1029 jeevika what is system of wheat intensification (swi)

04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)

JEEViKA WHAT IS SWI ?

A project of Govt. of Bihar assisted by the World Bank Objective – social & economic empowerment of rural

poor through community institutions such as self-help groups (SHGs) & their federations

Agricultural intervention is one of the focus areas under the Livelihoods component

Rural poverty can be reduced in a big way enhancing agricultural productivity of the important crops

Piloted and scaled up SRI among 8,500 farmers Piloted SWI in 2008-09 with 415 farmers SWI is being scaled up with nearly 30,000 farmers in

2009-10


WHAT IS SWI ?

• A SET OF AGRONOMIC PRACTICES:

Modified Practices Lower seed rate Seed treatment Sowing of seeds

at proper spacing

Control of water in the crop field

Weeding / hoeing

Outputs / Results Higher ratio of tillers to mother seedlings

Increased number of effective tillers / hill

Enhanced panicle length & bolder grains

Enhanced yield


DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRADITIONAL WHEAT CULTIVATION & SWI

Particulars Traditional wheat

cultivation

System of Wheat

Intensification

Seed rate 100-125 kg / ha

20-30 kg / ha

Seed treatment Not done Provided with cow urine & fungicide

Sowing Broadcasting Line sowing

Spacing No spacing regulation

8 inch x 8 inch

Weeding / Hoeing

Not done 3 times

Yield 1-2 tons / hectare

3-4 tons / hectare


SEED TREATMENT

Required inputs:10 kg improved

seedWarm water: 20

litres (60o Celsius)

Vermi-compost: 5 kg

Gur: 4 kgCow urine: 4

litresBavistin: 20

grams


SEED TREATMENT PROCESS

Steps to be followed sequentially:Separate foreign materials from 10 kg seedMake 20 liters of water warm, up to 60o C in a

vesselPut the seed in the warm water in the vesselRemove the floating seeds from the warm

waterAdd 5 kg vermi-compost, 4 kg gur & 4 litres of

cow urine, and keep for 8 hoursSeparate the seed mixture from the solution,

sieving it through a cotton cloth after 8 hoursAdd 20 grams Bavistin to the seed mixture

and keep this for 12 hours in a wet jute bag for germination & for further sowing


LAND PREPARATION

Land preparation process:20 quintals FYM or 4 quintals of vermi-compost per acre of land

If the soil does not have appropriate moisture, irrigate before ploughing

Before the last ploughing, broadcast 27 kg DAP & 13.5 kg potash on one acre of land


SEED SOWING

Seed sowing process: Moisture availability in soil

is required when the germinated seeds are sown

2 seeds per hill are sown & spacing is maintained at 8”

To guide and maintain line sowing at 8”, strings or ropes are used

Gap filling is done after 7 days, wherever the seed has not germinated


IRRIGATION

Phase-wise irrigation management:First irrigation is done 15 days after sowing, as

root initiation starts during this time. Unavailability of moisture in soil will prevent root initiation.

Second irrigation is given 25 days after sowing, as the number of tillers start emerging

Third irrigation is given 35-40 days after sowing

Subsequent irrigations are given at 60, 80 & 100 days after sowing, depending on soil & climatic conditions

During the flowering and grain-filling stage, appropriate moisture should be available in the soil


MANURE & FERTILIZER APPLICATION

Phase-wise manure & fertilizer application:After the first and third irrigation, manure

& fertilizer are appliedAfter the first irrigation, 4 quintals of

vermi-compost and 40 kg of urea are applied

After the third irrigation, 15 kg urea & 13 kg potash are applied


WEEDING

Phase-wise weeding requirement:Weeding is first done 2-3 days after

irrigationAfter the first, second & third irrigations,

hoeing and weeding should be done -- to loosen the soil and to make the wheat field weed-free

The loosening of soil results in better aeration for the root zone and increases the root length by letting them take more moisture & nutrient from the soil

This helps in bringing forth more tillers in the plant with more vigor


ACTION RESEARCH ON SWI in JEEViKA (2008-09)

Three kinds of research:First research: Row to row & plant to

plant spacing is 6 inchesSecond research: Row to row & plant to

plant spacing is 8 inchesThird research : PVSP as a complement to

SWI with 7 wheat varieties (GW-273, UP-2565, UP-2526, HD-2733, PBW-343, HP-1761, HI-1531)

Action research was undertaken with 140 farmers in Purnea, 150 farmers in Gaya, and 125 farmers in Nalanda (415 farmers in all)


Yield Differencesper hectare

Traditional SWI

Purnea : 1.6 tonnes (PBW-343, UP-262)

Gaya : 1.2 tonnes (PBW-343)

Nalanda : 1.4 tonnes (PBW-343)

Purnea : 4.8 tonnes (GW-273, UP-2565, UP-2526)

Highest : 8.4 ton / ha

Gaya : 3.2 tonnes (PBW-343)


Nalanda : 3.8 tonnes (PBW-343, GW-273, HD 2733, LOK-1)



Difference in tillers & root between SWI & traditional practices


Certification by Dr. M. C. Diwakar, Director, Rice

Development, GoI


Progress of SWI in the Ongoing Winter Season

Rabi 2009-2010 in JEEViKA Working with around 30,000 farmers in around

5,000 acres of land in 18 blocks of 6 districts

Implementation is carried out with support from the local resources called Village Resource Persons (VRPs)

More than 500 Village Resource Persons (VRPs) were identified from the villages and trained to guide the 30,000 farmers


Role of Village Resource Persons

(VRPs) Generating awareness of SWI methodology in SHGs

& at VO meetings Training of farmers in the classroom & field

SWI training manual Audio –visual materials Field demonstrations Field exposure (internal & external)

Guiding farmers in sowing and intercultural operations

Weekly SWI plot visits to solve problems Conducting focus-group discussions with farmers Conduct scientific yield assessments as trained by

agriculture scientists (cross-verification method)


Designing of Honorarium for Village Resource Persons

(VRPs) SC/ST HHs + Lease Land = 35/- per HH per month SC/ST HHs + Own Land = 30/- per HH per month BC/EBC HHs+Lease/Own Land=25/- per HH per m GC HHs + Lease / Own Land = 20/- per HH per m HONORARIUM DESIGN OBJECTIVES To cover a greater number of landless farmers

who lease land & improve productivity so as to attain food security & bring more land under the fold of SWI/SRI to improve productivity

In the current Rabi season, 18 VRPs imparted training to farmers, agriculture officers & KVK-ATMA officials to help them pilot SWI in 38 districts


OBSERVATIONS / LEARNING

Under water-stressed conditions (drought), crops with SRI/SWI methodology cope with pressures better than crops of traditional cultivation practices

For bringing about sustained change in agricultural and behavioural practices, very close guidance is needed for at least 2-3 years

More number of small & marginal farmers have taken up SRI/SWI on more acres of land in subsequent years

The SWI/SRI methodology spreads much faster from the small farmers to the large farmers


OUR EXPECTATIONS

Scaling up of SWI across various parts of the country

Inclusion of System of Wheat Intensification (SWI) under the National Food Security Mission (NFSM) for attaining better food security for the poor

Research to develop seed drill for sowing of wheat seeds on large scale, and other equipment such as weeders, power weeders, etc.

Use of VRP model for more effective extension of agricultural practices

1029 jeevika what is system of wheat intensification (swi)

Documents

seed sowing

seed mixture

farmers swi

seed treatment process

ha seed treatment

improved seed warm water

row plant

swi injeevika2008