100Photos

that changed

canada

edited by mark reid , the beaver magazine

foreword by charlotte gray

preface by deborah morrison

ON SALE NOW! THE Gift Book of the Season

Order your copy today by phone 1-888-816-0997 or order online at HistorySociety.ca. Proceeds from the sale of each book help to support the activities of Canada’s National History Society.

I n t r o d u c t i o n

Markreid

somewhere between light entering a lens and the release of

theshutter,amidthealchemyoff-stopsandapertureadjust-

ments, great photographs are born. The greatest photos are those

thataffectusinsomewayandofferinsightsintothesubjectsthatare

hiddenfromthenakedeye.

It was the master Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh who

oncesaid,“Withineverymanandwomanasecretishidden,andasa

photographeritismytasktorevealitifIcan.”Thequestionis:Can

photographsrevealthesecrettounderstandingacountrysovastand

diverseasCanada?

100 Photos That Changed Canadaisnotsomuchahistorybook

asitisasearchforthesharedmoments—theterribleandthesublime—

inwhichweframethenotionofwhoweareasapeopleandanation.

Ma

ria

nn

e H

el

m

xx 100 photos that changed canada 100 photos that changed canada xxi

Fromtheoutset,weknewthatwewantedthisbooktobeun-

likeanyotherphotohistoryofCanada.Wewantedourcontributors

toviewtheimagesinthiscollectionthroughadifferentlens—alens

bothpassionateandanalytical—andanswerthequestionthatwillbe

askedofeverysinglephotographinthisbook:Whocares?

Whocaresthatearlyinthetwentiethcenturywomenacross

Canada fought for, and won, the right to vote? Who cares that a

one-leggedyoungmanhadtheaudacitytothinkhecouldendcan-

cer by running across Canada? And why does it matter that, in

thedyingsecondsofahockeygameinMoscow,aCanadianplayer

banged in his own rebound—vaulting his team from ignominy

toimmortality?

In2008,The Beaver featuredastorycalled“10PhotosThat

ChangedCanada.”onthecoverwasaphotoofTerryFoxinsilhou-

ette, running along a rain-slicked road in ontario in July 1980.

AccompanyingTerry’sphotowerethesewords:“somefilleduswith

pride,othersbroughtustotears.Thesearetheimagesthatshaped

ournation.”

sifting through hundreds of photographs in search of the

bestforthiscollection,wecametoseethatCanadahasmanyiconic

images. All of the photos in this book have, in some way, shaped

our perceptions of Canada and of ourselves. They’re a tangible

reminder of the collective triumphs, failures, and sacrifices experi-

encedbyCanadiansthroughouttheyears.

Ifthereisauniversaltruthtobefoundinthiscompilation,it’s

this:Historylivesonlyaslongastherearethosewillingtoremember

it.Greatphotographsarenotonlyavividandvisualreminderofour

past,theyareameanstopreserveit.

This collection of 100 Photos That Changed Canada is by no

meansadefinitivelist.It’sasnapshotofwhowewere,whoweare,

andwhowemightbecome.

xx 100 photos that changed canada 100 photos that changed canada xxi

Fromtheoutset,weknewthatwewantedthisbooktobeun-

likeanyotherphotohistoryofCanada.Wewantedourcontributors

toviewtheimagesinthiscollectionthroughadifferentlens—alens

bothpassionateandanalytical—andanswerthequestionthatwillbe

askedofeverysinglephotographinthisbook:Whocares?

Whocaresthatearlyinthetwentiethcenturywomenacross

Canada fought for, and won, the right to vote? Who cares that a

one-leggedyoungmanhadtheaudacitytothinkhecouldendcan-

cer by running across Canada? And why does it matter that, in

thedyingsecondsofahockeygameinMoscow,aCanadianplayer

banged in his own rebound—vaulting his team from ignominy

toimmortality?

In2008,The Beaver featuredastorycalled“10PhotosThat

ChangedCanada.”onthecoverwasaphotoofTerryFoxinsilhou-

ette, running along a rain-slicked road in ontario in July 1980.

AccompanyingTerry’sphotowerethesewords:“somefilleduswith

pride,othersbroughtustotears.Thesearetheimagesthatshaped

ournation.”

sifting through hundreds of photographs in search of the

bestforthiscollection,wecametoseethatCanadahasmanyiconic

images. All of the photos in this book have, in some way, shaped

our perceptions of Canada and of ourselves. They’re a tangible

reminder of the collective triumphs, failures, and sacrifices experi-

encedbyCanadiansthroughouttheyears.

Ifthereisauniversaltruthtobefoundinthiscompilation,it’s

this:Historylivesonlyaslongastherearethosewillingtoremember

it.Greatphotographsarenotonlyavividandvisualreminderofour

past,theyareameanstopreserveit.

This collection of 100 Photos That Changed Canada is by no

meansadefinitivelist.It’sasnapshotofwhowewere,whoweare,

andwhowemightbecome.

Contents ix Listof100Photos xi ForewordbyCharlotteGray xv PrefacebyDeborahMorrison xix IntroductionbyMarkReid

1 PartOne1847–1921:theroadtonationhood

VoICes:MichaelBliss;JimBurant;MagaretConrad;TimCook;DenysDelâge;J.L.Granatstein;CharlotteGray;JacquesLacoursière;TinaLoo;PeterMansbridge;KenMcGoogan;ChristopherMoore;DeborahMorrison;Nelleoosterom;AndréPicard;BrianYoung

55 ParttwO1922–1955:ForgedinFire

VoICes:IrvingAbella;MichaelBliss;TimCook;WillFerguson;J.L.Granatstein;RudyardGriffiths;PhilKoch;JacquesLacoursière;PeterMansbridge;ChristopherMoore;DesmondMorton;DonNewman;Nelleoosterom;RichardW.Pound;JoelRalph;MarkReid;GraemeRoy;BrianTobin;ChrisWebb;WinonaWheeler

109 Partthree1956–1979:InSearchofOurselves

VoICes:ThomasA.Axworthy;JimBurant;TimCook;PeterDesbarats;WillFergu-son;DeborahGrey;PaulJones;JacquesLacoursière;TinaLoo;PeterMansbridge;ChristopherMoore;DesmondMorton;DonNewman;Nelleoosterom;AndréPicard;RobertPichette;RichardW.Pound;BrianTobin;ChrisWebb

161 PartFOur1980–Present:FutureFocus

VoICes:ChristieBlatchford;MichaelBliss;PeterDesbarats;CharlotteGray;PaulJones;JacquesLacoursière;TinaLoo;PeterMansbridge;BrianMaracle;KenMcGoogan;ChristopherMoore;DeborahMorrison;DesmondMorton;DonNewman;JacquesPoitras;RichardW.Pound;MarkReid;BeverleyTallon;ChrisWebb;WinonaWheeler

219 Acknowledgements 221 Contributors 227 PhotoCredits

100 Photos That Changed CanadaCopyright©2009by.Allrightsreserved.PublishedbyHarperCollinsPublishersLtdFirsteditionNo part of this book may be used or reproduced in anymannerwhatsoeverwithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinthecaseofbriefquotationsembodiedinreviews.HarperCollinsbooksmaybepurchasedforeducational,busi-ness,orsalespromotionalusethroughourspecialMarketsDepartment.HarperCollinsPublishersLtd2Bloorstreeteast,20thFloorToronto,ontario,CanadaM4W1A8www.harpercollins.caLibrary and Archives Canada Cataloguing in PublicationinformationisavailableIsBN:PP987654321PrintedandboundinHongKong

originalartdesign/montageconceptMichelGroleau

Copy-editing:PhilKochNelleoosteromBeverleyTallon

Contents ix Listof100Photos xi ForewordbyCharlotteGray xv PrefacebyDeborahMorrison xix IntroductionbyMarkReid

1 PartOne1847–1921:theroadtonationhood

VoICes:MichaelBliss;JimBurant;MagaretConrad;TimCook;DenysDelâge;J.L.Granatstein;CharlotteGray;JacquesLacoursière;TinaLoo;PeterMansbridge;KenMcGoogan;ChristopherMoore;DeborahMorrison;Nelleoosterom;AndréPicard;BrianYoung

55 ParttwO1922–1955:ForgedinFire

VoICes:IrvingAbella;MichaelBliss;TimCook;WillFerguson;J.L.Granatstein;RudyardGriffiths;PhilKoch;JacquesLacoursière;PeterMansbridge;ChristopherMoore;DesmondMorton;DonNewman;Nelleoosterom;RichardW.Pound;JoelRalph;MarkReid;GraemeRoy;BrianTobin;ChrisWebb;WinonaWheeler

109 Partthree1956–1979:InSearchofOurselves

VoICes:ThomasA.Axworthy;JimBurant;TimCook;PeterDesbarats;WillFergu-son;DeborahGrey;PaulJones;JacquesLacoursière;TinaLoo;PeterMansbridge;ChristopherMoore;DesmondMorton;DonNewman;Nelleoosterom;AndréPicard;RobertPichette;RichardW.Pound;BrianTobin;ChrisWebb

161 PartFOur1980–Present:FutureFocus

VoICes:ChristieBlatchford;MichaelBliss;PeterDesbarats;CharlotteGray;PaulJones;JacquesLacoursière;TinaLoo;PeterMansbridge;BrianMaracle;KenMcGoogan;ChristopherMoore;DeborahMorrison;DesmondMorton;DonNewman;JacquesPoitras;RichardW.Pound;MarkReid;BeverleyTallon;ChrisWebb;WinonaWheeler

219 Acknowledgements 221 Contributors 227 PhotoCredits

100 Photos That Changed CanadaCopyright©2009by.Allrightsreserved.PublishedbyHarperCollinsPublishersLtdFirsteditionNo part of this book may be used or reproduced in anymannerwhatsoeverwithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinthecaseofbriefquotationsembodiedinreviews.HarperCollinsbooksmaybepurchasedforeducational,busi-ness,orsalespromotionalusethroughourspecialMarketsDepartment.HarperCollinsPublishersLtd2Bloorstreeteast,20thFloorToronto,ontario,CanadaM4W1A8www.harpercollins.caLibrary and Archives Canada Cataloguing in PublicationinformationisavailableIsBN:PP987654321PrintedandboundinHongKong

originalartdesign/montageconceptMichelGroleau

Copy-editing:PhilKochNelleoosteromBeverleyTallon

100 photos that changed canada 37

OverthetopIconic war image not what it seems

tIMCOOk

ThisisthemostfamousphotographofCanadiansintheGreatWar.Itcapturestheinfantryonthefiringlineandreadyto“gooverthetop”tocrossthekillingfieldsofnoman’sland,whereshotandshellwillleavesoldierstornandshattered.Thisevocativeimagecapturestheanxietybeforebattleandtheunknowingnessofsoldierswhoareabouttofacedeath.

It’salsoafake.The Great War was the most traumatic event in Canadian history. By war’s end, some

20percentofallmaleshadservedoverseas,andsome66,000hadbeenkilled.Itwasawarthatwasreportedondaily.PhotographswereimportantinkeepingCanadiansabreastofthesituationoverseas,andtokeepupspirits.

sirMaxAitken—laterLordBeaverbrook,anexpatriatemultimillionaire—wasresponsibleforpublicizingCanada’soverseaswareffort.BeaverbrookusedhispowerfulconnectionsandnearlylimitlessfundstobreaktheWaroffice’sobjectionstohavingphotographersatthefront.Bythesummerof1916,Beaverbrookhadarrangedforofficialphotographers,filmmakers,andartiststodocumenttheCanadiansatthefront.

Buttakingphotographsatthesharpendoftheconflictwasdifficult.Theequipmentwasfragile and bulky. sniper’s bullets, shrapnel, and high explosives discouraged photographersfromallowingtheirheadsorcamerastoprotrudeabovethetrenchparapets.Whentheydid,thesmokeandexplosionsmadeitdifficulttogetanyusefulshotsofCanadiansincombat.

official photographer William Ivor Castle had a solution. He would photograph theCanadiansbehindthelines.Heandotherphotographersalsoemployeddarkroomtechniquestoaddinshellfireburstsabovesoldiers.

Thisimage,shotatatrainingcampatst.Pol,France,waspassedoffasatruerepresentationofsoldiersinthefrontlinesreadyforbattle.Butdoesitmatterthatthesoldiersherewerenotat the front? Does it lose any of its power in capturing the essence of battle when we knowthatitwastakeninatrainingarearatherthanonthekillinggroundoftheWesternFront?Dophotographshavetorepresentthetruth?

Mostobserverswouldsayyes,assumingaphotographisatruthfulandaccuraterepre-sentationofsomethingthathappened,andiscapturedthroughthephotographicprocess.Yetwhatabouteventsthatfalloutsidethelens’sview,remainingundocumentedbychoice?Ifweallowthatartcancapturetheessenceofanevent,person,orplace,istherenoroomforthisinphotographs?

Whathappenswhenaphotographthisevocativerepresentsanimaginedeventbetterthananytruthfulrepresentation?

Overthetop,atrainingexercisenearSt.Pol,France,1916.

17

100 photos that changed canada 37

OverthetopIconic war image not what it seems

tIMCOOk

ThisisthemostfamousphotographofCanadiansintheGreatWar.Itcapturestheinfantryonthefiringlineandreadyto“gooverthetop”tocrossthekillingfieldsofnoman’sland,whereshotandshellwillleavesoldierstornandshattered.Thisevocativeimagecapturestheanxietybeforebattleandtheunknowingnessofsoldierswhoareabouttofacedeath.

It’salsoafake.The Great War was the most traumatic event in Canadian history. By war’s end, some

20percentofallmaleshadservedoverseas,andsome66,000hadbeenkilled.Itwasawarthatwasreportedondaily.PhotographswereimportantinkeepingCanadiansabreastofthesituationoverseas,andtokeepupspirits.

sirMaxAitken—laterLordBeaverbrook,anexpatriatemultimillionaire—wasresponsibleforpublicizingCanada’soverseaswareffort.BeaverbrookusedhispowerfulconnectionsandnearlylimitlessfundstobreaktheWaroffice’sobjectionstohavingphotographersatthefront.Bythesummerof1916,Beaverbrookhadarrangedforofficialphotographers,filmmakers,andartiststodocumenttheCanadiansatthefront.

Buttakingphotographsatthesharpendoftheconflictwasdifficult.Theequipmentwasfragile and bulky. sniper’s bullets, shrapnel, and high explosives discouraged photographersfromallowingtheirheadsorcamerastoprotrudeabovethetrenchparapets.Whentheydid,thesmokeandexplosionsmadeitdifficulttogetanyusefulshotsofCanadiansincombat.

official photographer William Ivor Castle had a solution. He would photograph theCanadiansbehindthelines.Heandotherphotographersalsoemployeddarkroomtechniquestoaddinshellfireburstsabovesoldiers.

Thisimage,shotatatrainingcampatst.Pol,France,waspassedoffasatruerepresentationofsoldiersinthefrontlinesreadyforbattle.Butdoesitmatterthatthesoldiersherewerenotat the front? Does it lose any of its power in capturing the essence of battle when we knowthatitwastakeninatrainingarearatherthanonthekillinggroundoftheWesternFront?Dophotographshavetorepresentthetruth?

Mostobserverswouldsayyes,assumingaphotographisatruthfulandaccuraterepre-sentationofsomethingthathappened,andiscapturedthroughthephotographicprocess.Yetwhatabouteventsthatfalloutsidethelens’sview,remainingundocumentedbychoice?Ifweallowthatartcancapturetheessenceofanevent,person,orplace,istherenoroomforthisinphotographs?

Whathappenswhenaphotographthisevocativerepresentsanimaginedeventbetterthananytruthfulrepresentation?

Overthetop,atrainingexercisenearSt.Pol,France,1916.

17

100 photos that changed canada 121

hopeFloatsOutport resettlements painful, but necessary

BrIantOBIn

Canadianshavealwaysbeendrawnfromruralcommunitiestoourlargertownsandcities.ThesameistrueofNewfoundlandandLabrador.However,thepaceofresettlementacceleratedfol-lowingConfederationwithCanadain1949,asPremierJosephsmallwoodadoptedhispolicyof“DeveloporPerish.”smallwoodwasdeterminedtobringthenewestprovinceofCanadaoutof poverty and into the mainstream of Canadian society. The traditional inshore fishery wasfailing,andisolatedcoastalcommunites—reliantontheinshorefishery—wereoftenincrisis.

In1954,smallwoodintroducedavoluntaryresettlementprogramandthefirstofsome300coastalcommunities—withover30,000men,women,andchildren—leftbehindalltheyknewtostartlifeanew.

Thosewhocouldliterallyseveredtheirhomesfromtheir foundationsandfloatedthemto their new communities. They took the painful step of abandoning their churches and thegraveyardsthatcontainedgenerationsoffamiliesandfriends.Theygaveupthefishingberthsthathadbeenafamilybirthrightandsetoutacrossopenwatertonew,largercommunities.

ThesmallwoodgovernmenthadpromisedabetterlifeforallNewfoundlanders.However,whilethevoluntaryresettlementprogramsattractedmany,theywerenotenough.

By1965,newmeasureswereintroduced.IthadbeensixteenyearssinceConfederation,andboththeprovincialandfederalgovernmentswerestrugglingtoprovidemedical,educational,and transportation services to isolated coastal communities. The new federal-provincialFisheriesHouseholdResettlementProgramrequiredcommunitiestovoteonwhethertotakepart;tonegotiatethetermsoftheirresettlement;andtothenvoteagainbeforequalifyingforcompensation.

entirecommunitiesweremovedtogrowthcentreswherenewjobsinthedeep-seafishery,infishplants,andinserviceindustriesweresaidtobewaiting.Althoughmanyjobswerepromised,notallweredelivered,andtheresettlementprogramprovedtobedeeplycontroversial.Tothisday,thedebatecontinues;muchoftheliterature,poetry,theatre,andmusicofNewfoundlandandLabradorisinfluencedbytheresettlementprograms.

Thequestionis:Wasresettlementaboonorabanetothepeopleoftheprovince?Manyofresettlement’sharshestcriticshaveneverlivedintheoutportcommunitiesthatoftenlackedwaterandsewerservices,adequateeducationfacilities,orlife-savingbasichealthcare.

Inthis1961photo,threechildrenwatchasahomebelongingtoMalcolmRogersismooredoffshore,awaitinghightide.WhenRogersfloatedhishomefromsilverFoxIslandtoDover,onBonavistaBay,hisheartmusthavebeenheavyforallthathehadleftbehind.However,it’sequallytruethatinpainfullybreakingwiththepast,Rogershadimprovedhischildren’sfuture.RogershaddonewhatgenerationsofCanadianshavedone—sailedacrossabay,oracrossanocean,tosecurebrighterfuturesforthegenerationsthatfollowed.

Floatingnewfoundlandhouse,duringoutportresettlement,august1961.55

100 photos that changed canada 121

hopeFloatsOutport resettlements painful, but necessary

BrIantOBIn

Canadianshavealwaysbeendrawnfromruralcommunitiestoourlargertownsandcities.ThesameistrueofNewfoundlandandLabrador.However,thepaceofresettlementacceleratedfol-lowingConfederationwithCanadain1949,asPremierJosephsmallwoodadoptedhispolicyof“DeveloporPerish.”smallwoodwasdeterminedtobringthenewestprovinceofCanadaoutof poverty and into the mainstream of Canadian society. The traditional inshore fishery wasfailing,andisolatedcoastalcommunites—reliantontheinshorefishery—wereoftenincrisis.

In1954,smallwoodintroducedavoluntaryresettlementprogramandthefirstofsome300coastalcommunities—withover30,000men,women,andchildren—leftbehindalltheyknewtostartlifeanew.

Thosewhocouldliterallyseveredtheirhomesfromtheir foundationsandfloatedthemto their new communities. They took the painful step of abandoning their churches and thegraveyardsthatcontainedgenerationsoffamiliesandfriends.Theygaveupthefishingberthsthathadbeenafamilybirthrightandsetoutacrossopenwatertonew,largercommunities.

ThesmallwoodgovernmenthadpromisedabetterlifeforallNewfoundlanders.However,whilethevoluntaryresettlementprogramsattractedmany,theywerenotenough.

By1965,newmeasureswereintroduced.IthadbeensixteenyearssinceConfederation,andboththeprovincialandfederalgovernmentswerestrugglingtoprovidemedical,educational,and transportation services to isolated coastal communities. The new federal-provincialFisheriesHouseholdResettlementProgramrequiredcommunitiestovoteonwhethertotakepart;tonegotiatethetermsoftheirresettlement;andtothenvoteagainbeforequalifyingforcompensation.

entirecommunitiesweremovedtogrowthcentreswherenewjobsinthedeep-seafishery,infishplants,andinserviceindustriesweresaidtobewaiting.Althoughmanyjobswerepromised,notallweredelivered,andtheresettlementprogramprovedtobedeeplycontroversial.Tothisday,thedebatecontinues;muchoftheliterature,poetry,theatre,andmusicofNewfoundlandandLabradorisinfluencedbytheresettlementprograms.

Thequestionis:Wasresettlementaboonorabanetothepeopleoftheprovince?Manyofresettlement’sharshestcriticshaveneverlivedintheoutportcommunitiesthatoftenlackedwaterandsewerservices,adequateeducationfacilities,orlife-savingbasichealthcare.

Inthis1961photo,threechildrenwatchasahomebelongingtoMalcolmRogersismooredoffshore,awaitinghightide.WhenRogersfloatedhishomefromsilverFoxIslandtoDover,onBonavistaBay,hisheartmusthavebeenheavyforallthathehadleftbehind.However,it’sequallytruethatinpainfullybreakingwiththepast,Rogershadimprovedhischildren’sfuture.RogershaddonewhatgenerationsofCanadianshavedone—sailedacrossabay,oracrossanocean,tosecurebrighterfuturesforthegenerationsthatfollowed.

Floatingnewfoundlandhouse,duringoutportresettlement,august1961.55

146 100 photos that changed canada

henderson’sGoalLast-minute salvation for hockey-mad nation

ChrISweBB

Thisiswhatredemptionlookslike—butitdidn’tcomeeasy.WhennewshitinApril1972thatCanada’sgreatesthockeyproswouldchallengethesoviet

Uniontoaneight-game“Friendshipseries,”theentirecountryknewitwouldbeanythingbutfriendly.

Foryears,thesovietshaddominatedtheinternationalamateurgame.ButnowourtopstarsweretakingtotheiceandhockeyfanssalivatedatthethoughtofCanada’sbestsweepingtheBigRedMachine.

TheseriesopenedinMontrealwithnooneexpectingasovietvictory.CanadiansbelievedtheCommunistswouldcrumbleagainstthelikesofPhilespositoandBobbyClarke.

They were wrong. Game 1 ended in a 7-3 victory for the soviets, sending shock wavesthroughoutCanada.TheCanadiansbouncedbackforawininTorontoandthenatieinWin-nipeg.ButinGame4,fansbooedthehometeamofftheiceaftera5-3lossinVancouver.“Thisisn’tagame.Thisisawarandwe’dbettergetourselvestogether,”esposito,Canada’scaptain,saidatthetime.

ThiswasaColdWarofflashingskatesandcrushingbodychecks.Twoideologies—oppos-ingwaysoflifeandofplayinghockey—foughtforsupremacy.

TheshakyhomeseriesleftmanyCanadiansunsureofCanada’sstatusasagreathockeynation.TheunsteadinessworsenedwhentheseriesshiftedtoMoscow,wheretheCanuckslostGame5andbarelywonGames6and7.

onseptember28,1972,CanadianseverywheregatheredanxiouslyaroundtheirTVsandradiosfortheeighthandfinalgameoftheseries.

InthedyingsecondsatMoscow’sLuzhnikisportsPalace—withthescoretiedat5-5—PaulHenderson flew into the soviet zone, shooting once, getting the rebound, and then shootingagain.FosterHewitt,thevoiceofCanadianhockey,shoutedthewordsthatstillleavetheheartsofmanyCanadiansracing:“HendersonhasscoredforCanada!”

Henderson raised his arms in the air and was embraced by teammate Yvon Cournoyer,while goalie Vladislav Tretiak lay sprawled in defeat behind them. Canadian fans leapt fromtheirseats.

FormanyCanadians,itisthesinglegreatestsportingmomentoftheirlives.TheroarofcelebrationinthestreetsandlivingroomsacrossCanadawasaboutmorethanhockey.Foracountrysometimesdividedbylanguageandidentity,millionscametogethertosupportwhathasbeencalledthegreatesthockeyteamofthetwentiethcentury.

Thisimmortalimage,photographedbytheToronto Star’sFrankLennon,hassincebeenreproducedasacoin,apostagestamp,andoncountlesshockeycardsandposters.

ThesummitseriesremainsoneofthefewathleticeventsthattranscendedCanadiansporttobecomepartofourcollectiveconsciousness.

henderson’sgoal,Moscow,September28,1972.

68

146 100 photos that changed canada

henderson’sGoalLast-minute salvation for hockey-mad nation

ChrISweBB

Thisiswhatredemptionlookslike—butitdidn’tcomeeasy.WhennewshitinApril1972thatCanada’sgreatesthockeyproswouldchallengethesoviet

Uniontoaneight-game“Friendshipseries,”theentirecountryknewitwouldbeanythingbutfriendly.

Foryears,thesovietshaddominatedtheinternationalamateurgame.ButnowourtopstarsweretakingtotheiceandhockeyfanssalivatedatthethoughtofCanada’sbestsweepingtheBigRedMachine.

TheseriesopenedinMontrealwithnooneexpectingasovietvictory.CanadiansbelievedtheCommunistswouldcrumbleagainstthelikesofPhilespositoandBobbyClarke.

They were wrong. Game 1 ended in a 7-3 victory for the soviets, sending shock wavesthroughoutCanada.TheCanadiansbouncedbackforawininTorontoandthenatieinWin-nipeg.ButinGame4,fansbooedthehometeamofftheiceaftera5-3lossinVancouver.“Thisisn’tagame.Thisisawarandwe’dbettergetourselvestogether,”esposito,Canada’scaptain,saidatthetime.

ThiswasaColdWarofflashingskatesandcrushingbodychecks.Twoideologies—oppos-ingwaysoflifeandofplayinghockey—foughtforsupremacy.

TheshakyhomeseriesleftmanyCanadiansunsureofCanada’sstatusasagreathockeynation.TheunsteadinessworsenedwhentheseriesshiftedtoMoscow,wheretheCanuckslostGame5andbarelywonGames6and7.

onseptember28,1972,CanadianseverywheregatheredanxiouslyaroundtheirTVsandradiosfortheeighthandfinalgameoftheseries.

InthedyingsecondsatMoscow’sLuzhnikisportsPalace—withthescoretiedat5-5—PaulHenderson flew into the soviet zone, shooting once, getting the rebound, and then shootingagain.FosterHewitt,thevoiceofCanadianhockey,shoutedthewordsthatstillleavetheheartsofmanyCanadiansracing:“HendersonhasscoredforCanada!”

Henderson raised his arms in the air and was embraced by teammate Yvon Cournoyer,while goalie Vladislav Tretiak lay sprawled in defeat behind them. Canadian fans leapt fromtheirseats.

FormanyCanadians,itisthesinglegreatestsportingmomentoftheirlives.TheroarofcelebrationinthestreetsandlivingroomsacrossCanadawasaboutmorethanhockey.Foracountrysometimesdividedbylanguageandidentity,millionscametogethertosupportwhathasbeencalledthegreatesthockeyteamofthetwentiethcentury.

Thisimmortalimage,photographedbytheToronto Star’sFrankLennon,hassincebeenreproducedasacoin,apostagestamp,andoncountlesshockeycardsandposters.

ThesummitseriesremainsoneofthefewathleticeventsthattranscendedCanadiansporttobecomepartofourcollectiveconsciousness.

henderson’sgoal,Moscow,September28,1972.

68