2 Machine Gun Loading

Automatic mode

Make sure gun is clearClose the boltClose feed coverLock down the bolt latch releaseInsert the ammo


Cock the gun (the gun is now half-cocked)Re-cock the gun (now it is fully-cocked)


Single shot mode

Make sure gun is clearClose the boltClose feed coverRotate bolt latch release lock in the up position to the right


Insert the ammo

Cock the gun (the gun is now half-cocked)

Re-cock the gun (now it is fully-cocked)

To fire another round you must push the bolt release allowing the bolt to go home

M2 Machine Gun Un-Loading

Place the gun in single shot mode

Pull slide handle to the rear and lock bolt rearward

Open the feed cover

M2 Machine Gun Un-Loading

Clear all remaining links or rounds

Inspect chamber insuring it is clear

Press the bolt latch release and ride the bolt forward

Close the feed cover and pull the bolt to the rear

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.12 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the M2 Machine Gun

LengthWeightMaximum RangeMaximum Effective Range Range


Weapons FundamentalsMuzzle velocityDirection of FeedRates of FireTypes of Fire


M2 Machine Gun

Length: 65 inches

Weight: Total Weight 128 lbsBarrel - 24 lbsReceiver group - 60 lbsM3 Tripod - 44 lbs

M2 Machine GunMaximum Range: 6800 (M2 Ball)


Muzzle Velocity: 3050 fps (2080 mph)

Direction of Feed: Load so double end loop on ammo belt clicks into the feedway

M2 Machine GunRates of Fire

Sustained - 40 rnds or less/minuteRapid - 40 rnds or more/minuteCyclic - 450-550 rnds/minute

M2 Machine GunTypes of FireAutomatic: Short burst are recommended over sustained firings.

Semiautomatic: Single Shot Fire

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.13 Describe setting headspace and timing on the .50 caliber machine gun


M2 Machine GunHeadspaceHeadspace - Distance between the bolt face and the base of a seated cartridge (rnd).Correct when:Recoiling groups are fully forwardNo independent rearward movement between the bolt, barrel and barrel extension

M2 Machine GunHeadspaceMust be checked and set before gun is fired,

When barrel is replaced and

When correct setting is in doubt

M2 Machine GunHeadspaceHeadspace Gauge

Tool used to check and set headspace

Has GO-NO GO reading

M2 Machine GunHeadspace AdjustmentInsert the GO side of the gauge between the bolt and rear of the barrel (T-slot)The gauge should enter freely up to the center ringRemove the gauge and place the NO-GO side in the T-slotIf the NO-GO side does not enter, the headspace is set correctly

M2 Machine GunHeadspace AdjustmentHeadspace Too TightThe GO side of the gauge cannot enter freelyPull back on the charging handleWhile holding it back, unscrew the barrel one notch (click)Ease the bolt forward Recheck the headspace with the gauge

M2 Machine GunHeadspace AdjustmentHeadspace Too Loose

If it is too loose the NO-GO side of the gauge will enter freely

To adjust it follow the same procedures as if it were to tight, but tighten the barrel

M2 Machine GunTimingTiming - Ensures that firing takes place when the recoiling parts are between .020 and .116 inch out of the battery (fully forward).

M2 Machine GunTimingCorrect when:recoiling parts are locked togetherFiring takes place just before the recoiling parts are in the batteryThe gun fires on the FIRE gauge And WILL NOT on the NO-FIRE gauge

M2 Machine GunTiming AdjustmentTiming Adjustment

Checked with the FIRE (.020 in) and NO-FIRE (.116 in) gauges

Must be checked and/or set each time headspace is adjusted and whenever timing is questionable

M2 Machine GunTiming AdjustmentTiming Adjustment Steps

Check headspace firstEnsure gun is cocked and bolt forwardRaise the extractorRetract the bolt far enough to insert the FIRE gauge

M2 Machine GunTiming AdjustmentTiming Adjustment Steps Continued

Place it between the extension and the trunnion blockAllow the barrel extension to close on the gaugeDepress the trigger, the firing pin should release

M2 Machine GunTiming AdjustmentRetract the bolt far enough to remove the FIRE gauge, cocking the gun and allow the bolt to go forward

Retract the bolt far enough to insert the NO-FIRE gauge, place it in the same position

Depress the trigger, the firing pin should not release

M2 Machine GunTiming AdjustmentTiming Late

The firing pin will not release when the FIRE gauge in in place. If this happens perform the following:

Remove FIRE gauge

M2 Machine GunTiming AdjustmentRemove backplate assembly

Locate and turn the trigger bar adjusting nut one notch to the right

Reinstall the backplate assembly

Reinsert the FIRE gauge and test again

M2 Machine GunTiming AdjustmentTiming Early

The firing pin will release when the NO-FIRE gauge in in place. If this happens perform the following:

Perform the same steps as if it were late except turn the trigger bar adjusting nut on notch to the left

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.14 Describe the tactical purposes of the 60mm mortar


60mm Mortar

60mm MortarTactical Purpose of Weapon

Enables fires over hills, forests, walls or other defenses

Can reach far beyond flat trajectory weapons

60mm MortarCrew is protected from enemy fire and observation

Can be used as an offensive or defensive weapon

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.14 State two methods of firing the 60mm mortar


60mm MortarMethods of FiringConventional Mode The M7 baseplate, the sight unit, and the bipod are used.

Handheld ModeUsed on patrols with minimum deployment

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.15 Describe loading and unloading procedures for the 60mm mortar.


M224 60mm Mortar

60mm MortarLoadingDrop-Fire Method (Conventional mode)Drop round from top

Hand-held Mode Drop round from top

60mm MortarLoading

60mm MortarUn-LoadingMisfires - A round that has been dropped but failed to fire. A complete failure to fire.

Immediate action - Switch to trigger mode and attempt to fire. If it fails again, switch selector to safe and kick the lower portion of the cannon to dislodge the round. If this fails attempt to trigger fire again.

60mm MortarUn-LoadingFinally, if this fails, ensure the selector is on safe, have the gunner slowly lift the base cap end as the a-gunner places their hands around the outer edge of the muzzle.

As the round slides out the a-gunner stops it with their thumbs and removes it. It is then placed in the designated area.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.17 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the 60mm Mortar

LengthWeightAmmunition types


Weapons FundamentalsMaximum Effective RangeMaximum/Minimum elevationsPropellant increment chargesSafety

Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1 and FM-23-99 Mortars.

60mm MortarLength: 40 inches

Total weight complete - 46.5 lbsCannon - 14.4 lbsM7 Baseplate - 14.4 lbsM8 Baseplate - 3.6 lbsM170 Bipod - 15.2 lbs

60mm MortarAmmunition TypesHigh Explosive (HE) - Used to destroy or cause casualties to personnel, emplacements and vehicles. Causes damage by blast, fire and fragmentation.Smoke, White Phosphorus (WP) - Used for screening, casualties, incendiary and signaling. Causes material damage by fire.

60mm MortarAmmunition TypesIlluminating (ILLUM) - A flare attached to a parachute. Used for battlefield illuminating and signaling.

Training Practice (TP) - Similar to HE without explosive filler.

Training - Completely inert.

Ranges of AmmunitionHigh Explosive (HE) - 3490m/400-70mSmoke, White Phosphorus (WP) - 1630m/400-70mIlluminating (ILLUM) - 951m/NATraining Practice (TP) - 3490/NATraining - Completely inert NAMax/Min Elevation - 700-1600 mils

60mm MortarPropellant increment charges

Impact Fuze: causes the round to function when it comes in contact with an object.

Graduated Time Fuzes: Causes the round to function at a prescribed time after the round is fired. Also known as Time Fuzes

60mm MortarPropellant increment charges

Variable Time Fuzes. Contain their own radio transmitter and receiver. They transmit a radio signal. This signal is reflected back to the fuze. As the round approaches an object, the strength of the reflected signal increases. The round explodes at a predetermined strength.

60mm MortarSafetySafety

If a crew member is within one meter of the muzzle during firing, hearing protection must be used.

Never put your hands in front of the muzzle.

60mm MortarSafetyWhen cleaning the bore, be careful not to leave any waste on the firing pin.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.18 Describe the role and mission of the following.Forward Observer (FO)Fire Direction Center (FDC)Fire Support Coordinator (FSC)


60mm Mortar Forward ObserverThe eyes of the indirect fire team

Primary mission is locating suitable targets and calling for and adjusting fire on these targets.

Additional mission of collecting intelligence.

60mm Mortar Fire Direction CenterProvides the CO with a way to control and quickly mass firesLocated in the HQs section of the mortar platoonProcesses the calls for fire by plotting them on the firing chartFrom this chart, firing data is prepared and announced to the gun crews

60mm Mortar Fire Support CoordinatorApproves all calls for fire that are requested.

De-conflicts different fire missions in TOAR

Ensures data for fire missions is accurate

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.19 Describe the 40mm grenade launcher.


40mm Grenade Launcher

40mm Grenade LauncherDescriptionLight weightSingle shotBreech loadedPump actionShoulder fired weaponAttaches to the M16 rifle

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.20 Describe how the 40mm grenade launcher is held when fired.


40mm Grenade LauncherFiring PositionsStanding - Used with targets less than 100m. Face target then half right, Right hand pistol grip, left on magazine. Kneeling - Good for level ground or ground that slopes upward towards target. Place body perpendicular to target. Same firing position as standing.

40mm Grenade LauncherFiring Positions

Prone - Same as with rifle. When firing long range place butt of weapon on the deck Holding the 40mm grenade launcher.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.21 Describe loading and unloading procedures for the 40mm grenade launcher.


Loading and UnloadingEnsure the weapon is on safePress the barrel latch and slide barrel forwardInsert round into the chamberSlide the barrel closedWeapon is now loadedOpen barrel to eject round to unload

40mm Grenade LauncherLoading/Unloading

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.22 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the 40mm Grenade Launcher

WeightAmmunition typeMaximum Effective Range Range(area target)


Weapons FundamentalsMaximum Effective Range Range(point target)Maximum Range


40mm Grenade LauncherWeight

Total weight unloaded - 3 lbsTotal weight loaded - 3.5 lbsTotal weight with M16 - 11 lbs

40mm Grenade LauncherAmmunition TypesHE round - High explosive, designed to inflict personnel casualties. 5m casualty radius. Danger radius of 30m. Arms within 14m to 27m.

HE air burst - Lands on the deck and bounces up 2m to explode. 5m casualty radius. Arms within 14m to 27m.

40mm Grenade LauncherAmmunition TypesHEDP - High explosive, can penetrate 2 inches of steel. 5m casualty radius.

TP - Training round with a flash signature. Danger radius of 20m

40mm Grenade LauncherMaximum effective range(area target)Max effective range (area tgt) - 350m

Maximum effective range(point target)Max effective range (pt tgt) - 150m

Max range - 400m

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.23 Describe the operation of the 12- gauge shotgun.

Reference: NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunners Mate

M500 12 Gauge Shotgun

12-Gauge ShotgunOperationManually operatedSingle shotMagazine feed (tubular)Pump actionShoulder fired weapon

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.24 Describe loading and unloading procedures for the 12-gauge shotgun.

Reference: NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunners Mate

12-Gauge ShotgunLoadingSingle Load

Ensure the weapon is on safe

Press the action lock lever and slide barrel (fore-end) rearward

12-Gauge ShotgunLoadingInsert round into the barrel chamber

Slide the barrel closed

Weapon is now loaded

12-Gauge ShotgunLoadingMagazine Load

Ensure the weapon is on safe

Slide barrel (fore-end) forward

Insert round into the magazine

12-Gauge Shotgun

LoadingWeapon is now loaded without round in chamberOpen and close barrel to chamber a round

UnloadingOpen barrel to eject round to unload

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.25 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the 12 gauge shotgun.LengthSafetiesAmmunition typeReference: NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunners Mate

12-Gauge ShotgunLength: 39 inches

Safeties: Safety switch on top

Ammunition type: 12 ga, 2 - 2 3/4 in 00 buck, military round

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.26 Describe the 5.56mm M16A2 rifle.


M16A2E3

M16A2 RifleDescriptionLightweightGas operatedAir cooledMagazine fed Shoulder firedSemi-automatic or fully automatic

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.27 Describe how the 5.56mm M16A2 rifle is held when firing.


M16A2 RifleHow the weapon is held when fired.

Shoulder fired

Semi-automatic or fully automatic

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.28 Describe loading and unloading procedures for the the 5.56mm M16A2 rifle.


M16A2 RifleLoadingEnsure the rifle is on safe

With the bolt locked to the rear, insert a magazine.

Release the bolt catch and allow the bolt to go forward. This chambers a round from the magazine.

The rifle is now loaded and in condition one

M16A2 RifleUnLoadingEnsure the rifle is on safeAfter the last shot the bolt should lock to the rear. If so, just remove the magazine and inspect the chamber.If The bolt does not lock to the rear, pull the charging handle rearward and lock the bolt rearward using the bolt catch.Repeat the second step to complete the unloading process.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.29 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the M16A2 rifleLengthWeightMaximum RangeMaximum Effective Range Muzzle velocity

Weapons FundamentalsSafetiesMagazine capacity Types of AmmunitionRates of Fire Modes of Fire

Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1 and Fm 23-9, M16 Rifle Marksmanship

M16A2 RifleLength: 39in with flash suppressor

Weight: 7.8 lbs


M16A2 RifleMaximum Effective Range: Point Target 550 metersArea Target 800 meters

Muzzle Velocity: 3100 fps

M16A2 RifleSafeties: The rifle will not fire when placed in safe mode.

Magazine capacity: 20 - 30 rounds

M16A2 RifleTypes of ammunition:5.56mm Ball - Standard round 5.56mm Tracer - Used to mark targets or cause incendiary effects5.56mm Blank - Training round5.56mm Dummy - Totally inert for training

M16A2 RifleRates of Fire: Semi-Automatic: 45 round per minute Automatic: 90 rounds per minuteSustained: 12 to 15 rounds per minute

M16A2 RifleModes of Fire

Semiautomatic Fire mode - The trigger must be pulled each shot.

Automatic Fire mode - Rifle will continue to fire as long as the trigger is held back.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.30 State the six types of grenades.


Grenades

GrenadesSix types of grenades

FragmentationIlluminationChemicalIncendiarySmokePractice

Fragmentation GrenadesUsed to produce casualties by high velocity projection of fragments

Effective casualty producingradius is 15 metersM67 Fragmentation grenade

Used to illuminate terrain in night time operations

Once pin is pulled, GRENADE MUST BE THROWN!MK1 Illumination grenadeIlluminating Grenades

Used for incendiary, screening, signaling, training and riot control purposesM25A2 CS Riot grenadeChemical Grenades

Used to ignite combustible material and destroy all types of equipmentIncendiary GrenadesAN-M14 Incendiary grenade

Used to screen movement, mark targets and signalM34 WP GrenadeM15 WP GrenadeM8 Smoke GrenadeSmoke Grenades

Used to train personnel in the care, handling, and use of grenades prior to using actual service grenades.M57 grenadePractice Training Grenades

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.31 State hand grenade safety procedures.


GrenadesSafetyAll personnel handling casualty producing grenades must wear proper protectionNever attempt to de-fuse hand grenadesDo not remove the safety pin until ready to throwDo not attach grenades to clothing or equipment.

GrenadesSafetyRiot control grenades should not be thrown within 5 meters of personnel

Smoke grenades should not be used in closed areas

Wait 5 min before approaching a dud

Wait 30 min before approaching a chemical dud

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.32 Describe the uses of fragmentation and chemical hand grenades.


GrenadesFragmentation GrenadeUsed to produce casualties by high velocity projection of fragments

M67 Fragmentation grenade

GrenadesChemical Grenade

Used for incendiary, screening, signaling, training and riot control purposesM25A2 CS Riot grenade

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.33 State when, if ever, the safety pin of the MK 1 illuminating grenade can be replaced.


Illuminating GrenadesOnce pin is pulled, GRENADE MUST BE THROWN!

NEVER REPLACE THE SAFETY PINMK1 Illumination grenade

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.34 Describe the M18A1 Claymore mine.


Claymore Mine

Claymore MineDescriptionA directional, fixed-fragmentation mine that is designed primarily for use against massed infantry attacks.

It is equipped with a fixed plastic, slit type sight, adjustable legs and two detonator wells.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.35 Describe the placement, arming and safety requirements of the Claymore mine


Claymore MinePlacementPlacementShould be sighted on a point 8 ft high at a distance of 50 meters.

Claymore mineArmingArming Pull tape tab from blasting cap.

Lay wire between mine and firing position, wrap wire around leg of mine and bury if possible.

Claymore mineArmingArming Insert cap into either detonating well and lock with shipping plug-priming adapter.

Recheck aiming of mine.

Claymore mineSafety

The safety bail on the firing device has two positions. When up it is in the safe position. Down is the fire position.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.36 Describe the coverage and methods of fire for the Claymore mine.


Claymore mineCoverageEffective coverage - Placement no closer than 5 m and no farther apart than 45 m.

A preferred lateral and rearward separation distance is approximately 25 meters.

Claymore mineCoverageThe first 50 m at a 60 deg angle is considered the kill zone100 m is moderately effective250 m in dangerous100m behind the mine is the danger area

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.37 Describe the 84mm M136 (AT-4).


84mm M136 (AT-4)

84mm M136 (AT-4) Description

LightweightSelf contained anti-armor weaponFree flight fin stabilized cartridge packed in an expendable launcherOne pieceRight shoulder fired onlyMan-portable

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.38 Describe how to hold the AT4 when firing.


84mm M136 (AT-4)

Standing - Used when firing on moving or stationary targets from behind a protective barrier such as a wall or barricade. Most unstable and exposed position.

84mm M136 (AT-4)

84mm M136 (AT-4)Kneeling - Used for firing on moving or stationary targets. Maximum use of support is essential for stability

Sitting - Used for firing on stationary targets. More suitable than kneeling position.

84mm M136 (AT-4)

84mm M136 (AT-4)Prone - The least stable position. Affords the most protection. The danger area extends for 60m with a 90 degree angle behind the weaponThe weapon must not have any obstructions closer than 5 m to the rear of the weapon.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.39 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the AT4

Length

Weight

Maximum Range


Weapons FundamentalsMaximum Effective Range Muzzle velocity

ControlsAmmunition

Weapons FundamentalsMisfire procedures

Minimum arming rangeSafeties


AT4Length: 40 inches

Weight: Fully loaded 14.8 lbs



AT4Muzzle Velocity: 950 fps

Ammunition: Tactical cartridge, 18 inches long, high explosive, anti-tank (HEAT)

AT4Controls

Transport Safety Pin. Blocks the movement of the firing pin and prevents it from striking the cartridge percussion cap.

AT4 ControlsCocking Lever: When the cocking lever is in the SAGE position, there is no contact between the firing rod and the trigger.

Forward Safety. Prevents the firing rod from striking the firing pin.

AT4Misfire ProceduresCauses - A complete failure to fire caused by a faulty firing mechanism or faulty element in the propellant charge.

Action: Shout misfireMaintain sight picture

AT4Misfire ProceduresRelease safety catch

Re-cock the weapon

Check back blast area and attempt to fire

Repeat if necessary

AT4Misfire ProceduresIf still fails, release safety catch and return cocking lever to the safe position.

Reinsert the transport safety pin, lay weapon on ground and notify chain of command.

Minimum arming range: 10 meters

AT4Safety PrecautionsTake care in selecting positions for firing. Avoid areas that could cause you to fire through a screen of brush or trees. Impact with a twig or branch may deflect the rocket or cause it to detonate. You must try to obtain concealment, but not at the risk of safety.

AT4Safety PrecautionsTo prevent the rocket from striking the foreground and causing serious injury to personnel, maintain the launcher in the firing position until the rocket has left the launcher. Avoid the blast of flame and ejected residue to the rear of the launcher. Remove flammable material , such as dry vegetation, from the backblast area.

AT4Safety PrecautionsKeep personnel and ammunition clear of the rear danger area unless adequate shelter protection is provided. Sand or loose dirt in the backblast area can also reveal your position to the enemy.Do not fire rockets at temperatures below -40 F or above 140 F.Never fire a damaged weapon.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.40 Describe the use and purpose of the range card as it relates to each weapon system.


Range CardsCards are the basis for the fire plan at the company level. Each crew served weapon will have one.

All supporting fires, security sectors and defensive coordination are planned using the machine guns fire as the base from which to build.

Range CardsTwo cards are prepared, one for the gun and the other goes to higher HQ.Cards should be passed on to relieving units.Patrols can use your card to locate FPLs and identify dead space.Cards must be neat and prepared using a universal format.

Range CardsGun Identification Block - Identifies what gun the card belongs to and the date it was drawn.

Sheet1

Gun #1

Squad #3

"A" Co

5-Apr-99

Range CardsWeapon Symbol - Single dot for the gun and a solid arrow extending out along the FPL or PDF.

Range CardsMagnetic Orientation Line and Location Grid Coordinates - A means for others to positively locate your gun position. The line is drawn from a prominent terrain feature that is located behind friendly lines. The grid coordinates are recorded next to the dot in the machine gun symbol.

Range CardsSector Limits - Drawn as broken lines ending in arrow heads. If using an FPL only one sector limit will be drawn because one will be the same as the FPL.

Range CardsGrazing Fires - If an FPL is used, a heavy shaded area is drawn along the inside of the FPL. This will indicate the limits of grazing fire obtainable. Any dead space is shown by breaks in the shading. Record the near and far limits of the dead space in meters or record the range next to the ends of the shaded areas.

Range Card SymbolsTerrain Features - Draw only those terrain features that significantly add to the clarity of the range card. If the feature is drawn, draw it to the correct perspective.Wooded area

hill

Range Card SymbolsLocation of Friendly Troops or Equipment - Draw any friendly positions or equipment that is either in or near the sector limits of the machine gun.

1st SqdWater tower

Range Card SymbolsTargets - Draw targets to perspective and label them with a number. The number one target will be either the FPL or the left sector limit. If the FPL is on the right sector limit, number all other targets sequentially from right to left. All other times number from left to right.

Range Card SymbolsOne method is to record data directly on the sketch along the leading line to the target.

The other method is to use the data block of the card.

Sample Range Card2

1st Sqd2nd Sqd3rd SqdAB1001300m400m

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.41 Describe the effectiveness and employment of early warning devices and pyrotechnics


Early Warning Devices and PyrotechnicsTrip Flares

Booby Traps

Explosive Devices

Non-explosive Devices

Early Warning Devices and PyrotechnicsTrip FlaresUsed primarily to illuminate and to give warning of attacking or infiltrating enemy troops. Place along a likely avenue of approach and activated by the enemy. Normally not used in any other operation other than defensive.

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics

Early Warning Devices and PyrotechnicsBooby TrapsCan be explosive or non-explosive. Used primarily to incapacitate, wound or kill and unsuspecting person when they disturb a apparently harmless object. There are improvised and manufactured

Early Warning Devices and PyrotechnicsImprovised - Constructed from standard firing devices, explosives, weapons, missiles or other materials used for other purposes.

Manufactured - Standard devices made at a factory. Made to look like useful objects.(books, pipes or bottled drinks)

Early Warning Devices and PyrotechnicsExplosive DevicesBooby traps laid along paths and trails to delay and frustrate patrols and foot troops.Most are improvised with either pressure release, pull or pull release devices.

Early Warning Devices and PyrotechnicsGrenade Trap - Setup with wire to pull pin when tripped over.Grenade in can - Grenade in can with pin removed. Trip wire pulls grenade from can.Mud Ball Mine - Grenade packed in mud. Mud dries and cracks grenade explodes.

Early Warning Devices and PyrotechnicsNon-Explosive DevicesAll are improvised with locally available material. Either pressure release, pull or pull release devices.Punji Stakes - Bamboo spikes placed in the ground protruding just enough to produce injury.

Early Warning Devices and PyrotechnicsFoot Traps - Small pits combined with spike boards placed along paths or trails.

Deadfalls - Various devices are suspended above jungle paths and trails. Designed to fall or swing in an arc and strike victims as they pass below.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.42 Describe the tactical employment and purpose of naval Mobile Construction Battalion weapon systems.


Weapons SystemsAutomatic Rifleman - M16 rifle, backbone of the defense of the squad. Positioned first by the squad leader. The remainder of the fire team is positioned around the automatic rifles.

Weapons SystemsRifleman - M16 rifle, positioned so they can cover the entire fire team sector. The position must provide support and protection for the Automatic rifleman.

Weapons SystemsGrenadier - M203 grenade launcher, positioned to cover the dead space in the defense.M60E3 - Support the rifleman in the offense and defense. Provide heavy volumes of controlled fires. Provide FPFs. Cover likely avenues of approach. Provide grazing fire.

Weapons SystemsM2 .50 Cal Machine Gun - Provide protection for motorized movement. Destroy lightly armored vehicles. Defend against low-flying hostile aircraft.MK19 40mm Grenade Launcher - Used to provide direct and indirect firing. Role is similar to the M60E3 and M2.

Weapons SystemsAT-4 - Used against armored personnel carriers. Can be used to disable a battle tank (mobility kill) if struck properly

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.43 Describe the various rates of fire.RapidSustainedCyclic

Reference: FM 23-9 M16 Marksmanship.

Rates of FireRapid - 150 to 200 rounds per minute

Sustained - 12 to 15 rounds per minute

Cyclic - 700 to 800 rounds per minute

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.44 Describe the various methods of fire.GrazingPlunging

OverheadFixed

TraversingSearching

Weapons FundamentalsCombined searching and traversing

Swinging traverseFree


Methods of FireGrazing - Not less than 1m above and no higher than 68 inches above the ground. Can exist for 700m over level or evenly sloping ground.

Plunging - Fire that strikes the ground from above at a considerable level. Beaten zone is considered the danger space.

Methods of FireOverhead - Fire delivered over the heads of troops. Usually plunging fire Overhead

Fixed fire - for targets requiring only one aiming point. Continuous as long as target remains in the zone of fire.

Methods of FireSearching fire - Distributed in depth by changing the elevation of the gun. Used against deep targets, firing a burst each time elevation changes.

Traversing fire - Distributed in width by changing the horizontal direction of the gun. Firing a burst each time the gun changes direction.

Methods of FireCombined Traversing & Searching - Distributed in width & depth by changing the elevation and horizontal direction of the gun.

Methods of FireSwinging Traverse fire - Delivered against targets to wide to cover the traversing hand wheel. Also used on targets moving so rapidly across the gunners front they cannot maintain effective fire using the traversing hand wheel. Cannot be fired from bipod or vehicles.

Methods of FireFree gunfire - Delivered from the tripod mount against targets requiring rapid and major changes in direction and elevation. Can also be used from a vehicle mount when the target cannot be covered adequately by aiming points. Cannot be fired from bipod mount.

Weapons FundamentalsPQS Question 104.45 Describe the use and purpose of the following Night Observation Devices.

AN/PVS-4 (individual)

AN/PVS-5 (crew serve)

Weapons FundamentalsAN/PVS-7C (night goggles)

AN/PVS-11 (pocket scope)

Reference: TM-5855-214-10, Night Vision Sight, Crew Served Weapon

Weapons FundamentalsTM-11-5855-213-23&P, Night Vision Sight, Individual WeaponTM-SW215-AK-MNO-010, Night Vision Sight, Individual GogglesNAVSEA OP 4067, Operators Manual for AN/VPS-11, Pocket Scope Night Vision Device

AN/PVS-4

Night Vision Devices AN/PVS-4 (Individual)AN/PVS-4 - Individual use. Portable, battery operated, electro - optical instrument used for observation and aimed fire of weapons at night. Magnification - 3.6xRange - 400-600m (man size tgt)

AN/PVS-5

Night Vision Devices AN/PVS-5 (Crew Serve)AN/PVS-5 - Crew served and M16 use. Portable, battery operated, electro - optical instrument used for observation and aimed fire of weapons at night.Magnification - 5.6xRange - 1000-1200m (vehicle size tgt)

AN/PVS-7C

Night Vision Devices AN/PVS-7C (Night Goggles)AN/PVS-7C - Hand held or head mounted night vision system that enables walking, driving, weapon firing, short range surveillance, map reading and vehicle maintenance in both moonlight and starlight. Range - min 9.8

Night Vision TOA AD AENIGHT VISION GOGGLES1027

CSW NIGHT VISION SIGHT48

INDIVIDUAL WEAP SIGHT49

NIGHT VISION POCKETSCOPE28

105 weapons fundamentals

Documents

m60 machine gunreference

m60 machine gunlength

grenade machine gun

seabee combat handbook

night vision sight

face of bolt

rangemove safety

rangeplace safety