101 solutions to climate change

7/27/2019 101 Solutions to Climate Change

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All Avinor-owned airports in Norway are engaged

in a systematic, long-term effort to reduce their

greenhouse gas emissions. Avinor is among the

frst airport operators worldwide to compensate

for emissions from its operations. We acceptresponsibility for our own emissions and are

taking appropriate steps says Sverre Quale,

Avinor Group CEO.

Oslo Airport Gardermoen (OSL) is Norways largest and newest airport.

From its very inception, there has been a will to invest in environmentally

sound solutions at OSL. These include a district-heating network powered

by woodchips and an extensive system of heat exchangers that allow heat

energy to be extracted from the ground water in winter. In summer, the

ground water is used for cooling. Finding good environmental solutions

remains an important goal in the continued development of Avinors air-

ports. New buildings are designed with an eye to reducing energy require-

ments while letting in plenty of light. A seawater heat-exchange system has

been established for the new terminal building at Alta Airport and a similar

one will be installed at Kristiansand Airport Kjevik. A new heating plantfuelled by local wood chippings is planned for Stavanger Airport Sola.

Carbon inventory

Every year, Avinor draws up a carbon inventory for its operations. The in-

ventory, published in the Avinor Groups environmental report, is based on

methods that have been veried by Det Norske Veritas and are in accor -

dance with the internationally acknowledged standards The Greenhouse

Gas Protocol and ISO 14064.

Reducing emissions

Avinor is taking a number of concrete steps to reduce its own greenhouse

gas emissions. These include a greater use of electric vehicles and bio-

fuel, and a continuous renewal of its vehicle eet. In order to reduce fuel

consumption by its vehicles, Avinor has focused on ecodriving campaigns

promoting fuel economy-maximizing behaviours. More than sixty percent

of all airline passengers use public transport when catching a ight from

OSL, a higher gure than for any other airport in Europe.

Compensating for emissions

Since 2008, Avinor has compensated for its unavoidable emissions by

investing in UN-approved projects aimed at achieving corresponding

reductions in global emissions. In addition to reducing emissions, the

projects are designed to promote social and economic development. As a

result, Avinor is one of the rst airport operators worldwide to compensate

for its own greenhouse gas emissions. OSL adopted this practice in 2006.

Reducing emissions from aircraft

For the Norwegian aviation sector as a whole, 96 % of greenhouse gas

emissions are released from aircraft. Renewal of aircraft eets is therefore

critical for achieving sustainable aviation.

Measures that help reduce emissions from aircraft already in use include

engine washing, fuselage improvements, winglets, lightweight seats, in-

creased seating capacity and fuel-economizing technology. However, the

greatest climate gains are achieved by replacing old aircraft with newermodels.

When travelling from A to B by air, there are a number of factors that can

affect fuel consumption. At departure, while still on the ground, an aircraft

may have to wait its turn for access to the runway, or perhaps for de-icing.

At climb-out, the climb angle may not be optimal for fuel efciency. When

cruising, the available route may not be the shortest possible one, and

when approaching the destination, simultaneous arrivals may require an

aircraft to spend time ying in a holding pattern while waiting for its turn

to land.

Avinor and the airlines collaborate in a number of projects aimed at opti-

mizing in-ight fuel consumption that will result in signicant reductions in

greenhouse gas emissions from aviation. Regulatory changes and techno-

logical developments will both be important for emission reductions in

the years ahead.

Social and economic benefts

Due to the great distances within the country and to most destinations in

Europe, aviation is of critical importance to Norway.

Two main considerations have motivated the current airport coverage

in Norway: the management of the countrys resources and the political

goals of preventing rural depopulation and maintaining signicant settle-

ments in peripheral regions of the country. It is estimated that in Norway,

more than 60 000 jobs are directly or indirectly generated by the aviation

sector. The aviation sector is estimated to account for 4 % of the countrys

GDP.

Each year, 400 000 patients are carried by scheduled ights in Norway. Air

travel is of particular importance for the health sector in Northern Norway.

Aviation also allows nationwide participation in cultural events and sports

events.

Aviation is crucial for Norwegian businesses and for maintaining a de-

centralized population. In most cases, there are few alternatives to air

travel; it is estimated that only 6-8% of passenger transport by air can be

substituted by other means of transport.

FACTS ABOUT THE CLIMATE IMPACT OF AVIATION

Globally, aviation is responsible for just over 2% of greenhouse gas

emissions.

Domestic civil aviation is responsible for less than 2% of Norways

greenhouse gas emissions (about 0.9 of 55 million tonnes in 2007). It isonly this part of air trafc that is regulated by the Kyoto Protocol.

Greenhouse gas emissions from all jet fuel (bunker fuel) sold in Norway

in 2007 amount to about 2 million tonnes. This includes fuel for domestic

ights and for ights to the rst foreign destination. Similar reporting

from all countries provides the basis for calculating global emissions.

The Norwegian Institute of Transport Economics has estimated that

air travel by Norwegians in 2007 was responsible for a total of

3.4 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions.

The Kyoto Protocol does not address the effects of emission of all

types of greenhouse gases. To take into account the high-altitude

effects of aircraft emissions, a multiplier in the range of 1.2 and 1.8

has been suggested by CICERO, the Center for International Climate

and Environmental Research Oslo.

Read more in the report Aviation in Norway. Sustainability and Social

Benet at www.avinor.no


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sm gd hig hv dy hd. lg ivm i wb gy kig ciduy h bgu k cu i ghu g mii. nw w hv g uhgb wmig mximum w dg Ciu, mii mu b cu by u 85 c by 2i c w c dy. I m h w mu iv hviy i wb gy d gy fcic uig i u wihu Co2 cu d g. piici mu k ci mk hi w, hum big, v d cum, mu u hi.

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wk wih my khd, ci-y wihi h bui cmmuiy, id fd gd vim u-i d u hi immi. Imy c i i iduy d buih m cb uig h bcim mu i cic.

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Bellona presenterer 101 lsninger0

1mission-free and renewabLe

Lean energy Carriers. Uig c gy ci- i buidig, i d iduy wi y udi z-mii ciy. a cl

c p plc c pll .ciciy, hydg d h (wm w, wm i

d m) c gy ci. Bcu w b cu d m mii g-u g, uch mii m c m-d uc, h gy ym h uu hv b bd c gy ci. Ui

w gi i wb, c gy ci hv b ducd m mixu wb

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2modernise oLd hydro stations

great PotentiaL. Hydw g ixh h wd ciciy. I w mdi d hydcicw , hy c g v m ciciy.

I nwy, 99 c ciciy duci i hydcic, wb, ib d fxib ymwhich duc gy gi gi. th i w hydcic chm i h g- i h h wd wh gy dmd i iig quicky, uch i suh amic, ai d aic.I cui wh hydcic w i dy w bihd, g d c b gid by icig hcicy d uu h xiig w i. a pl, n lcc pc cl c 10 pc p p .

I h phiii, nwgi hydcic xi cmbi wih c xi. th w i iambuk d Big w bui i 1956 d 1960 civy, d wh h phiii bihd i wmy i 2001, h w gy u--d. I 2007 hy w bugh by h nwgi cmy snpw, wd by sk d nud. nw ik d w w y u w big bui. tubi,g d c ym b cd. sic sn pw k v, w ig cic hvud i w ug d h w c w duc ciciy 90 c h im, cmdwih 40 c i. I ddii, h mdii h m h cciy wi ic by bu 30c.

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3stoP Power LosseLeCtriCity is disaPPearing. B ciciy d h ch yu hu, g d gy h b udi ig d ig i. evy y, ciciy quig h duci my 500 c-wdw i di i hi wy.

th i g d ciciy v by mkig u gy ym m ci. thi i h c i diic hig. evy y u 19 000 w hu (tWh) ciciy gd gb-y, bu y 15 660 tWh d u big ud. I h wd, h i g i icd cicy ih gy ym. I chic m, hi c b vd i v wy, icudig iig h vg hgid, which wi duc . ah ui i ugd h d ubi. thi qui iic cmmimd ch. tmii cmi d b gud i uch wy h i wi b b imm iii-iv h ic ym cicy.

4Let a thousand windmiLLs turn

wind Power. Wid i , d by uig widmi w c cv h wid gy i c ciciy. ahyd cic w, wid w i h ch d m chgicy mu m wb gy.

Fm big m d iigic m gy y w dcd g, wid w w vid gy m h 25 mii huhd hughu h wd. th Gb Wid egy Cuci im h widw c b ib 16.5 c h wd ciciy d i 2020, d h hi i cic much 34 c i 2050.

Wih i mu d d g ci, C cpl c. C l -p cpc c l pc p us l ll.ex ugg h Chi h y bgu xi hi i.accdig mgic d cmic im, h i ugh wid m Chi gy d ui2030. si, Gmy d Dmk h big wid-w cui. th wid cdii mg h bi eu d h ici wih hydcic i cidb dvg.

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5every LittLe droP

smaLL Power PLants. sm w cm big bui i nwy h idcd h h g c hyd-dvm i v. sm w w gig uu hud 2,500 huhd.

Whi h g hyd-cic y ubicy wd, my m w wd by c dw d m. obi, m w cud b dydvig cui d i wh hyd-cic i h dy b sm hyd-cic dvm quivm d jc dvm i ihyd-cic hv h i icm d vid wb gy i wd d m iccib

6euroPes green battery

hydro Power as an energy storage meChanism. Hydcic i wih vi hv imuci i icig w duci m h wb gy uc uch wid d gy. Ic h chgi, hyd w c iy b ud d ddig wh w d i. I hiwy, hydcic w c b wichd wh h i wid, i u.

nwy uiqu gy uc. abu h eu hyd g cciy i ud i nwy.M h wb gy h i big dvd i eu h mm i imi, which m hh fxibiiy vidd by nwy hyd w i icuy im. Bh h w iduy d h nw-gi uhii biv nwy cud bcm mj x g w eu.


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Bellona presenterer 101 lsninger2 Bellona presenterer 101 ls

7he answer is bLowing in the wind

shore wind Power. th dvg xiig -h wid w h wid v h c i g d m b h d d h

vib gi g. 70 c h h uc i cvdy . th chg hwv. th imiy ci g c du

immu chgy. a shigh m sh, h Biih c, 88 widmid i h bd wi bgi u i 2011 d vid ciciy 220 000

uhd i h nk . th nwgi m sk d si jiyib hi h wid k. Bu hi wi b md cmdh h h Biih uhii hv h hi c . Z big cd wh i i hd wi yid 25 000 MW wid w. thi i

000 im m h sk h wid k i Bii, which di y i W.I w k hugh h g cci wid w i h nh s b bui h Biih d Gm id. th cui ivig hviy

y ig ubidi h wid w. th dvm bm-muddmi i cud iiiy h hw h nh s bi, wh h

ubi w c b bui dicy h bd. th d g hnwgi c qui fig m d m bu chgy, whichwi b uy dvd d cmiiv h 10-20 y.

a sp 2009, l h, l f ll, cl l l- pc f . th Hywidubi wi b d w-y id d vid m w bu hwfig widmi c b bui g c.

th dvm wb gy i eu wi ic dmicy -wd h y 2020, d i i icid h wid w wi b ib 50

c h gwh. tgh wih scd, nwy i h cuy i eu wihh g i h wid w. a udy m ev hw h hi gy divd m h nwgi i 14 000 tWh. thi i m g h wd ciciy duci! n hi wi b vim-y ib b dv, bu h i i vh mu.

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Vi br sATse sTorT p TilTAk Vi VeT nyTTer. Den lsningenjeg Vil peke p, er VinDkrAFT. Vi er omgiTT AV VinD sombAre VenTer p bli uTnyTTeT Til energiForml.

Igbg Gjum, d v nu g Ugdm

8the soLar-CeLL revoLution

9suPer-thin soLar CeLLs

10getting Paid

ConventionaL soLar CeLLs. a chgy h cuy h v h cim chg cii h bi m-c u dcd: w-bd c . th mi h idgwh h c iduy i h c bcmig dmicy ch d b.

th nwgi -gy cmy rwbegy Ci (reC) i mg h wd big-g ui w d . reC dv-m wk h cibud hug c duci.reC ccui hw h i v mk, uch J, aui d Cii, -c gy wib cmicy cmiiv wih w ubidiby 2012, d i m mk v i.

ov h y c hv bym c y bcu h chgyh dvd d h vum h icd, yreC Dic tchgy, eik su. s c ivy ucvi i. thi i i d mii- chgy, wihu mvig,dgu , su i u.

I wm iduiid cui, uch

si, J d h Us, id u m ciciywh h u i hiig bcu hy w km c by m i cdiiig. thi i id ig i dyig w-bd -cchgy g c.

LexibLe suPer-thin soLar iLm. Imgi h hu i bkig h d yu dw h bid gm hd. a h m mm, yu bgi -duc ciciy m c h uid hbid. thi i cic ci. t pc ll 2010.

th cvi w-bd wi cmii wih u-hi fxib c, iwhich m c, idium, ium d giumi id i, h h c c bb, d u d id uv uc. thi i vy miig m -c chgy whichc h duc c dmicy d hbyic h cmiiv gy. HydBuidig sym i mg h cmi dvighi chgy hugh i whi i ac s.ev hugh h widw bid h duc mg m hi cbi, i i hi m i-gd i m id buidig h wi hvh g i. th vii h uu i c hi d fxib h hy c b id wih ibuh.

inPut tari. ad schwzgg, h Cii, i w wig Gmy iducig d-i i m-c duc. I Gmy bh cmi hwidmi d huhd wih kw xcy wh hy gig bh ciciy hy g. th Gm h dd h ciciy cmi bh cc d y ic viidy ciciy. thi mk i im wb jc.

th icm w duc i d wh kid gy uc h ducciciy. I Gmy, ic, b ud my y by igv im high h h mk ic c pp l , l l l l-ppc.thi h giv i hgy iduy d mym ud ch, buidig d ii

gy quim.By m iu i (d-i), gvc xci g d ifuc chgi. Wih d-i ym, h duc icm i cu, whi h vumd hw civ hi icm i ivvd. I m cui, d-i yyidd g uu (d hh uhii d, whi h uum h xcd i h cui bubidy h b w.

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11make green good business

green CertiiCates. th bjciv g c-ic i ic h duci wbgy. th ym wk w. eciciy -duc cd g cic h mu ciciy hy g m w wbw . th uhii h md ciciyui buy ci umb cic. thcic quim d hw much wbgy h chm wi d . Icm m h gcic g cvig h dic bw

h mk ic ciciy d h c ivvdi ivig i w, wb duci.

swd h hd mk i g cicic 2003. a u y, h ym h d hdvm v 13 tWh wb ciciyducd m bi-gy, hyd-cic d widw.t pl j n-s cc 2012. thi jicic mk wi vid 25tWh w w-b ciciy by 2020. Wh d hw hi w -wb gy gi wi b bui i dmidby h mk. thu iici y g dcid hwmuch gy i b dvd, whi h mkdmi h chgy d h cic ic.th duc civ cic umb y. I swd hi i 15 y.

12the sun tower in seviLLe

ConCentrated soLar Power. s w i y hvd by m c hbu hugh -cd ccd w chgy which my gd h mig m cvig h u wu y i ub gy.

o h i uid svi,si, 115-m high cc w w bui i 2006. Fm h gmvb mi fc h u wd i h h w, hw i h icu. th bi w d h m div ubi which g ciciy. th m c b d d cduc ciciy u, hu vig h mi bm w gi c y b ducd wh h u i hiig. By 2013 w wi duc ugh ciciy svi 180 000 huhd. t l c 600 000 C

su dih, mbig tV i dih, h miig ccd -w ch

gy i guidd wd h c-i h dih d chd wd i mi h ch h. My dih c b ud imuuy m g u k. si y c h dvm ccd gy, bu h chgy i gb. rch kig d . s dii bmbd h d wih m w i h cu ix hu h ui h wd u i y.

sdig -gd ciciy m h d h h wd i ju wid cicid. thi umm, 12 Gm cmi igd gm buid v ccd i i h sh. th g i h h w wi uy 15 c eu ciciy hugh ud cb. Ciic y h h jc wi cum g mu w i id hg. th sh F pjc (dcibd i hi mgzi), cmbi ccd wih -w ghu. th ygy bw h chgi mk i ib cuc i h d h d cum c uc h w.


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13eLeCtriCity rom wood

o-Power PLant. I i w kw h i i vi-y bci g ciciy m w i

ydcic w i. Bu did yu kw h w g vimy-idy ciciyd h m wd?

t egi i my xm swd-h xcc i m xiig bi-gy. thi

m gy cmy bi-w gvimy-idy ciciy m bk, hvigd h wd. th wd i bud, hig w. th

m div ubi which g ciciy. thic duc ci mu x hhich c b ud i diic hig chdh bi-w . thi h buidig h

hwi wud hv b hd by ciciy. a-h, h bi-w i t g ughciciy m h d 500 vg nwgi

uhd.n h wd m hud b ud hi

u. a i vub uc h ci y di . th m vub i h uk i. thi c b ud mucu duc hwi wud hv b md m i, m-ig yu c d bu uh i hi mgzi.

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14eLeCtriCity rom s aLt water

15CatCh the wave

osmotiC Power: I d cy by h h t i Huum, ju uid o, sk h buih wd mic w i gdi- w gi i.acc s, ll-l pclcc ll pl 1600-1700 tw , ql l eu c pc. omic w cud umwb gy uc uch w d widw.

omic w i wb d z-miigy uc which sk h b cducigch y. eciciy i gdby xiig h gy h i d wh hw d w cmbi. By ig h wy wih mmb, mi i ud ich u h w id. th u hbuid u i quiv h gy ducd m 120-m w.

omic w i duc ciciy udh cck. thy d dd h u hiig, hwid bwig h i ig, y mic w

c si eik skihg i sk.I ici, mic w c b bui y i wh h w u u i h . I i z mii chgy h c b igd ixiig idui .

a mic w wi bby b h iz b dium d div ugh w 30 000eu huhd. th y h d -cy t i Huum h imid duci cc-iy d i imiy ud ig d dvm.sk h h h dmi cb bui y 2015.

wave Power. ay wh h wum i big wv h hi w. thugh wv w w c xih c i h duc ciciy. Bcuwv ciuu d bcu ui icud wh hy cvd i ciciy, wvw i wb d vimy-idyuc gy.

Ju ud h uc, h vg wv gy iv im m ccd h h wid gy20 m bv h w, d u 30 im mccd h h iiy h u dii.th u cdii h gd cm-mci xii wv w, which c bcm igic ddii my c i gyduci.

Hwv, h dvm wv w i i y g, d i by i cmmci -i ywh i h wd. nl, pl c c-l.o m 20 eu cmi, h p-mi Wv Fm h cm h uh. th pmi

pjc, h wd cmmci wv-w g-ig , w uchd h pugu cw y g. th ci h 140-mg d 3.5-m hick ug-ik i, ch u-d by u fi chmb. Wh h i id i h wv, kiic gy ccu whichi d vi um ubi, which i ug ciciy. Wv w h mugb i quiv y h i wdciciy cumi, ccdig th Wd o-h rwb egy r 2002-2007.

16heat rom the earth

geothermaL energy: I h c h mu i ud 4200 dg. By dw i h h cu, i i ib h hh d u i gy u.l , l pl c . I i w m ducd i bu 25 cui, d i dvcd i h Us, e svd, C ricphiii d Icd.

I Uhchig i suh Gmy, w i w cy d whichh ciyCO

2-mii by w-hid. G

dy h v uch w i ibu hi u w chgy, cdym, which c b ud i h wd mk h gy xci m w i m ci.

Ghm gy i ivy ixd vimy-idy, bu hicd wh cic mchgy h widd h c cid

i icu h bd h xci hig. o h dvg ghi h i i cy vib, d wid w. Ghm w ghu g m wihi h h, mii w ui gy hcvi i u.

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18Power in the ebb and Low

19steaLing heat rom th

17raw musCLe Power

tidaL Power. ahugh id w i uc gy h i w dvd, v hvcy b bui k dvg h ugvii u h u d m h c.tl p p c pc .

tid gy c b xid i w wy. o ibd h high dic bw high d wid. W i d high id d u hugh cvi hydcic w w id.thi mhd i imid ci i which h i g id g, vic dic bw id.th h mhd i xi h d d m id cu, i h wd h kiic gy id w. a , id gy jc d ccu jc i dvm g.th nwgi ciciy cmy Hmmsm id y id w i Kvud i Hmm i 2003. th bwscd d h oky Id i uib c-uci ud 40 id w ubi, d h i Hmm sm uy 40 000 Biih

huhd wih w m 2011.

heat PumPs. I i cd i h ndic cum high cumi gy hby v h gy ud by buidihig d h w.

H um c h duc hi cu c 75pc pp. H um mk i ib m w high mu vi cd uid, h i h gy h csm h um wk igh dw -30 dCiu. I ici, h um u h gy ig, bu i h iWh ig u wm i u , h h um u wm i i h hugh h h um u ciciy i cu h im much gy i u

I i ib xc hi h m uc. egy i ud i h m hh, , gudw d bdck. I i divid h um i h cgiw d w-w. a i-i h um

h m h i uid d div wid. a w-w h um, hwvh m w gudw d u w i di f hig y

meChaniCaL energy CaPture. Why dd ugd mid ciciy wh yu c chg uyu mbi h m3 y yu, ju bymvig? o hw bu dc f h igh uwh yu dc i?

b r L c l c cl, c lll l p f. th f uci big g, d m h vibi m hdc i ciciy h igh u h f.

th bdy g g d w i hcu dy, d w ui cybig dvd mi hi gy c-ic gdg. Mbi h chg ciywidd. sm md d h bdy h h gy gd by yu bdy whi wkig,uig dcig i mid chg. ahkid chg civ w m h wh i ciy-digd y c. Cuy, chg vy ci yu hv b h mv bw d ix hu i d bi m15 miu u chg yu h. th

xci! nvh i gd wy k ih d h m im -chg yu bi.

photo

itckht

photo

nkkThu


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20n the warmth o the sun

oLar thermaL CoLLeCtors. C yu imgihwig i w hd by h u? thi i ibv i cd uch i h ndic cui. yu d i hm cc id yu hu. lik , hm

c xi h y h u. t c l l pl lcc, ll cllc p . t

c .Wh h u y hi h hm cc,

i hd d guy ym u h w ciu cicu g h uighg ugh ic h w mu.

h hm cc xi h gy m dii d dd h m-. thi m h hy c duc h i wi, g h i uhi. sic h u hi hm cc i idh h i i d hig, h h w id u i iud k h-g ciiy h h gy i vib i id wihu

uhi.

photo

enoVA

21dinner in the sunshine

soLar Cookers: ov 100 000 ug m Bhu hv b ivig i h uh n ic 1990.I h w y, m d m hm hv gid cc ck d i. thiim bu civ -c chgy v h c m big idd i h hu wd dh dmicy ducd h u ckig.

i c, pp l l. 2.6 bii i dvigcui ck wih chc, gic w wd, ccdig by h Ii egy agcy(Iea). a umb cui u i u uch d . Icd u ck yid igic vim b huhd.

th hh b i g. evy y my 1.3 mii , imiy wm d chid, dimuy du id ui cud by buig bim. I h n ug cm, ck

vidd by h Un hv cd h bu. th i i h ug cm h bcm b d hihbi hv w iy i.

th w y ck. o y i bic dih h fc h u y dicy cy-cd which quicky ch high mu. th h y which i m cmm, hwv,i h im bx ck i which h i cd i iud bx wih g ic id d fc-iv id. th u h i bbd by h . th nwgi J Bhm cy w h Fici timCim Chg Chg wih hi Ky Bx cdbd ck. th iui hw wm -ig d h miy wih h w bic ck i h ug cm n. th ck h bud vy miu. I k bu 55 miu ck vg miy m.

photoChdbd/pa/FlxFatu

22ComPLete rubbish

CoLLeCting methane gas: s p i h g ciy i Bzi d im duc hi ghu-g mii wih 30 cy 2012. By ccig mh g m h ciy w i, mii hv dy b ducd by 20 c.

m , c 22 pl CO2, pc cp

i md by h dcmii ci y gic mi. 60 c mh ud i h vim h b chugh hum civiy, ciy gicuu. Mh g m d i ib w c h wd v micim g d h w h d u i d ciu duc mh miimum 30 y. s p k h iuy. th ciy d i cvd wih h d ic h h mh c g c i h mh. d d bud, ducig ciciy my h ciy 19 mii ihbi.

Mh m d i c b cycd d ud h, ciciy, iiz u. 85 c h gy d h cUiviy nw Hmhi i h Us, cuy cm m h tuky d i by. I Icd, mh g m h a b w bu, hi w uck, w h uck d 110 iv c g ud h id wihu h u nwy d h eU, i i w bidd hw dcmb ubbih d i. I my dvig cui, d which i xcd ic wih iig dd ivig. F hi , m d m d i giig Un-vd c h cci mh g. th qu d h ii qu mk d mk ccig mh b


12/42


23LoCaL ProduCtion, LoCaL use

maLL energy systems. I ehii, y ch ui h cc ciciy. acc

gy i igic c i iig u vy. Bu i ehii, 80 c h uiv i vig, m h cuy w gid. thui my u, dvig cui i mduci ui vig c dmd, h hg, cizd d gid.thi h b d i h vig rm 240m h ehii ci addi abb. th

uy g gy jc i iud ii vig. sic 2007 h hu i h vig

v b quid wih by i-i gii. nw u chid c d himwk i h vig, bcu w hv igh.hy vy hy, y eh t . rm h i w ch, h Ii s egy

ch (Ises), h i - gi.F h k vy uu i i im h

vig cui g dicy m ciciyc ciciy. ou wh i bd h c

idui vui d h i u dy.

h d c gy hud cm h xgwh i dvig cui. I i hm h ci mchim bihd

ugh which why cui ubidiz h ci-d c.

photo

pttkW/pa/FlxFatu

24seL-suiCient sams

Joint inanCing. thk h iib dmii hui d h bi i ji ivm, hm id sm i Dmk i -uci uig wb gy.

twv y hv d ic hi gy jc w bihd i sm, d dy 10 h wid-mi, 11 h widmi d u diic hig vid h id hig d ciciycumi. i c, pc lcc l p c 80 l-l l l. thi i h quiv h gy quim bu 4,000huhd.

s Hm, h Mgig Dic sm egikdmi, h b ivvd ic h jc du i 1997. H xi: My k h b mk h jc migu . W hv mgd hwh ihbi h i wi b b iv i wb gy. I , w hv ivd 420 mii Dih

k v 10 y, dividd mg 4200 id. th w c i-ud c d c- wih big, d i d cic-c chgy.

th sm Muiciiy h cd bw h ivm d vidd guy h h id u cid hig . th id hmv hv ivd 36 mii k i wid-mi. Fu h v h widmi jiy-wd by 450 iv idividu sm; h c hhy hv g gh w h h cibud mkig h jc vib. I ddii h wid wd cid hig, gy i ud sm. I nvmb, s Hm civd h nb-iz h vim mvm, h 2009 Ghbug piz, hi wk h sm jc. H wi uh iz my wi bk bu h jc d c w id h x dcd.

photonckyb/rdux/FlxFatu

25inteLLigent eLeCtriCity

26store energy

27the good examPLe

smart grid. a iig ciciy gid which wih yu cu cumi, u d givyu w ciciy bi: scic ci --buh?

a m gid i cci di ui,bu iy i i m ig d uigh ciciy i m iig wy. a xm hi i h umic mum d mgm ciciy cumi, h h u civ gui vigh v h mu ciciybig ud, wh i i ud d hw much i c. thid i h yu c dju yu ciciy cum-i by m umic uci dd mh ciciy ui. t l lcc cp, c lcc l c ll cp c.

sm i dy h wy, uch iBud, Cd. I My 2008 h ciy w uchd h Us sm-gid ciy d i udyw iiid. 50 000 h ciy ihbi wccd m gid. My hv id

hi , m div cic c dm hm c c h ighig d hig ihi hu vi h i. evy hud b i ii k y hi w cumi, di du cu hi w cb i, hk h m gid. Wh w i Cd hd-w hw h Us gy uy cud b chgd i iig wk. evuy, h idividu huw c i c bcm ciciy ui,

ju cum.

energy storage. W cy hig hw mu duc u gy cumi, bu hvyu cidd hw im i i b b gy?

rl l p : c l l. I i h im b b hi gy h i c b udwh h v gy cumi i high dhu duc h d uig g c-dw. th chg, hwv, i d gd wy ig gy u ch cck.F h mm, bi h m widy udm gy g, bu hy hv hi imi-i i m i xccy d cciy. Fuhdvm by chgy i h im d cu . I, ic, h Duchm og mg i i w ihium bywih h quii h hy yig ,hi wi m mi vui i h d. th mcim h i c c by wih u 30 yi xccy, xmy h chg im, g

g cciy d ivy w wigh. tim wi whh hi i ib. oh iy gdgy g ym h big chdicud hydg, gud w, ggic h, iu, w g d fywh.

CityPLanning.sompoplr luckynouorwih clnh.In numbrofpiloprojcroundhworld,hnvironmniinrighfromdyon.In omplc,forininglbuildingi builwihoun nvironmmn.

mlsh uhhh

cuhuhuhl.VrHformrindurilr,conininghKockumIll bgnwihhdciionolocheurhouingxhibiionBo01in hirin2001.wcologiclndhumnuinbiliyndgovrnmnllocd pproximly250milkronro vriounvi ronmnliniiiv.

VrHmnnhfocudronglyoncologiclndconomicdurbiliy.thnwbiupplidwihnrgyollyfromrnwblnillyun,windndwroghrwihw.a lrgprofhhingforhrfromhndfrom nurlubrrnsolrhrmlnrgyilo ud.elcriciycprimrilyfromwindpowr.

anohrxmpli MdrCiy,locd3ouidabuDhbi,wihn mbiionorcnion.Mdrmnourcin arbic,io bcom globlnginin hdvlopmblnrgy.MdrCiywillcovrix qurofdr.Ifvryhinggoccordingoplpoplnd 1500compniwillblocdh2015.Mdrwilldmonrhi ipouinblmnnrwhilincringhquofhciyinhbin.thprinciplliddoprojcinclud:zromiion,olrcyclinuinblrnporion,xniv uofl,loclly-producdfoodnduinblundnrgy,hlrofwhich willbobinun,windndw.

photo

itckht

photo

itckht


13/42


From desert to oasis #2W o b pt. T t f ot of two-t o-t . W

b of t wt; ow t k of f wt o of o tt ob .T b to t pt. O ot b tt, ot b fotw t k b , t t t w z. i ot

wo, w pt of wt t.Fo pt o fo to t wt t to of f wt T s Fotot, wt t to k . T pot ot of q obto ofoo w tt t po, k t pob to k f wt fo t

wt, t t t po foo, o t t p wt tto.


14/42


28Greenhouses aGainst the Greenhouse eFFect

o-mimicry. a cu hud y g, g h sh w cvdh vgi. By uig u w mhd, h d dc c gi

cvd wih vgi. Why mimic u wh w cig uuui gy ui? Bi-mimicy i h m giv h mhd hich h sh F pjc (sFp) i bd.th mi i which h jc -w ghu, cc-

d gy, d h cuivi dii c g wih gy cuch g. th g i h hi cmbii d chgi wi u dy wi bcm i by uig w i h w hugh

cmicy vib vim jc.c g p p f g pp f.

f g, p f . t p,

p g gg g. t f f p -g g ,

--g p, q g f .th buy h sh F pjc i h yu c my ici m

u, v dmg iicd by uuib hum ug d u bd i bigicy duciv d, y Mich pwy.Michl pwlyn i on of th world lding bio-rchitct, foundr of exlor-

on architctur, nd on of th rtnr of th shr Fort projct. H rvioulyignd th fmou edn projct in Cornwll, englnd, in which th vriou rt of th

uilding contin thir own co-ytm. In th shr Fort projct h h formd rtnrhi with th riz-winning dignr of th swtr Grnhou, Chrli pton,

rctor Bill Wtt from Mx Fordhm Conulting enginr nd th Bllon Foundtion.

nu mg ifi umb k wihu cig w. I i uch ym h h u wih c. th chgi w d.Ccd gy i dy ud i h wd g -w .s-w ghu hv b id u i viu c, icudig iti d om.

thugh h sh F pjc, cui i h uh c duc, di im h x, hi w c gy h h imig diy i-ugy, y h id h B udi Fdic Hug.

I h cu 6 hu h wd d civ m gy h hwd ui u i y. a umb iiiiv imig bgi ig

hiCO2- uc gy hugh ccd w. th chgywi i my c cum g mu w d much h gy i h. th sh F pjc wi b g-c dvm cc-d w i which h uu h i ud cv w i hw. th ym hby c g uu h w h c b ud iig b .

Ilustrationg

erlja

29cultivation without Fresh water

30alGae

seawater Greenhouses. th ui i im,id d d, ixiv d mk i ib cuiv c -y-ud i m h wdh c. sw ghu b hcuivi c wihu ddig h w. sw i vd -cd vi m, w cdbd w, hu mvig h hm im h i bcm dm, d much 15 dg c h i h h d u. thc, dm cdii i h ghu m hh c mg wih vy i w. th uucdd h w c b ud wig c, h u. thi im c, cid ui h w ghu, mimic u ww cyc i which w i hd u by h u,v, d m cud b uig hh i h m i.

cultivation oF alGae. Bigic mi gy u c b im cibui hmii ciy h uu. Hwv, h duci mu cm i cic wih d ducu-u dwidig uc h w. ag d w gy c c b mg h uichg.

Much u i v ci bii-y-d g h hv uk h bd d bi i. th g h hv giv u i, d vim bm. M d m bcuivi g c b mg h uu gy d vim ui. I 2009 v iiu igh wih g-bd u i h k. Bh i Bii d h i U.s. g mu ubi big imu ch d dvm wk, wih h g iig g-c cduci g.

ag mg h -gwig gim kw m d icuy uy bcdii ud which hy gw. thy c gw i h w, w w w. thy gw h uuib gwig d, d h d cm i cic wih d ducicvi . ag cuivi c b ivy ixiv d im wy ducig vy-idy gy i cui. rh h buyig xiv d di y i, cui c w u d h m gy. ag c b ud dd (im d), u d ii.

ag i cmm m ud dcib hud di ci. M h hi chd. swd i mc-g, bu m ci g c b wih h kd h md mic-g. th cuivi mic-g c ccu i ym uch md, i -cd h-bic. I h sh F pjc, bh ui h bm wia g uiiz uigh hugh hyhi. a w w, hy dCO

2d ui uch

d hhu i d gw. ag cuivi i ich i ig d hhu cud h

c ui, w ciu uu uc vimy idy gy.

photo

Bellona

sahara FOresT PrOjecT synes vre eT veldig inTeressanT eKsemPelP en mer inTegrerT Og helheTlig FilOsOFi vi KOmmer Til Trengemye mer av i FremTiden, Om vi sKal Klare gjre energien, vanneTOg indusTrisysTemene vre mer BreKraFTige.

adi pibg, eU gikmmi


15/42


On the ROad tO Clean tRanspORtatiOn #3h totto cto ob o 13 ct o ob hou- mo. emo ow y mo mo o th wo hbtt b to buy c o c umb o oo b tot.Fotuty th outo tht w uc both CO

2mo oth outo om th c-

o. ectc c h o mo whto, but ot oy tht: th ctc c u oy qut much y to- c! ectcty c b t wthout mo both omwb y ouc om o u wth CO

2ctu to. O th oow

w t th b o th ctc c outo. ectc my c, ht-oo hc

ot c o th wy to th mkt.Obouy, btt ctc moto cot b u ywh. W bo o ou-o tht cb o t mo o totto. Ct o ot h oom o mo c qu mo- ubc totto. B, my o u wou bft om bk to

wok. Hh- t c c hot-hu tfc, wh w om o utb bou cc o u oth tfc. i th o tm, h c u hyo whch oucy tm xhut.i th cht w t outo o th totto cto. som o thm t tt,

wh oth t b o.


16/42


31Be pRaCtiCal - dRive eleCtRiC

leCtRiC CaR. 0-100 i 6 cd, m v du d w chid d gd g m w. s---, y d qui. Wh w kig bu? a cic c, cu.t crc cr r r com o m omo cm-r r-

oro. B or m o r o o m o c c cr br roomr o b. Hwv, hi i m h i uh: h gi cic c

md dmic imvm. th c w hv dcibd bv i dm, bu i h x md hcic-c mucu t, cmy h dy duc cic c wih d 130h d g 220 mi. Fdic Hug, pid B, w h h c m h cy, which h

cib i i h cic-c mk.th d icud h h high mc d gd g, c chg quicky d b -

c h wud digh y -c hui. ad w, t h digd g vhic h wi cmh high c. Dvm hi md i w dvcd d h c wi b h d i 2011.sic B bugh nwy cic c i 1989 h hv b mdu dvm i mchgy, gui d uiy. M d m ch cic c bcu hy cic,

cmic, u d vimy-idy. My cui wu iciv u cic c,cudig divig i bu , kig, d w x.th i i g wy g b h cic c y k , bu i i hm i ickig u. B

i 10 c c i nwy b cic c ug-i-hybid by h y 2020. thi wi quiwu iciv. W w cug h u cic c, h mii- iv. Gv- hud i h yig d i vu cic c, xm, by uig h -wd bui

hm. I i im dv h cy iucu, wih gd cvg chgig i id chgig. Ju im gvm iciv, i h h c iduy which d

hv h vii mv wy m i u. W mu hik h.

photo

KnutBy

32Re-ChaRge yOuR BatteRies

BatteRy ChaRging. so og he od d exchgeyou emy c bey wih u oe? tke 45 miuebek o chge he c i he midde o og jouey?advceme i eecic beie ee ieeigoibiiie whe you you k i he uue. Rpdcr dpd o cc o -cpc c-

rc pp d dmd ck cb. I i meo geig much owe oibe io he bey quicky oibe. rid chge mke i oibeo ubiy icee he eecic c diu tecim h i ew eecic c c be chged i 45 mi-ue. a we-deveoed ewok o id-chge be wiequie ugdig o he eeciciy gid i my e,o e i he viciiy o ho d eu. I iikey h c owe wi y o he bi o udighe eeciciy gid hough y--you-go geme he chgig io.

the c bey eeciciy uie i oheexciig coce. Whe he eeciciy gid i uded o o-ced m gid he gid o he uue uicoued o he ewok wi be be boh o coec ddeive eeciciy. I ohe wod, whe you ug i you

c igh, he bey yem wi eceive iomiobou uy d demd; i c e eeciciy whehee i high demd d high ice, uch i hemoig, d buy whe i i che, uch i he middeo he igh.

Bey exchge i o mog he uggeio oeue coiuou owe. I ke ie ime o chgeu c, o oe ouio coud be o o uomicexchge io whee he ow bey i imy keou d eced wih oded oe. Bee pce h goehe uhe wih hi ide, d he comy i demo-ig he echoogy i Demk d Ie. Beyexchge wi equie h c uig hi echoogywi eed o hve comibe beie. thi c eiy bechieved by eig iduy-wide dd.

photo

rWe


17/42


33gasOline-eleCtRiC vehiCles

plug-in hyBRids. Wih h c d chc-iic m miy c, w uig c, w w mii, m buy w c ugh k gd k ug-i hybid. thi i cicc h i dd u m h ciciy gid, buwhich h gi h c chg h b-i, div h c. thi c b m cmbuigi u c. thi y hybid i gig u b h vui ui i h c iduy d hmj mucu dvig hi w md.th cmmci ug-i hybid cm hmk w h Chv V, g wih i eui md, h o am. t cr c ror 60 m bor combo c .t r o r r cr, oroom or r .

pug-i hybid hv w g dvg: hy - g g h h cic c dy dhy ch h h high-uic dy. Ccui md by h mucu- h V d am hw h ciciy cc b w ixh h c

quiv c (ddig h ic ciciyd gi). ev hugh h c y u -i u, hy g wd i m vimy-idy chgy. a bibcm m ci d ch, cic-wddivig wi b b xic, wih imvdvim mc. I h uu, c u-ig hydg d biu wi gy b hybid.W biv h hi chgy wi b ig vud h wy h dvm v mvimy-idy vhic.

photo

gMCo

34ChaRgeR On the CORneR

35think Big

ChaRging statiOns in new Buildings.thi iiiivmy m vuiy, highy iviv.Bu i i vh vy civ wy mki im h wh div cic c, d cug m mk h chgm hi d cmbui gi. a ighw dgui h qui h ii cic-cchgig i i w buidig ci izwi y cug m u cicc, bu d im ig h guii udm ciy h ii wgy cmy. I h m m h h quim ig wg, vii diui, h hud b udm udd-ig h h cic c i gig b v-,w my w b d i. F h cuciiduy hi wi ivv i x wk bu imidc.

Mass puRChase O eleCtRiC CaRs. thi icig h duci vum cy vhic. Bu h i Cch 22 iuif cum wi buy cic c u high mc cic c vib b c. s wh c w d?

W kw h gui i i h i cic c h diciv icud cuig dui c kig wih ciii by chmii div i bu . a h i i vid h h ubic c c d ciy i i vhic f ucho m crc cr or bo o o r mm rr bo r rc rco or crccoom o c roco rorr m cooc r o r.

sv cui hv dy bim h cic c hud b h chic ubic uch. th Biih Gv

xm, h k c c quiig h h ubic c u cimvhic. th p oc i b quidmii vhic, h ic uig hyc imi hv b id dw mi ubic vhic. Fud hv b buid chgig i cic c. th m h immd h muduc h mii ghu gmii vhic u u h c cmic c i h g


18/42


36dRiving with daisies

BiOuel. By h mjiy h u h i ud i c dy cm m diy, d i. th c h uumu b wd by ciciy much ib, whi hvy-gd i, hiig d viimu u biu hydg.

Bih c b md m imb, m uch c ug. I Bzi bu h -div u bih, my mucud m ug. I o, 21 bu u bihducd m wd Bgd. Bo mcr rom o-rc c o or r.sco-ro coo o o o roc bo rom oo.

Biu miCO2

cmbui, bu ic h hv bbd qu mu CO2

hugh h-yhi, h u i iy gdd cim-u. nvh, bcu h mucuig ci cu mii, h vim c m bi-u i my bw 40 d 80 c h i u. Wk i big cid u dv chgy which wi w biu b mucud m viy bigic mi uch g. Big i h m mh i ibiiy divig v-hic. I h swdih ciy likig, h ciy bu cmy u v g-div bu which u mhducd by h ciy wg ym. accdig h uhii h jc i b d i b xdd.

photo

itockhoto

37eMissiOn liMits

38sky and sea!

39get lOCO-MOtivated

vehiCle eMissiOn standaRds. thi i bihdmhd imiig ghu g mii mvhic d icig vhic cicy. ao-r r c r o mcCO

2

cr c m r m, om cor omc cr c r m. th ym g guidi h vhic iduy. I wdi which mii quim cy bigighd, d h-u i u ivc i y dcd wy, h dd c-ig c mucu hik w d dvw chgy.

I wi b y b gb mii ym ii c. th eU h iducd dd h h Uswi i v y, di igh,w amic mii gui. Bu h ym igduy giig hd d wi b vy imi vig h gwh CO

2mii c w-

hi ic. Chi h iducd vy gmii gui d Idi i gig iducmii dd i 2011.

algae fuels.Iduiy-oduced bioogic meih c ge e i he i, wih cbo ooi e h h o ody how coo i h? no wodeiie e ieeed.

Mo o ody bioue e mde om cui-ved o d h coud hve bee ued o ood oduc-io. a he me ime, he eed o oduce moe oodwi icee dmicy he gob ouio i-cee, d hee wi be ce imiio o how muchbioue c be oduced uiby wihou he ueo eiey ew echique d eouce. theeoe,idui oducio o biomei, eeciy ge,i icuy ieeig. Mico- ge beed oih-igy quicky d c coi high oi yied. Comedwih diio co, ge c oduce 30 ime moeeegy e ui e. age c o be cuived o dh i uuibe o diio mig. Gowi g gei we-uied o ho, uy, dy cime ike dee.

lge commeci oduce hve edy begu odeveo echoogy o oduce biodiee d viioue om ge. seve e figh hve bee ciedou hi ye. the Us Deme o Deece h begu

igic eech d deveome ogmmedieced owd he oducio o viio ue omge. Mi pogd i sas i mog hoe iduyede wih ge execio o bioue. He y hsas go i o oee o 50 ece bioue which wiubiy educe geehoue g emiio omviio. thi i eeme i sas o hve hecbo ooi o hei ege by 2020.

like sas, Boeig mgeme o beieve hge-bed ue hve huge oei ouce oviio ue. Boei g d sas, ogehe wih eveohe iie, beog o gou omoig he deveo-me d commeciiio o uibe bioue oviio.

high-speed tRain. I yu g bd hld ju bk yu hdy hv ck b yuv ivd i pi. Wiim by w hu bw h w i i y m vimy i v im i cmi wih fyigr r b oo or rormor c. thy gy iy u wb gy uc d wih bh c d . th dvhigh-d i i d h u gd c m d i. a cui hv udd h dvgd J, suh K, si d Fc ciuuy dvig high-d thi i y d vim bcu i h b hw h i b. Ivm c high, hqui iic wi.

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itockhoto

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itockhoto


19/42


40MaRt tRaiC

iCient tRanspORtatiOn. Fu ic ic-g, h i m c h d d -

i cig w mii ici. I i hcy mk i, gd d , ci ib. th m iigi ym (Its) cv viu ym u imi d cmmuici chgymk i m ci.Its c cibu b u uc,

u h chic vimy-idy m

i d h wih h chic u ivv h m vim imc. such

ym c igicy imv c y. -co its o o r

c cro c b o o rccr o. Imi i vib wh d d civ gd d c imv cicy y h i i buh wh giic ym.th i icig i i h iduciIts d g umb di chgi

big dvd. th icd u iigi ym wi b c m k mk uu i c, dm.

i dag er deT ingen av verdens viKTigsTe ledere sOM TKliMaendringene i Tvil. deT er eTTer Min Mening deT aviKTigsTe i KaMpen FOr Begrense de Farlige KliMaegene.

eik shim, Mij- g uviki

41a pRiCe On the ROad

42eet nOt stReet

43sMaRt dRiving

ROad ChaRges. pu imy, hi m div y hi d ug d h d vim dm-g. thi c b d hugh d , uh-huchg h cgi chg. a moro bo ro cr o fc m c cr r o b ro, i d imi quuig which d gCO

2mii.

rd chg ud i my c. F xm, uh-hu chg h vi m 0 20 k hvd civ i sckhm wh i h ducdh umb vhic ig ch dy by 22 -c. I ld, cgi chg h cugdm u ubic i, imvdc fw, d ducd vhic mii.

I i im h gd ubic-iym i i c b d chg iducd.Wihu gd iv i i dicu gi vi-m b m h ym. Bu ch dxic hw h gd ubic-iym i w i ugh d igi-c duci i c u. t gi vimc qui igic ugdig ubic -

i cmbid wih ci mchim, i.. x dicug u h iv c.

leave the CaR at hOMe. th gu c: ivc ib 12 c hCO

2mi-

i i h eU. Whi mii gig dw ih c, vhic mii ciu ic.th i dub h h vim wud bm duci i h u c. a h m imw kw h ciy wihu c i uiic. Buhi u c b imid.Vub i w ubub Fibug i Gmy. thubub w cd b uib md h ciy . I hu bui b gyci ib. Vhicu c i imid h mi , g which h m h c Fibug u. th kig , bu hy xiv d cd h uki h ciy.p u bik, wk k h m. i c, cr-r cr o m r 70rc o oo o m o cr .

Yu d d g h id Vub iv i ighy m vimy-idy hi. Bu chg iud i cy,

d h uddig wh w cuydig wh w u h igii ky. t qu mh Biih w th Gudi: o-qu c juy i h w mi. By wkig 3km yu u u bu h h gy i m b chc. th m dic by c xd 10 im much gy bu m h wg uc.

th i icig di iv i vi-my-idy m. th iiiiv hmk i m mig duc hi wCO

2mii xmy im, ic,

h xi h ubic i wk,b bicyc h, v mui cycig wk.

eCO-dRiving.My u v c d my hc i h ymb dm. Bu hi dm v bd i h muh wh i i i u hmk h c mv. B i wkig mk hi c mii-, bu ui h -i hv b kd h i i mhig yu cd h h vim, v wih h c h yuw hv. B m m jm o r o c rc crCO

2mo b

b 10 20 rc. ec-divig i ciybci d duc vim c. thi i g i c, hi, bu duck. sas h ju uchd w chiqu dig hi which v u d cuCO

2

mii. F h u wh ii i,h m uu i:

U h high ib g d ki vm g wh hiig u.

U h cc hughuy, d i wh gig dw hi.

avid vig h c idig.

p yu divig u d chdu. avid ucy u ck d ki bx. eu cc i u d c vicig. U gi-bck wm wih im wich

i mu ud 5 dg Ciu. Cid h vim wh buyig c

d cig u.

photo

JohnM

photo

itockhoto

photo

itockhoto

44Bus de luxe

high-quality Bus seRviCes. Imgi m mig; yu wk h bu , which mb m, d i dw i uuuy g bu wih x-g d. I div quicky wy m hd dw h d, which i my c c. Yu c wch d quu c h djc ud h bu ck, whi yu g wk i cd im g h ddicd bu . thi i h uu i i iy hud cmmu v h wd.

h-r b ro r r o rm r . t o o rrrcr om c co r. F hi , my cuicmi hv dd uch ym ubic i. o xm i h Cumbi ciwhich bui high-dd bu u i h y 2000, wih u ddicd bu . sv h cli amic, aic d ai hv bihd bihig imi ym.

High-dd bu u u chic i m ciy . a w-dvd ubic-wk ud m ch m vimy-idy i iva h m im, w kw h m bu u di. th mu h b g cu dm cim-idy chgi bu.

ecic bu gy idic -cd y bu which, ik m, civ ciciy vhd cb. th y bu h bviu imii, viu y by-wd bu dvm. I ddii cic bu w d dv h w-mii z-mii cuch hydg vimy-idy bi-u.


20/42


45Meet Online

46BaCk tO the age O sail

47CaptuRed By the sea

deO COneRenCes.Wih u buy chdu i ig i hv d hu vig, h mig wih cgu. Vy myk-d juy c b cd by vidig. th ici i im. th viu dgh mig cu hmv u i hi c-

v c d c ch h wih h h c. Mig m y b hd --, viiv pC c, g cc i migm wih my dg i di c. Fm

vim civ, v i gdvg.a eu ror o o cor-c r mo mor it oo or rcO2

mo.I ddii, i mk ci h cmy bcu juy c bh im dy.B u vid cc ib

d w wih u h my h cmi dig . ou xic i h xiv u d mig mk i i gi mig

c i d ci budi. thy m ci. F u vid cc i wi-

ui.

ull sail: Imgi ci hi i wy vh aic. th, imgi ki-u Mdi- bch. C yu imgi cmbii hw? W c.

smim h k bck i d kwd, d h uy xciig wy cig m vimy-idy hiig iduy h b vig ui: wid w i.

thi i m uig d-hidch ci v h aic,bu uig md, ki-ik i diy cghi. th cmy skysi mucu uchi d mi vig i u cumi bw 10 d 35 c, d hvig whwid cdii c.a m or bcom mor oo r or or rom.

a h mm h chgy i i ud dv-m, d y hi hv b quid wih skysi. Di hig ub, h hi Bugskysi, ic, h ducd i u cum-

i by 5 10 c. a m mucu b-cm ivvd, h i wi bcm bigg d b.a m hiig i dy md i, h cwi b icb i gb m.

CaRBOn CaptuRe and stORage in seawateR.o h bigg chg i cci wih cbcu i h g CO

2. a ui w m

b h wy. th cmy ecc biv i ib imiCO

2i w, wihu y dg

h cb kig u . th chgy iuig i i: hi quid wih mchiyh c w. th quim ic hH vu i h w d d h xhu hughi. tCO

2 bo ccm crbo

r, c c b r o ,rc mo b bo 50 rc,or r mor.

th i ubi iu wih hi ch-gy. abv , w mu b u h h cbi i c b ud viu cdii, uch ih c ducd H d icd mu bh which icid c gb wm-ig. th ui wi b uub i i u u h hcb diig gi, ig CO

2. ecc

cim h i i b d h chgy i w bd. I hi i h c, h hi c b udm-

i mkig h miim iduy m vi-my idy. th chgy i vy xciig d gd xm cu ch ui hw v dicud ju w y g.

photo

Tanb

photo

skysalgmbH&Co

photo

itockhoto

48BRing shipping intO the Old

49uel Cells OR shippi

eMissiOn tRading OR shipping. shi ciu gw. I 2009 hi-ig i iky b ib 2.7 c h wd CO

2mii. I

2020 h i my ic 6 c d i 2050 much 18 -c. nvh, ii hiig i xm m u dui, d hi c uig ch, uig hvy i. thi i iy ubidizig ui.

th my hi. shiig i gb d h mu b gu-d gby. th Un hiig gii, h Ii Miim ogiz-i (IMo) cuy dv m hiig gui. Bu wh vy dicui wih vy di i iv cmm ui i IMo,h d i g d cmx. a ddii, chg i h hiig i -d i IMo by h cui i which hi gid. th yicym cui wih igic vu m hiig, which c bh hi w h h cig h vim. th g fg , -cd fg cvic, i d bck my uggi imvm.thi i im why IMo h mgd duc imi miim hiig d why B d my h wud ik m dmcic bdy vim bjciv h hiig iduy.

w r o o, c o ro c orrom mrom. My h gd ui h vib dy h immd. F hi , h hi mu b u i gbmii dig ym y u x. t g IMo-bd ui wk, hi mu b d quy, gd h cuy i which hy gi-

d. I dui vy ccdig wh hi gid hy wi imy chgfg. My civy ig h hi gid i cuihud b xm m mii duci. I i i bih guih hi quy whi h m im cig h i cui. amg h ui, icm m mii dig d vim- x cud g cui d c bw dvig cui cudb giv ii xmi m h gui.

new MaRitiMe teChnOlOgy.th cmhi b wd by u c w h Vuchd i smb 2009, eidvik thi ccud h FwsHIp cjc, which im dv u c d -h gy uy.

a c rorm cmc rc r, or c, rorc o roc r crc.ai m ci h dii cmgi. th, ig u c i mmy idy h cvi mmii . I h u i cb-b u g, h u c wi C x h m cmbui u i cb-, uch hydg, hwi y b w d h. shiig i guc ghu g mii d g d w, cim-idy chCbiv jc uch FwsHIp im cibui vig h vichg h miim iduy. th F

jc i cbi bw eidviD nk Vi, Vik-sdvik d Wpw aumi. eidvik h cbB ic 2001 i dvig vimidy miim u ym.

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21/42


CCS: What a CatCh! #4od 1.6 bo o wtot ctct. t to cd tdd o d t w t o tm bo wb

w b b t mot tt dd. Co, cott, bot c d wd b. w co-fd ow tto

moom. T obm tt t d ot o m ob o f t tmo

wt CO2.T d ot o t wod do ot t

ct to o t CO2

tt o otom cto d om co d -fd owtto. To, o t mt wb. e t mot otmtc, ow,obt tt wb c b ob o

mo t o t wod tot d b 2050. T 50 ct too tt. Fo-t, b m o w d od-bcoo w c ct CO

2om ow tto

d cto, d to t d d t tt. T wod c o o od to t bc dotmt CO

2ct d to (CCs). it

m to t bd o c!


22/42


51Capture the problem

Co2

Capture rom gaS and Coal poWer. Fm 2010, nwy wi cu 100000 Co

2 y m g-d w i d i y h

Mgd tchgy C. I i xiv, w, d h Co2

h i cud wiiiiy b d gi. I i wh i? Diy.

th Mgd tchgy C i dz dmi jc wbig d bui. Di dy i k ik Mgd wi b mg h .evy y, 100 000 Co

2wi b mvd wih ak C Cb mi

chgy d am cb chgy (bd chid mmi). thi g ii icii h Mgd jc. n wihu . Cd g-d w i cuy h h wd w uy

d qu h wd ghu g mii. I Chi , hgvm i ig ic c duci by much 30 c byh y 2015.

C s c . l , ss s - . b s . a much hid hwd Co

2mii c b mvd by m Co

2cu d g

(CCs). I eu h i i v g h mii c b mvdwih CCs. Bu dvig w chgy i xiv. thi i why i i imh nwy d h cui mvig hd wih dmig Co

2cu

chgi. I d mk h chgy m ci d xiv, ii im dm i g c. th v 8000 mj uc mii i h wd uib Co

2cu. th Ii egy agcy

(Iea) h d g mkig CCs cmmciy vib m 2020, d hcd h cuci 100 CCs jc gby by 2020.

photo

Marthasteenn

50put the oSSilS baCk

o2

Storage. ov h cmig y, mii - Co

2wi b cud m mj ci d

w i. Bu wh h w d wih i? l ubck wh i cm m!Duig h 1990, h nwgi i cmy

i hd bm. th u g hy wducig h si d cid much

o2

eu g buy. thy hd g id ho

2. thi ccu i my g d ud h wd

Co2

i xcd d d i h mh.w, S ws scs c nw s fs c

w c x Co2. thi gv si

iciv hik civy.skid gi dicvd h by ijcig Co

2

w i h 400 kim-g Ui Fmiy cud bh g id h Co

2d xc h w

y dd ijc i h i d mii hu, whi h m im vidig hvig

y h Co2

chg. th bid wih ! sic996, mii Co

2 y hv b d

h Ui Fmi, d cii hv cmd

h mi i ic. th d Co2 h bh-d xcd d mid i h vi. thi Fmi i h nh s ci gy d d h h cciy myi Co

2. I h wd, i vid

g c cui.

photo

itocphoto

52SWeeping the ChimneyS

53membrane teChnology rom biology leSSonS

Co2-Capture rom induStrial plantS. I i

y c d g-d w i h mi gquii Co

2. Fcy chimy h

mi uc icd Co2

mii.Wdwid h y 3000 idui uc

g ugh w Co2

cu. Cuig Co2

m h idui uc c mk u hid h cy mii cu m iduy i 2050.th cci Co

2m i i, g mi-

d iiz, cm, d ci i high h m g-d w i, whichmk h Co

2cu xiv. Bu hi d

m h i i ch. th, i i imh idui icudd i mii digchm, uch h eU ets, h ic wi bchd miig Co

2. a h chgy bcm

xiv d miig Co2

bcm m x-iv, i wi bcm ch cu Co

2h h

mi i. thi i why cmi uch nk Hyd,Y d si xmiig h ibiii cig w ci i c w-uid cu, d g Co

2.

the teChnology o the uture. rch w wkig mk mmb h y wg Co

2. I hy uccd hy wi b b mv Co

2m w i d ci

gy d my.W d bu mmb i bigy; h hi m ud by c i d im

ui m w m. nw scs nw us Scc tc w c s- ss Co

2 ss. pu imy,

c gk which y w Co2

hugh. thi w mmb i hd miic ub d h c i h i ci mi mcu wih which h Co

2c. thi

Co2

mcu jum m mi mcu mi mcu hugh h mmb, ik tz wvi vi hugh h jug. I hi wy Co

2c b cud g. s im d dicu

ch uccd i ig h gd by u idui c h w u-mwi b b cu h c Co

2cu dmicy.

photo

itocphoto

DeT MesT avgjrenDe er en hy inTernasjOnal pris p uTslipp av karBOn.jO Dyrere DeT Blir slippe uT CO2 Og anDre kliMagasser, DesTO Mer lnnsOMTBlir DeT reDusere uTslippene. i Tillegg M vi saTse p uTvikling av nyeTeknOlOgier, sOM FOr ekseMpel karBOnFangsT Og -lagring.

J sbg, smii i ng


23/42


54ighting Co

2With Co

2

55let the Car remove Co

2rom the atmoSphere

utting out ireS. C mi imdb ib much c h

d Co2

mii. Co2

cu d gCs) c b ky h dicu chg xi-

uihig my h wd vgig c mi .C i i h wd m im

gy uc, bcu i bu w. oh didvg i h c c bgi bu

hi i i i i h mi. thi d y mjc dmg: c mi u i muo

2mii h much c

wd Co2

mii. C mi ihigy dicu xiguih d c bu y dcd.ps s s c f s1962 C ps, uSa, s 48 s .tdy, Ci gh w. a svbd i nwy i h

v c mi d v mh b i wxiguihd. th svbd w xiguihd byg mu chid Co

2, mg h hig,

hich ucd h xyg uy h fm.

h wd bigg c-ducig cuy, Chi, v hudd c mi y m (icu). emu uc diig hig. ev w i h c ui hi, w h g Co

2mii. Wih h

mmciizi CCs, i i ib h m ci c b xiguihd uig chid Co

2m

chimy ci d w .

Carbon negative. s w wi b b div c wih bd mi u c, i h kwdg h ch ig mi, w mvig i Co

2m h mh. th gy h uu i ju cb

u, i i cb giv.ts s scc fc, ssss ssc c h, ps b.th quii i h yu divig cic c d h i i chgd wih w m w i u-

d by bim, h h by g c, d h w i i quid wih Co2

cu d g (CCs).si u? l k bck. Bim, uch , d g, gw by bbig h u

gy d Co2

m h mh hugh hyhi. a m h c, h m imcibu bbig Co

2m h mh. Bim i uib ubiu i u i w -

i. F hi , m d m w i hv iy iy cd i u wih bim.

CCs biw i wk i h m wy c d g-d w i. th dic i hh Co

2h i cud d d cm m h mh.

I w u bim i g w i i cmbii wih Co2

cu d g, w wi cuyb mvig Co

2m h mh d ducig cb-giv ciciy d h, y Hug. F

hudd mii , cb-giv ui c d u big h dic bw xicd -xic. I cim cii ik nasa Jm H igh, dy cci Co

2i h

mh mu b ducd v dgu diui h wd cim.W mu d u y h ibiii h cb-giv ui vid. ad w d i-

ici wh d hik uid h bx d iv wh i y cu. th iv i h wh cuiwi vih i h , h h w uy mii wi dy u gci dimiih d di,d h u di wi c h wd v h d which hy hv ivd gi, y Hug.

photo

knutBry


24/42


The IndusTrIal revoluTIon - Pa rT 2 #5 t o ot, uty t oba coomy. Wtout mata uc at, cmt, t, cmca, aumum a co w caot buoa, away, b, ou, wm, oa a, ca, comut,ctcty two a a t ot t o wc w a bcom ot. T o uta ouct xct to caubtatay t com ca, a t wo tay-caouato a a taa o .But at t am tm, uty t a mao omta ca.

uta actty cau 40 ct o t wo CO 2 mo a 30ct o t y u. e tou may coma a ma ato u t at ca ma t y u mo fct cutt mo, t tota oucto oum a ca mo ay. ut tat uty tota ou a mo a y ua ca. T y to o t uta cmat ca a to

ocu o o mo fct mauactu oc o ca att ouct.


25/42


57The alumInIum o The uTure

eIcIenT ProducTIon. aumiium i mg h wd m im mi. pduci h dubdi h 20 y d i i xcd h h wd wi u h im m umiium i 2050 dy.I , umiium i gd h vim. sic i i ivy igh d g, i i ib mk igh d m gy ci c, i d ic. th dwbck? aii pt qi t tiit, i i t ti i ppi b pti -f p tti.th mugic duci c duc Co

2d h g ghu g, uhu hx-

fuid. Fuy, gd ui iu. th m ci umiium ci u y hid muchciciy d d w chgy i big dvd d dmd. ah im uii u h much umi ium ib i cycd. a h mm y 20 c i . pducibd c umiium u y wih h gy ud by duci m i w mi, buxi.

a, i wi b ib d Co2 cu d g umiium ci, ui yu c d buwh i hi mgzi.

photoitockhoto

56energy managemenT

nergy eIcIency. Iduy u mumu gy. H h wd ciciyi i ud u ci. I ddii, vmu c, g, i d bim bud duc h. thi d mu Co

2mii

m h ci hmv, bu m h wi i hy bd wb gy

uc. s i im h vim h mk m u gy, xm by uig ci um, cm, , d cig

ym.sm u gy b y h vi-

bu iduy , ic gy ud m my . Bt i t t xit i pftb it i t tti b

. Cmi wy w h -ii d by m gy u, d mg- i wy gd cgiig h b

gy-cicy mu.t imv hi, iduy c cu m y-

mic yi d imvm i gy ugy mgm) d ch wy i whichv gy. sv cmi, ic, hv

myd hi w gy hu wh civyk u uii vig ciciy. Gv- c cibu by quiig cmiu h b vib chgy h w d

ci chgy i dvd d dm-d g c.


26/42


58cleaner sTeel

new Technology In sTeel ProducTIon.s i h wd m im mi d i xm, buidig bidg uch Bky Bidg (iui), d, iwy, buidig, cw ym. a h dvm wid w d -c k dmd g mu h Ii egy agcy xc h i 2050, y w-d--h im much i b dd cmd dy. I w d d m vimy-idy mucuig chghu g mii m h iduy wi ic ccdigy. e t, i pib f pt t tt ii.

s i i vi h i d hud b mucud i uig c. a h mj eu mucu mmb h gii UlCos (U lw Cb Dixid smkig) wkig duc Co

2mii i duci. s i 100 c cycb, bu h cu

duc high mii. sic 2003, UlCos h udid 80 di chgi ducig mii d h w zd i u bkhugh chgi. th wi b dmd i Gmy d Fc.


27/42


60Black carBon

reduce sooT emIssIons. Co2

i h bigg m-md cim i, bu did yu kw h mii mg h m im cibu gb wmig?

sm ic , cd bck cb, md uy by . Bu i i hum civiyh d h g mii hugh buig c, i d bim. I i ciy hiig, uck,c-d w , ci d dii ckig wih c, ch c wd h mi i hmh. thi h bcm xmy iu bm h i cig h i ch vh wd.

s cibu gb wmig i w wy. th bck ic bb h m h u y d hh mh, which i u h u h h. Wh gci, h u y bbd by h h h h gci fcig h y bck i h mh gi. T t t tibt t bti ti t tpi i.

I c Co2

which mi i h mh d cibu gb wmig v dcd, i whd u h mh by i ju w dy wk. I h wd, by cuig mii gb wmig c b ducd m quicky h by ducig Co

2mii. a w wk h

hig c h wi dc.tchicy, i i dicu duc mii. Md uck, c-d w i d ci

hv miim mii d dic buig c wd i dii ckig c b cd byc iv. th chg i h md chgy i vib i dvig cui wh mii g. I i h im h ich cui giv dvig cui cmic dchgic u mu h c duc mii. rduci mii i h whgig ui i h b h cim d mii c b ducd by 50 c by 2030.

photoitockhoto

61laughIng gas Is noT so

62use surPlus heaT

cleaner erTIlIser ProducTIon.lug uy. I c, n2o, i i ciici 310 im m ggiv h ciml y, nwy v ghu gw dw i, m iy bcui ughig g w ducd by 90 c. th mi ii mucc k much h cdi hi. th cdvd m mgic i . Yuci cy which h

g m xyg. T t ii t pti tifi tii

b 90 pt. th chgddd xiig ci d Y h u i i hi ci i Chi. I mii cmi wd Y dhimii ghu g wud b h quiv y 100 mii i wic much nwy mii

wasTe heaT Becomes elecTrIcITy. Hvh wh yu chg yu mbi h, y h by h i chgd h ch bcm h? thi i bcu h ch 100 c ci. th m g ci, which du h u h mig c w hug mu I c, i i imd h h muwd m nwy ci i bwtWh bu hid h gy u

wig hi gy, w mk u i, diic hig gig cici

59he worlds BuIldIng Blocks

ew maTerIals. th Cum i rm h bdig y 2000 y. o h i u ubc h bid h buidig bckgh zz. B i t

t bi btt it co2.

am vyhig w buid d u cm m m-i h iduiy ducd. Cm, m,

hmic d cmi h buidig bck -y iucu. th bm i h hi ducid cidb mii ghu g.

ic, much u c h wd Co

2mii cm m cm ci. I

chig h mi h c duc iduyo

2i w hv m u. Id

cm w c, xm, u h u zzi mk cc. thi wy, cc i ducdmy by cuhig i, gidig i d mixig i wih, c which duc ci h mi- m m cm.th g mi md by m i kv.

hi i md by biig i d uhuic cid 750 d- ud u, which d g ghu-

mii. By cmi, id mk iyu b h g h kv d hm im uy bi-dgdb. Ju hik i wud h c h id!

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28/42


IndusTrIal symBIosIs. I u h i w. a w duc m gim ud h. thiici b vy: i c ymbii. Idui ymbii imi u cbiv ui.

Fci d gy, mi d iucu duc uu duc, bu w duc. th viwd ubbih h i i bh xiv d vimy dmgig di . th mmu xm ymbii i h Cwh wh d h mid h m c (img). a i t xp, f tt t p i t b t.I v ci bui c ch h, hy c h iucu d k dvg ch hw gy d mi. F ic, bi-h cy c b cd x g-d w id u h uu h i duci c, mi ii cy c u h uhu m i y, d . tgh hi m m civ u mi d gy.

I Kudbg i Dmk, v mj cmi hv g gh d bihd idui cu, -ducig hi Co

2mii by 240 000 y. I ddii, m h 500 000 w duc

y cycd d h mii cubic m w -ud vy y. a u hi, h cmihv cu hi duci c ubiy.

I idui ymbii i gd, why d i h m ? o i h i qui vg cmi cdi mj, cmmciy iiv dcii. I ddii, i i wy y uii byd w cy g. Bu wih icd cmmuici h iduy dm big d cdiig h h uhii, h gd uii m cmi dv m ymbiic ihi h b h vim, h cim, d hmv.

recyclIng.oy v c h g mucu w c i ud wh hi cycd. th, umiium huu w ubbih i.

T t i i t t t t i. m ti

tt t b xm i umiium, which w u m d c d b vim b m cycig umi imiy m h mu gr-cig umiium u y v cgy k mucu vigi umi, bu 70 c umiium i mximiig cycig viu micud duc i ghu-g mii10 c.

63learn rom naTures symBIosIs

photo

itockhoto

64same shIT, new wraPP

MiTT hp er AT hAsTigheTen p de endringene vi hAr seTT i hOldninger,OppATninger, Olkelig Og pOliTisk engAsjeMenT, Og i nringsliveTsdelTAkelse, vil OrTseTTe de nrMesTe rene. dA vil vi gAnske snArT den AvTAlen verdens BeOlkning vil Trenge.

p pud, dik CICero


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65ToP The worsT emITTers

67use The monTreal ProTocol

66Bums on eco-desIgn

mIssIons lImITs. svig h cim cii qui u u bh h ick d h c. o kid ick i emii pmc sdd (eps), mhd big ck mucuig c. thk i y gui, h mii uhu dixid i eU cui, which imiy cm m g c-d

w i d cud cid i, h b ducd by m h 70 c i h cu 20 y. I hU d h Usa h i w k iducig imi mii imi i c Co

2m w i. I

wy, 99 c ciciy cm m hyd-cic chm, bu g eu dd bu-g c d g g ciciy. pw i ib m hid h eU ghu-

mii. I h eU, B i ivig iduc mii imi 150 gm Co2

kiw huciciy ducd. I cic, hi wud md Co

2cu d g i c d g w i.

h imi cud iiiy b i high d y y w w i. Bu v h x 20 y, i-u-d w gi wihu Co

2cu d g mu b hd u i eu.

egulaTIon o ccs. D yu mmb h h i h z y? th w d h much bu hi y- i du, i , D. Mi Mi wh civd h nb piz i chmiy hi gud-bkig wk

w CFC g c h z y. emii w ubquy gud by m h M chich, uik h Ky c, i x-bk xm hw h wd cmmuiy c g gh v hvim. T z pbb b t i t ti t.

a gu ch, wih Mi i h d, i w uggig h w u h m M c gu h mii HFC g, Hyd Fu Cb. I ddii h m mii Co

2, mh d

ughig g, h v h g mid by hum civiy h diuig h gb cim. ou hm i HFC g, which w dvd c z g, ciy i i-cdii. thcm bd h z y, bu i w id h HFC vy ggiv ghu g.c i-cdii hv bcm m d m cmm, bh i iduiid d dvig cui, h HFC i xcd i cidby v h cmig y. I hig i d vid i, mii cudc much 135 gig- Co

2-quiv by 2050. thi i h im much dy

mii ghu g! I HFC g hd u hugh h M c, h, dy xi-g cim-idy chgi c k v.

envIronmenTally-aware desIgn. Chck h chiyu iig . I i md b k wh ii g ud? ec-dig u h duc md b cycd.

rw-mi duci, b i ic, d,i gy iiv d h h m uigg i h duc i cyc. sm w mi vub h hy c ghig d cfic w h vim dmg cud by hixci d duci. th h md m mucu wh dig d mucuhi duc h bi di civ h h duc i i hud b b ciu b uu mhig .

a u chi cycb d md uym cycd wb mi, xi vi-m dic C p a i Hg as.

eit-i pt i

tt ttti i pi t t it t t pt-pt t. Fiv icigv hw w dig d mucu u chi.thy hud hv w wigh, w , b md

cycd wb mi, hy hud hv g i- d w hik m cd cdhughu h i duci c. I i hd g hd ugh cycd mi, bu h m h chi c b -ud, y a.

th ic i Hg chi igid b, m m Vv bum b d mhm d b. I nwy, h cy-cig i i v 60 c bu wih biciv, m imi d bu ,b-digd duc, i wi b ib chiv cycig 95 c.

photo

itockhoto

photo

pergunnaron/plauk


30/42


Build for the future #6u a pob o appoxat 40 pct o t wo , a o o t at a ot ubtata cut ca b ou tcto. e fcc pouc quck a fcat ucto -ou a o, a t a awa pa o t. e fcc

t ow a ut! T at oppotut t a otuu.Us Pt Baack Obaa ao to wo a a t. Tou

T Aca rco a rtt Act o 2009 a touc a 30

ct tax ucto o tt at to a ub o -fccau a a ca t at t o $500 to $1,500. i ato, o upp t to t tax ucto o to au tat qua tt. rpac wow a oo, uato, oof, aouat pup, ot-wat tak, bo at, aou at a ta-o t, oa pa, u tap a w tub a cu

au co b t c. Coca bu c a at pqua t t uc coupto.


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68energy-plus houses

nergy plus houses. My hu bui wih i hugh hi i cyc gy c. Wh yv i kig much ib m h hu, i d y mk x iv- i gy-ig d cicy mu. I i h dv wh y h u bi, .t - , b

. th i g-dig i i gy ci hu i eu, bu w hicig i i -cd gy u hu, which g m gy h hy cum. such

u big bui i umb cui, icudig h much dicud Fibug jc i Gmy, wh cd hu d wih . th buidig b iud h h m d hvwh hu h cvy vii ym. M gy u hu i eu bd ,k gd g gm gy. I Bii, umb ubic buidig d huig cmx

c y hv b quid wih hi w gy yidig wid ubi ih mud h , cd h gud.svig ciciy i bh ib d cy ducig Co

2mii. th eu pim d

Cuci chd gm gy mc buidig nvmb 18 2009 h x 2020 di w buidig b y z gy buidig.

photo

Thoma

Ott

69live green pay less

tax deductions, suBsidies and certificates. IGmy gy-vig jc, vi-b 1.6 c i , d i Fc i. th u 15 y d mu u 20,000 d 30,000. thi my cb ud i h um d ddii iu-i d yicy hv h gy cumi.rh h yig ciciy, y h .My d gy vd.

ah iciv i whi cic, whgy cmi bigd v cimu gy. rh h chivig h vighmv, h cmy c buy cic whichdcum gy-duci mu h hv bcid u wh ic by huigciv h h id ddii iui c ym.

Whi cic hv b iducd i vcui i eu, hugh immd diy.I Fc h chm h cu 56 tWh, which i hquiv h ciciy ducd i 16 g-dw i.

photo

sm

ka

ftAs

70control freaks!

72green white goods

71saving energy and the internet

control systems for electricity. evyhig cb cd. By imy ig w bu yuc gm m mu umicyw whi yu wk. ligh u ,cic dvic g dby d w ic. Yu v ciciy d my. e j b 10 20 .

accdig ev, gmmb hig c i id ivig i hu h c bdividd i v h z, wih iy h mk i ib duc h m-u id v hu m. a gmmbhig c c duc cumi byximy 20 c. B w c buid-ig i o, which wi b cmd i auum 2010,wi hv c ym hig, ighig dvii h h, igh d i wi y b udwh cy.

replace appliances and electronic itscdivi, cic ic ximy c ciciy ci iv hm. od ic umuch gy d w hi md c

accdig ed i Dmkg g Dih huhd ic iy. I yu hv d whi gd hmv my d c h vim ig hm w . i a b

egy mkig huhd icd 15 y i h eU d 12 y i nig hi im, whi gd hv bcm m gy ci. tdy i i hd gd wih w gy ig h C i, d wihi h x w y B gd iky di. rigz w cuy d wih gya a++-d ig u bu 50

ciciy h B-d .

less it waste. Yu my u h igh, bu yu vig wih I u? th I diyicig dmd ciciy i g chg.sm biv h h I h bcm u d i i dg cuig i w dw.a udy cmmiid by h Us evim p-ci agcy im h h Usa d vud 61 bii kiw hu i 2006. thi 1.5 c h Usa ciciy cumi.e g , 0.2 co

2.thi d ud ik

ui yu muiy i by v 200 mii! th hwmy Gg vy dy.

sm cmi w cidig cig hid quim , hy c xi wv id gy m w d, d u w c h ym dw. Fuy, h myiig ui duc gy w mIt ym. Bu m h chiqu quiig. a w-digd cmu m c uu 30 c gy i cmi wih y-digd m. sv d pC g h

d i h vg v m v h h gyi ud cig u. o ui i u huu h, ic, h h buidig hbuidig by m cid hig.

photo

itoc

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ho

to

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74things that last. get a new model!

73replace with led

life cycle analysis. thig w u hv much g i h w hik. egy d w mi divd m h u wd d ud mucu mi d gd. th h dud h wd by hi, i d uck b hy iv i h . a w hv wd hm whi,hy d u i h h, cycd.

li cyc yi i m udyig h u uc d gy, d i cquc hcim d vim, hughu h i i cyc duc. such y c giv uiigu. Did yu kw, ic, h v 80 c h gy u i h i cyc cmu, mbih, ccu b yu hv v k i u i bx d uggd i i? F whig mchi h ii u: By h g i gy u ccu duig h y i i big ud.

thi imi i uu bh gvm, cmi d cum wh w duc h c

hi iy h h cim d h vim. Whi i i vimy civ i yu mbih h y, i wi b b h vim wich yu whig mchi w dm ci h u ciciy. smhig k i mid!

nergy-efficient lighting. lighig i ib bu c ciciy u i scdivi.a leD igh (igh-miig did) 50

00 - 100 000 hu d u u 80 c gy h icdc igh bub. leD igh xcd m bu 90 c h mk by020.

Uig leD imi h bm; h. xm, m duc g d xc h, bu i i m dib ighig i h ib, icuy im h wd. I nwgi huhd

hgd ix hi igh bub gy-vig bub,wy wud v h m mu ciciy u ciciy cumi tm.

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itoc

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ho

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77turn it off!

75Bring in the Bathwater

use the off Button. th mu ci ud dby md vi bw bu h cmbid cumi i mBiih Dm h evim hh h UK cud duc Co

2mii by

by vidig h u dby m igh c h cuy cicii g dby. I Dmk, h v c d i swd ch hid u hwig h h u dby ivg miy u ciciy bi by 1

recover the heat from used water.Hig wi ib h h gy u i hu.Bu c yuv ud i, h w u wy dw hdi. th h cud hv b ud -h hw cd w h i i wy i. I Cd, g vib iig h cvy ym hw cu hi h.

thi i hw h ym wk: w , . a hi c i uyig h, cd w icid ud h dii. s h cd w i idic cc wih h w w bu i i b bb i h. th cd w h hu -h 10 dg Ciu, bu h bbd h mh w w h id i mu by bu10 20 dg Ciu b h w iv ih h-w k.

I i ib u h um cv hh m w w. a w--w h umqui g mu w b b, di h my ud i high vum iui ik

huig cmx cmmci kich. Hubyam i sjd i nd-tdg, nwy ci 56 w-gy hu which cv h mw w. t h h w, ch ui viuy ud i nwgi huig.th w i hd by h um which bb hh m ww h h m i. thih uc mk h h um x-civ: kiw-hu ciciy duc v kiw-hu h

photo

itoc

kp

ho

to

76turn off the tap

save water. subi uc ud bigw h wd ui d u ci-m chg cc c w wi bcm vm uvy diibud.

oeCD cui hv cumi ihbi v 100 i w dy, i h U.s. i i 330i, wh i dvig cui i i y 10i. Wh i i h w wd i fuhdwic, i u much w i dv-ig cuy u i i dy d, dik dwhig. I yu h yu diy hw by miu yu c v 3 300 i w y d200 kiw hu gy.

photo

itoc

kp

ho

to

i KBenhAvn er vi sTOlTe Av vres lOTTe resUlTATer mesyKler Og jernvArme. nr 40 PrOsenT Av KBenhAvnsyKler Til Og rA ArBeid eller sTUdier hver dAg, Og nAlle r vArme gjennOm jernvArmesysTemeT. deT meCO2-regnsKAPeT.

ri Bjgd, Kbhv ovb


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78with law in hand

79stay out of the cold

nergy laBelling. th hu h big bui dy wi i b dig i 50 - 60 y m. By h im, h gb Co2

miihud hv b ducd by 85 c. accdig h ch iiu ecy, h eU cud v 460 mii Co

2 y i

uidig big vd w b ugdd cu gy cicy dd. thi i much h u mii Iy.m b . i b b. a

civ wy h h cu gy u i buidig i iduc gy b, cic ik w hv ic. egyic hu w bihd i h eU d wi b iducd i nwy i 2010. Ud h w w, hu h d d mu hv cic ig h gy-cumi c c m a G. th cic, gd, wi giv hmw

id hi gy u, hu dig gy vig. I yu buidig w hu, i i wh kwig h gy gd B ivvduci gy cumi by qu wihu cig ciby m h buidig wih gy ig. achivig

gy gd a ivv m xiv cuci c, bu h uig gy vig wi m h y h x c i h

g u.F w buidig, w d gui h b wy c w dd d vid g m d dicb mwk. I u h u gy cicy i xiig buidig, h ubidi d/ h iciv cy cug iii-

v uch ddii w d iui, ii h um cm widw.Gvm d d by xm. Buid ig gui cud b ic ubic buidig h iv , ic my buidi g

ubicy wd. thi wud ifuc h h buidig d, cug w chgy d ic h ki chic, gi- d buid. Bu h ubic c ck iciv duc gy cumi. Ivm budg m iudg d w gy c duc ig budg. I Fc, 12 c h buidig vum i h i cuy i ubicy wd,d h Fch gvm h dcidd h i wi dub h umb d buidig b vd vy y. thi m h 400,000uidig y wi hv hi gy d Co

2mii ducd, vig h x y g um v my y.

Better insulation. D yu hik yu ciciy bii high? Much wh yu yig bbyk igh u hugh w d widw i yuhm i y iud.

My hu, v ivy w , yiud. a gd d ccy iud humii i mu b d d hvbm wih dughy f d uv mmu. a h m im, gy cumii ducd d bh cb mii d higc g dw. t c m b mk/v- b, 1,6 co

2 . thi i

h quiv rui i Co2

mii.

photo

stfano

Pa

lta

/U.s

dpatmn

to

fengy

photo

roc

kwoo

l

81take your tie off

80get dressed

save on cooling. I m c dcdig h cdii, bu vywhh g dii h bid buimm d cd y ud, wi Bu v y g h gvm uchbiz-cmig wih h g jck, cmig w imd vig gy iig w ducig ghu gth J umm i xmy wmbu hi d buim m i v bcu ci iqu. thc biz-id u mh, msmb, d iciig ubic ccmi d uh h hmm dg. suh K Miiy evih Biih td Ui Cg hv hc biz-cmig ic 2006.

I m h wd bigg cmih Usa, Chi d Idi, i i xcd hi m i cdiiig wi i by 203 h McKiy/V Cim M. ahu w vg wic big

, d m igh u quicdiiig.

save on heating indoors. pu x w.Wh nw scii w bu hig w c d v h wd, h i w: D ccdig h wh. D wk ud h hu i t-hiwh h w i diig uid! lwig h mmu by dg duc gy cum-i by v c.

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Gold in Green Forests #7 a, h w a h cab h a . A h a , ca ba c c ca h-a aca c ha ha ca w h b

wh w hab h ah 2050.Ba bh h cha a h h ca

b. W ha h a a a h h h h ca a ha a . W ha aca wa ca

w a w a ha c h h a b ca ch a a ca b h w c.


36/42


82he earths treasure chest

83it costs to save

84a climate aGreement For the rainForest

reserve the troPical Forests.ov w mii qu kim h wd ic hv b ic990, much h h d h eU. thi bby d 20 bii cb which i 12 im uch h Us u Co

2mii. F w, p g w

p, b b.Fig d buig ccu y h u gb mii ghu g. I h, wh

chd dw d bud, cb h w bud u i h d Co2. I ddii, h m

i f giv g mu Co2

d mh. th ic h dub bw h cim: g mu Co

2 d d h m im w h m im Co

2.

Bh nwy d h eU hv g imiig gb wmig w dg Ciu i d vid h m d-u d dmic cquc cim chg. t chiv hi g, gb mii mu b ducd ubi-y d quicky. o mu h c b cid u ivy ixivy i h h m i u h h ic mi ic d ciu bid h cb h h ig i i h mh.D, vigi i m cb h h y . th m im i cui Bzi,

ivi, h Dmcic rubic Cg, Cm, Gh, pu nw Gui, Idi d My ib much 70 c ghu g mii m di. I i h ib cc d chiv g duci i mii. Bzi h m i h y h cuy i h wd. sic i ki i 2005 h cuy h m h hvd i di i d d v bii

Co2

m big d i h mh, ccdig h ri Fudi nwy. I 2008, Bzi gducig di by 80 c by 2020. th cuy h bihd ddicd ud c h c

i d m h mic d uib u h .accdig h w-kw Biih cmi nich s, duci i di i h m c-civ m-

d cuig ghu g mii. H im h i wi c v bii Us d y hv did hu duc gb ghu g mii by bu c. ev hugh my biv h h im w, h i bd gm h ducig mii m di i ivy ixiv mhd cu-

g ghu g mii h wi yid g wd i h vim c w.

all chiP in.I aio coui a o allow hi

o o mai, ich coui mu hlp pay h bill. I

co moy o av h aio.no log ago, sumaa wa covd by hick aio.

Mo o hi pci-ich, iplacabl aio iow go. th sumaa tig i almo xic, a i a

lag umb o oh uiqu pci ha dpdd o

h aio o hi uvival. th ducio o haio ha mad Idoia o o h wold wo

clima-polluig coui. Wh miio om do-aio a ak io accou, h couy i i hid

plac o h woldwid li o miio, wih oly h Usad Chia laig mo ghou ga ach ya.

But tere s reso tt te rorest s beg utdow. loy, te f rewrds re gret. Fo hiao, coui wih aio ad h popl who

liv i h o mu b compad o kpig ho iac a a global voi o cabo ad bio-

diviy. I mu b a pofabl o h local populaio

o allow h o o ad a i i o hm o cu i dow.raio coui a dpd upo ich coui

o hlp hm cov h co o lookig a h o.th nowgia govm fac iiiaiv, which

alloca up o h billio ko a ya o covigh o, i a impoa a owad a iaioal

fac pogamm o hi o. ev i w mu accp

ooig h ga pa o h bill, h wad i a lai-vly ixpiv ducio i ghou ga miio.

Forestry into the aGreement. a uu ii cim gm mu icud chi mu ccu i ddii ucd mii cu i h c.

th g k h gb mu ic w dg Ciu qui vy id cu i Cu y mgm c mk cibui hi g. W g bp p - g , w b b pp g w.

I i i h ic h h diig idy: bu 130 000 qu kim dvy y. lik h acic, h i vy vub cim chg. a i i mubw d h dg wi u g h amz, h g i i h wd,vh. I i imd h mii duci v bii Co

2quiv i

2015 hugh mu duc di. Wihi h xiig ii cim cvi iiiiv mchim ducig di, v hugh hi c i ib yh wd v ghu g mii. th wd gm h wi u m 2013 mu

mii m di. thi qui cmmim m hviy d dvig cuici u m idui i.

nesten 18 prosent Av de gloBAle utslippene kommer fdeleggelse Av skog i utviklingslAnd. Avskoging m deinkluderes i klimAAvtAlen dersom vi skAl lykkes med Begrense den gloBAle oppvArmingen.

G Hm Budd, tidig mii g WH


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85Plant a tree

lantinG Forests. th wd d m h g cb . th G B Mv- nb piz wi Wgi Mhi (iu-

) h 4000 c civi gu wh bh w dw cim chg d b

d i iy ib. th mvmiv h ig d cig i vi h b gi gb wmig.

t d h cum Co2

gwd iv. th m h i h h, h Co

2wi b bud u. thi Co

2wud hwi

xcb h ghu c. th i i i g. th Un cim h

imd h i 2030 w cud bid u 50 imwy mii ju hugh i.

photo

Wanjramatha/greenBeltmoveent

86stoP dirty investments

Pull the oil Fund out oF the rainForest. nwy i mg h ig h ci h i-. a h m im, duig 2008, nwy ivd 8.7 bii k i cmi h dyig hi.

pwu cmic i wihi h y iduy, i c, idui gicuu d hum c m h c bhid h duci h wd i. o w p , nwg G PF Gb ( P F), g p gg . thnwgi pum Fud i mg h g i h wd. I 2008 h ud ivd 8.7 bii k- i m h wd m ggiv cmi i m dmgig i, ccdig riFudi nwy. th icud h ggig cmi smig (Myi) d om (sig), h m icmy Wim Ii (sig), w h h i cmi r (si), occid (Usa)d Chv (Usa). th pum Fud h icd i ivm i h cmi m 4.8 bii ki 2007 8.7 bii k i 2008.

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itockphoto

87Get the rainForest out oF your house

do not Buy destroyed rainForests. ev hugh i k buiu, qu m mhgy c mmy im i w iz i dyd i.

Hvig h m vub y wd i h , uch mhgy, i h g di. F vy h i cu dw, h uudig dyd. I nwyw diy im wd m h i d m u hik h i i ib buy mh i m nwgi d. Uuy, hi i h c. evy y, igic mu ic wd i imd i nwy d h eu cui. th wd h i d icud k mBum, h ci ai g u k . accdig h ri Fudi nwy, h big ym ic imb h c gu h h gd yu buyig hv cm m dyd i. t b u h yu i dc d cibu di d icdghu g mii yu hud u ic imb. a www.gkg. yu c d i hviu y wd m h i.

88Wood For most PurPoses

Planned Biouse. I h y ubc w c u mk yhig m ic cm d chci, ch d cm? th w i cuy y uk!

t d h -cd bim ic uc. thy c y b ud g

y-idy gy. th Bgd cmy i sbg, nwy cii i gig much u uk b h bi g duc h. F xm, m uk hy c mvimy-idy biu which c c uig d di. 20 o b Bg. th cmy mk igdi i, which hwi wb ducd m i, w h which c c diy i-bd hig. ah duc hvi, fvuig ud i ic cm d chc.

Much hi wud hwi hv b ducd wih h id i. a ic duc u cbig bck. tdy, ic i md miy m i-bd mi uch i, bu i h uu i c m bim.


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89he neW Black Gold

ochar is seen By many scientists d icyk miig ui cim chg mi-

gi d di. sm v gu h bich -cd miigi mu h c

chiv d, y duci ghu g.ch i gid, chc-ik duc bi-

d wh bim i hd i cd ci wihmid uy i. th mhd i cd yyi.

th bich i h id i. thi bcm m miigi mu ic h cb wi y

h i hudd hud y. nw wi gw d bb Co

2d c k

cb giv cyc; mvig Co2

m hmh d uig i i h i.addig cb i h v b; i i

d ui which d icd yidd gwh. i x - g g , w b g f .

addig cb i i hig w, d i hmz h y vy i, cb ichi h w ducd by ci hum - dig bck hud y. I m h m ivd h d by hig d

hig bim u h d hh d bu mhd which i uib bu

mg h d cim. tdy h ijc i aic h duc bich m gicuu- w h wud hwi ghu

wh i dcm. 16 aic d li-mic cui, w aui, hv mdubmii h Un cim icudch i -2012 cim gm.

90a Potent environmental cocktail

BioGas.thmhi bci d k , bu h i much vidc h hy c b gd h vi-m by ccig h duci big.

I swd, v 15 000 c u big, d by 2010 i mu uy bi-g bi-h.Big m w gic w uch im dig d d w i ivy im duc. I c bud hig, i c b ugdd u d i ddii h by-duc id i imvm.

r, p b bg. th nwgi m Hy-hmic h dicvd h hmhi bci, m cu h m cmb i high m-u, c cc h big c. By ddig hmhi bci h bim i big c dicig h mu bw 80 d 90 dg cigd, big i md im quicky wih gy u. such ubi duci im d my ud i h duci c i big viwd

wih g i.nvh, my cui h iiy i u i c iucu d ym h

duci d u big. I nwy, h i i i g. th B Fudi h imd h i much 60 c h cuy m im uy w ccd big duci, gicuu mi-i cud b cu by 12 c.

IllutrationH

ypertherc

91meat-Free monday

eat less meat. si pu McCy (iui) hb vgi my y. tgh wih hiw dugh h i bckig h m- Mdycmig, which cug hv dy wk wihu m h mu.

M duci i gy m dmgig hcim h h duci ui d vgbbcu m im mi m mh d iuxid, which m wu ghu gh Co

2. I ddii, h im d h

cud hv dicy. i pp w p, b p .thi i icuy im bcu wwi d m d i uu y d h gwiggb ui. th Un h my 370mii cud v by 2050.

Ghu g mii m nwgi gi-cuu ci bu h mh d h iuxid.

photo

scanpx

92Gas is no lauGhinG matter

oPtimised Fertilizer use. agicuu u m ii h cy. thi u i uci h wu ghu g iu xid.

niu xid, b kw ughig g, i 310 im m wu ghu g h Co, m duci i mii c duc g iiv c h vim b pb x nw, p . thi i bcu h uy ci ig, mg h hig, which m c i cm i cc wih h i.

sm iiig gicuu c b vidd, bu h m im w kw h g d b cu u wihu giv c c. accdig h ch iiu Bik, h wh gnwy i v-iid by 15 c.


39/42


We are the World #8oba wa to b hat, th wo coo w ha to o a

ajo ajtt, a t w ha to happ qck. Fo th boa oo ooba copa to o ow ktch tab, co to b tak that w

o cha. Th w ot happ wthot to potca ahp. na th o a tatahp b toAcco to th a o th itota Pa o Cat ChaPPC), raja Ka Pacha, th xt o a w t whth

h wo w aa to tack th cat c. i w o ot cc, th

oqc w b xt o o a pat o th ath popato ato to co.

it a to a that ct o a xp a w thath coo, pot a wa. it w ot b chap, bt th atat ch o xp. O bha o th Bth ot, th w-kowcoot lo nchoa st poc th st pot, th ot xt ot ab pc o wok that ha b ca ot to tabh th cot oba wa. Th coco ca. Th faca o ca b ot

pt a wo b th qat o a 5-20 pct cto h o wo poct ow a o a t. Ca ot wok to t oba

wa a chap. Acco to st, ao two pct o th owo poct t b aa to that oba wa o ot

xc 2 2.4C.


40/42


93all pull together

94limit the estivities

95spreading your bets

96Clean development meChanism

ternational agreements.a gb bm qui gb ui dd ii ci. I i igic chg h iii qui im d ic, c d cuu uddig. Fc, duig ii gii, i i d d uc, i i

umy h y wi y um ibiiy i h h cic. w cc c c , c w k.th i ib cmmi i c Co

2v i h mh:

wd h bu v h h b i c. F hi , cimgii ik h gii. Dy i h duci miid wk mbii c b mud dicy i m hi ic, highvg mu d m xm wh. Cim chg i ccuig muicky h viuy umd. My dy ig h c i

d bcmig cim ug.Fi i c iu i gii w cim gm. shud uy v mii b k ig i, hud h igh

mi Co2

b dividd quy mg h h wd? I hiicciv, h ich cui hv dy ud u hi qu d hv i cd h cim cii. th cui hv, u h dy, diim quii ghu g i h mh, d mu b giv uiy ic hi dd ivig. p cui d ci

u m h ich cui chiv c gwh.

emissions trading. nwy pim Mii J sbg cm h Co2

mii dig ym wih dik vuch cmy y. th imwy cu mii i imi hw much c b mid. sic yy dd u duk gy, h mgm hv dcidd h chcumi hud b icd mwh hi y. th hy iu wdik vuch.

th mii dig ym wk i h m wy. th w h vuch, hw h mii v i m h y-gu d vuch bwhmv. Wh cu i h Co

2mii. th uhii iu wc

h w h h xcd mii m cmi, which m h hcmi mu ih duc hi mii buy wc m mh h mgd duc i mii. t c fc c .I h Co

2mk, cm-

ii wi h u h h ch mu cid u . eu hhd mii dig w i d m idui c ic 2005.Bu i h mii dig i y d i jb, cui d c

mu b ubjc i, h cmmci dvg wi b gid by bih-ig v. th mii imi mu b cdib d g-m. Iiv buy xiv z-mii chgy hy mu u hcim icy wi mii dy cu v h x 20-30 y. ev gdc-d-d ym h i imii. th mk ch h ch u-i d d h m xiv . thi c c ciu im whw y d mj cu i mii quicky.

other measures. a igid, gb c-d-d ym i gd m i-ig cu i mii. I i chg h cui h wd chuch gm, d hc i i vy uiky b id i h x wy. rgi Co

2-mk, uch h i h eU, gd , bu

101 solutions to climate change

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