Turning small business interns into applicants: The mediating role of perceived justice

Presenter: Amber Liang Instructor: Dr. Pi-Ying HsuDate: March 10, 2014

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Citation

Zhao, H. (2013). Turning Small Business Interns into Applicants: The Mediating Role of Perceived Justice. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 443-457.

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Contents

Introduction

Literature Review

Methodology

Results

Conclusion

Critiques and Suggestions

Background

Literature Review

Gap

Purpose of the study

Value4

Introduction

The students who choose to intern in small

businesses are hesitant about working

permanently.

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Background

In the past decade, attention has been given

to the recruitment-related effectiveness of

such programs (Lahm & Heriot, 2009).

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Literature Review

Entrepreneurship literature examines many challenges entrepreneurs face in the new venture startup process.

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Gap

when been asked for their biggest business-related problem, entrepreneurs agree on a seemingly surprising answer, staffing.

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Purpose of the study

The paper is to examine how interns can be encouraged to become permanent employees in small business.

Internships are a relatively low-risk approachfor entrepreneurs to expand their social ties and attract prospective employees to join.

The study contributes to the emerging

literature at the intersection of human

resource management and entrepreneurship.

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Value

Research model

Small business internship

Job-seeking goal & intention to join

Internship as a realistic job preview

Perceived justice

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Literature review

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Research model

Job-seekingT1

InvolvementT2

Perceived justiceT3

Intention to joinT3

H1b

H1a

H1c H1d

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Internship is the “structured and career relevant work experiences obtained by students prior to graduation from an academic program.”

(Taylor, 1988)

Small business internship

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Small business internship

More importantly, internships do not require long-term employment commitment on employers’ part, thus entrepreneurs can use internships as an excellent “try-before-you-buy” method of staffing.

(Lahm & Heriot, 2009)

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Someone who follow temporal sequence of action phases, goal development and evaluating the outcome.

(Gollwitzer et al., 2012)

Job-seeking goal & intention to join

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Job-seeking goal & intention to join

The relationship between goal intentions and lagged implementation intentions is also empirically supported.

(Brandstatter et al., 2003)

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An assumption is certainly questionable in reality where the time lag between goal intention and action can be so long that “during this period applicants gain new information and may reevaluate their intentions”.

(Carless, 2003)

Internship as a realistic job preview

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Organization literature suggests that perceptions of justice “play central role” in explaining employees’ intentions to quit.

(Dailey & Kirk, 1992)

Perceived justice

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Perceived justice

Research has shown employees’ involvement in organization life increases their perception of justice.

(Kanfer et al., 1995)

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Hypotheses

H1a: Small business interns’ pre-internship job seeking is positively related to their post-internship intention to join the organization.

H1b: Small business interns’ during-internship involvement with their organization is positively related to their post-internship intention to join the organization.

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Hypotheses

H1c: Small business interns’ involvement with their organization is positively related to their post-internship justice perception.

H1d: Small business interns’ post-internship justice perceptionis positively related to their post-internship intention to join.

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Hypotheses

H2a:The positive effect of interns’ job-seeking goal on their intentions to join is stronger among corporate interns than among small business interns.

H2b:The positive effect of involvement on interns’ intentions to join is stronger among small business interns than among corporate interns.

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Hypotheses

H2c:The positive effect of involvement on justice perception is stronger among small business interns than among corporate interns.

H2d:The positive effect of justice perception on intention to join is stronger among small business interns than among corporate interns.

Participants

Instruments

Procedures

Data collection

Data Analysis23

Methodology

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Participants

Amount 481

College students

Volunteer

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Instruments

QuestionStronglydisagree

DisagreeDisagree

some what

Undecided

Agreesomewhat

Agree Stronglyagree

There are some equipments and facilities available to all permanent workers but not to me.

□ □ □ □ □ □ □

Point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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Procedures

1 week after the

internship

T3

2 weeks into the

internship

T2

Pre-internship

T1

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Data collection

Total T1 T2 T3

481 124 117 104

Three web surveys

Valid

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Data analysis

Correlations, means, standard deviations

Reliability

Standardized path coefficients

1.

2.

3.

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Results

Correlations, means, standard deviations

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Standardized path coefficients

Intention to joinT3

Job-seekingT1

InvolvementT2

Perceived justiceT3

.01

.23* .52**

.30**

H1a：Small business interns’ pre-internship job seeking is positively related to their post-internship intention to join the organization.

Not supported

H1b：: Small business interns’ during-internship involvement with their organizationis positively related to their post-internship intention to join the organization.

Supported

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Standardized path coefficients

Intention to joinT3

Job-seekingT1

InvolvementT2

Perceived justiceT3

.01

.23* .52**

.30**

H1c：Small business internsinvolvement with their organizationis positively related to their post-internship justice perception.

Not supported

H1d：Small business interns’ post-internship justice perception is positively related to their post-internship intention to join.

Supported

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conclusion

Entrepreneurs are often celebrated as heroes who depart from the crowd, but creating and managing a new venture are never a lonely game.

Entrepreneurs need to recruit additional human input to staff their growing business.

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Critiques & suggestions

The paper didn’t mention the participants clearly. For example, the students’ gender quantity.

Maybe it could be better to introduce the small business kinds that readers could understand the students’ work contents.

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Thank you for your attention!