10/22/14 Freshman Composition

What to Expect Today

• Take Quiz on 75 Readings Plus Readings• Read selections “The Green Eyed Monster” and

“Pride” and complete Response Reading Essays• Introduction to Comparison and Contrast Essay• Practice brainstorming using Grant versus Lee

essay by Bruce Canton• Pass out Comparison and Contrast Assignment

Sheet and go over requirements

Review 75 Readings

• Two Views of the Mississippi (Mark Twain)• Two Ways to Belong in America (Bharati

Mukherjee)• Neat People versus Sloppy People

What do you know about Mark Twain?• Who was he?• What is he known for?

Views of the Mississippi (Mark Twain)

• American humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist

• acquired international fame for his travel narratives, especially The Innocents Abroad (1869), Roughing It (1872), and Life on the Mississippi (1883), and for his adventure stories of boyhood, especially The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885).

Views of the Mississippi

• Twain became a riverboat pilot and studied the Mississippi – learning this trade was a “valuable acquisition”

• Not only did a pilot receive good wages and enjoy universal respect, but he was absolutely free and self-sufficient: “a pilot, in those days, was the only unfettered and entirely independent human being that lived in the earth,” he wrote.

• The Civil War stopped his work as a riverboat pilot

Views of the Mississippi

How did Twain’s perspective of the river (Mississippi) change from a newcomer looking at the river to after he became a riverboat pilot?

Views of the Mississippi

How things looked as a novice (1st view) and then as a riverboat pilot

Views of the Mississippi

Views of River Before he became a riverboat pilot

Views of River After he became a riverboat pilot

The scene of the river was moving – he had never seen anything like it.He had an innocent appreciation

All the grace, beauty, and poetry had gone out of the river for him; he had lost his ability to appreciate it.

1st view the red hue had brightened into gold; there were boiling, tumbling rings as many-tinted as an opal

Later view the floating log means the river is rising; the tumbling boils show a dissolving bar.

He had a more negative view of the river after becoming a pilot according to this text.Thesis: Although mastering his profession provided him with a valuable skill, in doing so he lost the ability to appreciate the beauty of its natural setting.

Why does Twain pity doctors?

Why does Twain pity doctors?

Instead of seeing beauty in someone’s face (lovely flush in a beauty’s cheek) doctor sees disease or symbols of decay

Two Ways to Belong in America

• About the Author: Bharati MukherjeeDate of Birth: July 27, 1940Where: Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), Indiaborn to wealthy parents in India.

• by the age of three she learned how to read and write

• In 1947, she moved to Britain with her family at the age of eight and lived in Europe for about three and a half years.

• By the age of ten, Mukherjee knew that she wanted to become a writer, and had written numerous short stories.

Who do you think is the intended audience for this essay “Two Ways to Belong in America?”

Two Ways to Belong in America

Intended Audience for the Essay

• likely Americans who would be interested in the issue of immigration; anyone who is willing to fight Congress for the rights of immigrants, Congress directly.

Purpose

Mukherjee wrote the essay in response to Congress after they started a movement to take away government benefits from resident aliens (immigrants).

How were the two sisters alike?

Two Ways to Belong in America

• Both girls were born in India

• Both came to the U.S. from India to attend college• Both married and remained• Both went into education as a profession• Both“like well-raised sisters we never said what was

really on our minds..”

How were the two sisters different?

Two Ways to Belong in America

Sisters Agree

• sense of betrayal over Congress making a movement to take away benefits from resident aliens• Mira says “I feel used, manipulated and discarded’ – she is a legal

immigrant who has worked hard and obeyed the rules• Bharati “felt then the same sense of betrayal that Mira feels now. I

will never forget the pain of that sudden turning, and the casual racistoutbursts the Green Paper elicited.

• attitude toward duty to siblings and toward marriage• same career field (education)

Two Ways to Belong in America

Sisters Disagree over Citizenship

• Mira is still an Indian citizen & works in the U.S. with a green card “happier to live in America as expatriate Indian than as an immigrantAmerican.”

• Bharati – American citizen • “I am an American citizen and she is not. I am

• moved that thousands of long-term residents are finally taking the oath of citizenship. She is not.”

• “I need to feel like a part of the community I have adopted (as I tried to feel in Canada as well). I need to put roots down, to vote and make the difference that I can.”

• Mira married an Indian, Bharati married someone of a different ethnicity (a Non-Indian)

Two Ways to Belong in America

Marrying Outside of Indian Culture

• “By choosing a husband who was not my father's selection, I was opting for fluidity, self-invention, bluejeans, and T-shirts, and renouncing 3,000 years (at least) of casteobservant,"pure culture" marriage in the Mukherjee family.”

• She calls it “an emotional strain” to marry outside my

ethnic community.

Neat People vs. Sloppy People

The author says she’s “finally figured out the difference between neat people and sloppy people” What is the distinction?

Neat People vs. Sloppy People

The author says she’s “finally figured out the difference between neat people and sloppy people” What is the distinction?

It’s moral. Neat people are lazier and meaner than sloppy people. Sloppy people are sloppy as a consequence of their “extreme moral rectitude.”

What are some characteristics of sloppy people?

What are some characteristics of sloppy people?• Live in Never-Never land• They “aim too high and

wide” and never get neat• They save everything

What are some characteristics of neat people?

What are some characteristics of neat people?• “bums and clods at heart”• “have a cavalier attitude toward possessions, including

family heirlooms”• “vicious with mail” –(throw away birthday cards)• Wasteful (don’t clip coupons or save leftovers)• Operate on 2 principles:

1. Never handle any item twice

2. Throw everything away

Take Quiz 75 Readings

• Two Views of the Mississippi (Mark Twain)• Two Ways to Belong in America (Bharati Mukherjee)• Neat People versus Sloppy People

Complete Response Reading Activity

• The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy • 75 Readings page 130• Pride - Dagoberto Gilb • 75 Readings page 135

Analyze Definition Essay Readings

The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy

This essay • attempts to define envy by distinguishing it from jealousy

quotes dictionaries, philosophers, and writers• provides examples of types of envy and stimuli of envy

ENVY OR JEALOUSY?

Othello, Act 3, Scene 3

ENVY OR JEALOUSY?

Who steals my purse steals trashOh, beware, my lord, of jealousy.

ENVY OR JEALOUSY?

The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy

7 Deadly Sins

Why is Envy The

Worst Sin?

The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy

Why is Envy The Worst

Sin?

Envy is the only one that involves a direct wish to harm or take something from another person

Jealous vs. Envy

Jealousy Envy

one yearns for general things (i.e., wealth or youth)

Envy is personal because it focuses on self-gain and because it targets specific people who have what the envious person wants for himself or wishes the other person didn‘t have

Jealousy is not always pejorative; one can after all be jealous of one‘s dignity, civil rights, honor.‖ (Paragraph 6)

A malicious desire to hurt others by taking what they have or resenting them for having their good fortune

“Green with Envy”

• Green is traditionally a color associated with illness, dating back to the Greeks. But it wasn’t until Shakespeare that the notion of being “Green With Envy” really started to take shape.

• In Othello, Iago warns Othello “beware, my lord, of jealousy;/It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock/The meat it feeds on.”

[Inspired by a cat who plays with its prey]

• In Anthony and Cleopatra,• “Lepidus, since Pompey’s feast, as Menas says, is troubled

with the green sickness.” [The green sickness, being envy]

• In Merchant of Venice,• “How all the other passions fleet to air,

As doubtful thoughts, and rash-embraced despair,And shuddering fear, and green-eyed jealousy!”

Pride - Dagoberto Gilb

• Gilb defines the concept of pride positively by describing various members of the community in El Paso, Texas. In showing the attitude of different generations toward work, family, and civic duty, he not only defines what it is to take pride in one‘s community and role in it but also reveals something about the people of El Paso, who are primarily of Mexican heritage.

Set in El Paso, Texas

Pride - Dagoberto Gilb

• author‘s intention is to portray Mexican Americans as people who take pride in their strong work and family ethic and long-standing service to the country

Examples of Pride

• working hard at a job• scoring high on a video game• wearing pretty clothes• graduating high school• one‘s children‘s accomplishments• the land, one‘s culture and history and heritage,• the sacrifices of one‘s ancestors, contribution to one‘s

nation through military service

Pride - Dagoberto Gilb

Metaphors

• ―Pride is working a job like it‘s as important as art or war….

• ―Pride is the fearless reaction to disrespect and disregard.‖

Personification

• ―Pride hears gritty dirt blowing against an agave whose stiff fertile stalk, so tall, will not bend

• ―Pride smells a sweet, musky drizzle of rain and eats huevos con chile in corn tortillas heated on a cast-iron pan – the love of heritage.‖

Introduction to Comparison and Contrast Essay

What is a Comparison/Contrast Paper?

Writing a comparison/contrast paper involves comparing and contrasting two subjects. • A comparison shows how two things are alike. • A contrast shows how two things are different

 

Guidelines

• It is not enough to merely list what is the same and what is different. Consider the following:

• What overall pattern is operating in the similarities and why does it matter?

• How does the comparison enhance our understanding of the separate entities?

• What is the cause of the differences and why does it matter?

• What unique and new insight comes from contrasting the entities?

Step 1: Choose two topics / subjects that can be compared and contrasted

For this assignment, your choices include:• two musical styles, such as classical and contemporary reggae• two musicians, composers• two filmmakers, artists, authors• two scientists, such as Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking• two military leaders, such as Robert E. Lee and Ulysess Grant• two American Presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson• two world leaders, such as Vladimir Putin and Mikhail Gorbachev• two professional athletes such as Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant• two vacation destinations• Two seasons such as autumn and spring• living on campus with living off campus• online classes versus traditional classes• two political systems, such as communism versus democracy• two religions, such as Christianity versus Judaism• two religious leaders, such as the Pope and Dalai Lama• Or two others – get approval from instructor

Step: 2• Begin researching your topics• List Similarities and Differences• Use charts or graphs to organize ideas

Use Columns Venn Diagrams

JordanRyan

DifferencesRyan

Similarities DifferencesJordan

B-day- March

Age 13 Age: 7

Blue eyes Green eyes

Step: 2 (continued)

Make a Venn Diagram of the two subjects and write the similarities in the part of the intersecting circles, while writing the differences in the parts of each subject's circle that does not intersect with other. This will require you to consult your sources, brainstorm, and analyze the two subjects on a deeper level.

Step: 2 (continued)

• Give Brainstorming Process a Try• Read Grant versus Lee• As you read, complete the brainstorming chart:

Similarities and Differences

Thesis of The Author

They were two strong men these oddly different generals, and they represented the strengths of two conflicting currents that, through them, had come into final collision.

How Were Lee and Grant Alike?

Similarities• Both were two distinguished generals• Both had passion for what they were fighting for• Both were fearless and fought without reservation• Both could inspire their soldiers to fight• Both fought in the Mexican War• Both went to West Point

How Were Lee and Grant Different?

Lee Grant

Aristocracy – old fashioned ideagrew up with and stood for a noble way of life. He believed in tradition, and ersonified that with English knights and country squires. He believed in hierarchy and inequity

Democracy – hope and future of the nationbelieved that status was not just bestowed upon a person, they had to earn it. Grant was not just handed things early in his life. He relied on no one, and cared not for the traditions of the past. He stood for a more democratic and competitive lifestyle

Supported inequality in social structurebelieved that only wealthy landowners could be leaders because they had a stake in their community.

Supported equality believed any man could become a leader, provided he had the ability, skills, and was able to assume the position

satisfied with the status quo, feared change dissatisfied with the status quo, believed in democracy and competition

was an aristocrat from a family of landowners

was a middle-class man from humble beginnings in the mountains

Step 3: Document Your Sources

• As you visit websites, write down information and record URL addresses

For example:A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of a body of water.

(information)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach (URL address)

A beach consists of loose particles which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones. (information)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach (URL address)

Example 1: Comparison/Contrast Thesis Statement

Step 4:Develop Your Thesis Statement

Example 2: Comparison/Contrast Thesis Statement

Step 4:Develop Your Thesis Statement

Example 3: Comparison/Contrast Thesis Statement

Step 4:Develop Your Thesis Statement

Example 1: Even though Venus and Serena Williams are both professional tennis stars, they differ in their opinions about men, movies, and music.

Example 2:

Even though Grant and Lee were two distinguished generals in the Civil War in 1865, (one similarity) they were significantly different in terms of their background, perceptions of leadership, and the sense of loyalty to their own region. (three differences)

Step 5: Begin Writing Body Paragraphs

• Start by taking one of your main points and writing it in sentence form

Step 6: Crafting of Body Paragraphs

1. Sort or group all similarity sentences together and all dissimilarity sentences

2. Begin linking sentences together with transition words (see next slide)

3. Add topic sentences and concluding sentences after all points are linked together

Transition Words / Phrases

Transitions Words:

Contrast: On the contrary, contrarily, notwithstanding, but, however, nevertheless, in spite of, in contrast, yet, on one hand, on the other hand, rather, or, nor, conversely, at the same time, while this may be true.

Addition: in addition to, furthermore, moreover, besides, than, too, also, both-and, another, equally important, first, second, etc., again, further, last, finally, not only-but also, as well as, in the second place, next, likewise, similarly, in fact, as a result, consequently, in the same way, for example, for instance, however, thus, therefore, otherwise

*These are just a few examples; feel free to research other transition words/phrases

COMPARISON/CONTRAST

Sample Paragraph 2

Grant was a middle-class man from humble beginnings in the mountains. He was tough, self-reliant, and independent, believing that he alone was responsible for his fate. Only his skills, efforts, and perseverance would determine if he would besuccessful. Because he was dissatisfied with the status quo, he believed in democracy and competition. In contrast, (transitional phrase), Lee was an aristocrat from a family of landowners. He believed there should be an inequality in thesocial structure, and that society should be tied to the land as the chief source of wealth. Since Lee was satisfied with the status quo, he feared change.

Sample Paragraph 3

Grant believed any man could become a leader, provided he had the ability, skills, and was able to assume the position. He wanted only to be able to improve himself and to prove what he could accomplish. Nevertheless (transition), Lee

thought otherwise; he believed that only wealthy landowners could be leaders because they had a stake in their community. As a leader, Lee was accountable to those men in his region

because they looked to him as a role model for higher values.

COMPARISON/CONTRASTApplication of Part-by-Part MethodSample Paragraph 4

Grant had no sense of loyalty to his region. As far as he was concerned, every many had an equal chance to show how far he could rise. He believed in competition. Privileges had to be earned, not given. On the other hand (transitional phrase), Lee was tied to hisregion because of his position, and he would fight to the limit to defend it because it was what gave his life meaning.

Step 7: In-Text Citation

• Use in-text essay citations when you:1. Add a direct quote to your essay2. Paraphrase an idea from a source3. Summarize information from a single source

A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of a body of water.

(“Beach”)

In-text citation are also called parenthetical reference

*Note, this is not a complete citation; only an extract of a citation

Step 8: Writing an Introduction

Purpose: to attract the reader’s interest and attention. It should also inform the reader about the focus of the essay.

Techniques: AnecdoteStartling InformationDialogueSummaryInteresting FactA Thought Provoking Question

Introduction Techniques

• Anecdote-a short story the illustrates the point of the paper

• Startling Information- must be true and accurate; may need a sentence or two of explanation

• Dialogue- may only include two or three exchanges; no need to reveal speakers

• Summary- briefly explain your topic• Interesting Fact- statistical information related to topic• Thought Provoking Question- used to grab reader’s

attention

Step 9: Conclusion

Purpose:

brings closure to the reader

Method:

sum up your main points and provide a final perspective on your topic and incorporate one of the Introduction Techniques (Anecdote, Startling Information, Dialogue, Summary, Interesting Fact, A Thought Provoking Question)

COMPARISON/CONTRAST SAMPLE CONCLUSION

Despite the fact that both Grant and Lee were rivals on the battlefield and Lee lost the war, both men exemplified perseverance, courage, and patience when they finally agreed to negotiate the terms for peace in 1865 at Appomattox Court House after many lives had been lost in the Civil War.

Create a works cited page:

Use MLA-style page numbering: your last name and the page number.

The works cited page is the last page of the essay.

Title the page: Works Cited.

The entire page is double spaced [with no extra spacing between entries].

For each entry, all lines after the first are indented five spaces.

Punctuation and capitalization require your careful attention.

The list of entries is alphabetized.

What do I need for the cite?

1 Word you looked up (this is same as title

of article”

2 Name of Website 3 Date (in this case n.d.)

4 Medium (Web)5 Date you accessed site

Works Cited Page Citation

"Courage." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2014.

How Do I Create a Works Cited Entry for an Online Resource with Quotations from Famous People?

Citing Courage Quotes by Others

1 Author of Quote (this is same as title of

article”

2 Name of Website4 Date (in this case n.d.)

5 Medium (Web)

6 Date you accessed site

3 Publishing Org (Xplore)

What Information Do I Need for a Works Cited Entry for a cite with a quotation?

Citing Courage Quotes by Others

How Do I Cite An Online Article?

Nelson Mandela and Ghandi

What Information Do I Need to Create the Works Cited Entry?

In Text Citation

Nelson Mandela “has become a kind of fairy tale: he is the last noble man, a figure of heroic achievement” (Paramaguru).

OR

In her article “5 Great Stories About Nelson Mandela’s Humility, Kindness and Courage,” Kharunya Paramaguru observed that Mandela “has become a kind of fairy tale: he is the last noble man, a figure of heroic achievement.”

In-Text Citations – Dictionary.ComAccording to Dictionary.com, courage is “the quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty, danger, or pain.”

Dictionary.com is a SIGNAL phrase that suffices when you document the full citation on your Works Cited Page.

In-Text Citations

Nelson Mandela set aside the bitterness of enduring 27 years in apartheid prisons — and the weight of centuries of colonial division, subjugation and repression — to personify the spirit and practice of courage. Nelson Mandela stated that he “ learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear” (“Quotes from Nelson Mandela”).

"Quotes from Nelson Mandela." Good Reads. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.

Citing Online Sources

In-Text Citations – Author and Page # Known

In-text Citation - Online Sources

In-text Citation - Online Sources

In-text Citation - Online Sources

In-text Citation - Online Sources

Homework

• Draft – Comparison and Contrast Essay

75 Readings Plus• Barbara Dafoe “Where Have All the Parents Gone”• Phillip Meyer “If Hitler Asked You to Electrocute a

Stranger Would You? Probably”• K.C. Cole “The Arrow of Time”