100g and beyond coherent optical communications · 2 © ciena optical fiber communications optical...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
100G and BeyondCoherent Optical Communications
Kim Roberts
![Page 2: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2 © Ciena
Optical Fiber Communications
Optical Fiber
Modulator Detector
cizake (Flickr)
![Page 3: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3 © Ciena
Reach Matters
in
Optical Transmission
(and ladders)
4042238-stige.jpgwww.bt.dk
![Page 4: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4 © Ciena
Spectral Efficiency Matters• Continued exponential growth of 30%-50%
• >1000 Tb/s of new end-to-end traffic in year 2020• Optical Spectrum Squeezed for Bits/Second/Hz
![Page 5: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5 © Ciena
Latency Matters
![Page 6: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6 © Ciena 6
Cost Matters
![Page 7: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7 © Ciena
Heat Matters
www.bansheemann7.com
![Page 8: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8 © Ciena 8
Physical Barriers
http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects
![Page 9: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9 © Ciena
Chromatic Dispersion
physics.utoledo.edu
![Page 10: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10 © Ciena
Chromatic Dispersion
Transmitted 10G Signal Signal after Dispersion
![Page 11: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11 © Ciena
Linear fiber propagation
a) transmitted single bit10 GBaud
b) single bit after 300 km
c) single bit after 3000 km
![Page 12: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12 © Ciena
Traditional solution:Dispersion Compensation Modules
• Coils of 1 to 20 km of special fiber• 5 s to 100 s of added delay per coil • $3k to $10k per module
• Each line amp site needs a specific value of dispersion compensation engineered for a particular end-to-end connection,
![Page 13: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13 © Ciena
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
![Page 14: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14 © Ciena
Mean PMD
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5
1
3>3
•2266 spans of 80 km measured•Not including concatenation•Average PMD of 0.75 ps/√km•Worst = 27.4 ps/√km
Mean PMD in ps/√km
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5
1
3
Data from OFC 2007 workshop
>3
![Page 15: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15 © Ciena
http://www.eborg3.com
Noise
![Page 16: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16 © Ciena
OSNR
• Optical Signal to Noise Ratio• Power in optical signal divided by the power in 0.1
nm of the noise spectrum• Expressed in dB.• For amplifiers and a line system, delivering a high
OSNR is good.• For a receiver, tolerating a low OSNR is good.
![Page 17: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17 © Ciena
Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE)
•Amplifiers are used to overcome fiber losses.•Optical Noise is added by each amplifier.
() = 2 h n sp (G() – 1)
![Page 18: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18 © Ciena
Optical Fiber Nonlinearity
• The Kerr effect
• Self Phase Modulation
• Cross Phase Modulation
22)( )( EnnnNL
![Page 19: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19 © Ciena
Fiber Attenuation
Figure from http://macao.communications.museum/images/exhibits
![Page 20: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20 © Ciena
Low Loss Fiber
![Page 21: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21 © Ciena
Optimum Amplifier Spacing
~14 dB
![Page 22: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22 © Ciena
Raman Amplification
C.V. Raman
Pump
Signal
Silica
~100 nm3 to 4.5 dBOSNR improvement
![Page 23: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23 © Ciena
Dirty Patch Cords
![Page 24: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24 © Ciena
OTDR Built into the Raman Card
Optical Time Domain Reflectometery (OTDR)
![Page 25: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
© Ciena Confidential and Proprietary 25
Polarization of Light
Recall an electromagnetic plane wave (light) propagating in free space: • E-field has components only in directions orthogonal to propagation.• Such a wave is linearly polarized in the transverse (X/Y) plane.
Sum of plane waves with differing phase results in arbitrary state of polarization.
Figure: Propagation along vertical axis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(waves))
Linear 45-deg. E-fields in phase
Left/Right Circular: ±/2 shift
General case: Elliptical
Dire
ctio
n of
pro
paga
tion
![Page 26: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26 © Ciena
Dual Polarization
![Page 27: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27 © Ciena
Complex Plane of Optical E-field
I or Real
Q or Imaginary
![Page 28: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28 © Ciena
ASK
One bit encoded in the amplitude, per symbol1 bit x 10 Gsymbols/second = 10 Gb/s
I or Real
Q or Imaginary
1
0
![Page 29: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29 © Ciena
QPSK
Two bits encoded in the phase, per symbol, per polarization.4 bits x 10 Gsymbols/second = 40 Gb/s
11
0100
10
![Page 30: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30 © Ciena
Four Electrical Drive Signals
Four DimensionalLinearModulation
Linear Modulation of E-field
![Page 31: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31 © Ciena
Coherent Transmitter
![Page 32: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32 © Ciena
Tx Module View - Delidded
![Page 33: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33 © Ciena
Standard
Spectral Shaping
Minimize spectral utilization for a given capacity to increase spectral efficiency DAC technology enables this
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [GHz]Am
plitu
de [d
B]
Spectrum70 GHz BW50 GHz Channel
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [GHz]Am
plitu
de [d
B]
Spectrum70 GHz BW50 GHz Channel
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [GHz]Am
plitu
de [d
B]
Spectrum70 GHz BW50 GHz Channel
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [GHz]Am
plitu
de [d
B]
Spectrum70 GHz BW50 GHz Channel
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [GHz]Am
plitu
de [d
B]
Spectrum70 GHz BW50 GHz Channel
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [GHz]Am
plitu
de [d
B]
Spectrum70 GHz BW50 GHz Channel
time
frequency
= 0.14 = 0.3 = 0.5 = 0.8 = 1.0
![Page 34: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34 © Ciena
Alien Wavelength
![Page 35: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35 © Ciena
Alien Wavelength
![Page 36: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36 © Ciena
Incoherent Detection
T +45o
T -45o
Differential QPSK
TDifferential BPSK
Direct Detection
I
Q
![Page 37: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37 © Ciena
Coherent Detection
QX Pol
I
I Y Pol
Q
![Page 38: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38 © Ciena
Coherent Receiver
![Page 39: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39 © Ciena
110M Gates • ADC = 5M gates,• DSP = 100M gates, • OTN = 5M gates• 32 nm CMOS
WaveLogic 3 Rx ASIC
• 70T ops/s• 32 nm CMOS• 150M gates• 3.7 km wire
![Page 40: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40 © Ciena
WaveLogic 3
LinearTransducer Linear
Transducer
Tx DSP DAC ADC Rx DSP
![Page 41: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41 © Ciena
WaveLogic 3 Flexible Transceiver
![Page 42: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42 © Ciena
Chromatic Dispersion
Transmitted Signal Signal after Dispersion
10G tolerates ~1000 ps/nmFlex-3 tolerates 300,000 ps/nm
![Page 43: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43 © Ciena
WaveLogic 3 100G Dispersion Tolerance
![Page 44: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44 © Ciena
PMD is Irrelevant with WaveLogic 3
![Page 45: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45 © Ciena
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
10G tolerates 15 ps meanWaveLogic-3 tolerates 150 ps mean
![Page 46: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46 © Ciena
Mean PMD
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5
1
3>3
•2266 spans of 80 km measured•Not including concatenation•Average PMD of 0.75 ps/√km•Worst = 27.4 ps/√km
Mean PMD in ps/√kmExample 10G Reach
WaveLogic 3 Reach km
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5
1
3
Data from OFC 2007 workshop
>3
25003500
20003500
9003500
5003500
252500
![Page 47: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47 © Ciena
Spectral Efficiency
10G allows 10G/50GHz = 0.2 b/s/HzFlex-3 allows 400G/80GHz = 5 b/s/Hz
![Page 48: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48 © Ciena
Flexible Latency Soft FEC100G 400G
Q-FEC 4 - 35 s 2 - 18 s
TX + RX Including Q-FEC 8 - 42 s 5 - 25 s
Q-FEC is flexible • Latency is provisionable.• Allows tradeoff between performance
and latency
![Page 49: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49 © Ciena
QPSK: 100 Gb/s in 50 GHz
![Page 50: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50 © Ciena
Typical Reach with QPSK
10.2 dB B-B
![Page 51: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51 © Ciena
http://www.eborg3.com
Noise Tolerance
• Tolerance to noise and nonlinearitycan be used for reach.
• 3500 km is not always needed!• The same tolerance gives the ability
to handle high loss spans, ROADMs, patch panels, and nonlinear interference.
![Page 52: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52 © Ciena
BPSK: Transpacific Reach on Existing Cables
![Page 53: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53 © Ciena
Typical Reach with 16-QAM 400G
Raman -1 dBm 21 dB spans of NDSFEDFA +1 dBm
![Page 54: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54 © Ciena
Typical Undersea Reach
![Page 55: 100G and Beyond Coherent Optical Communications · 2 © Ciena Optical Fiber Communications Optical Fiber Modulator Detector cizake (Flickr)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040112/5e8607491c8bd8754c06f869/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55 © Ciena
Flexible Transciever
• 35 Gbaud, captured from Rx after 300 km
• Production WaveLogic 3 Hardware
• Firmware by Ian Roberts
• 10GE test set; traffic daisy-chained
• Error Free, even during transitions