10 years agricultural ontology initiative: building blocks for a linked data infrastructure
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10 years Agricultural Ontology Initiative: Building Blocks for a Linked Data Infrastructure
Dr. Johannes Keizer
FAO of the United Nations
Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension
Team Leader “Knowledge Standards and Services”
10/2010
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The Internet!
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Aggregation States of Knowledge
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Data Flows and Repositories in Research
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
“... FAO’s principle task is to work to ensure that the world’s knowledge of food and
agriculture is available to those who need it when they need it and in a form which they can
access and use ...”
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AOS Vision in 2001
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
..from thesaurus to Ontologies….
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Our push of AGROVOC to the Semantic Web had enormous positive effects, among others
From 4 to 20 language versions
Defacto standard for indexing in many areas
More than 2000 downloads only in 2009
SKOS incorporated all our requirements
For many purposes we need semantics on a lower level than of a fully elaborated ontology – but we need them urgently
The development of specific Ontologies should be always application driven – a demand economy
Lessons Learned
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AOS - TodaySemanticsTools
Linked DataCommunity
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Community
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The AOS Community
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
http://aims.fao.org/community/home
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Better Semantics
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
around 30,000 concepts
600000 labels in around 20 languages.
one-stop shop for terminological knowledge related to agriculture in general
a knowledge base of related concepts organized in ontological relationships (hierarchical, associative, equivalence)
Is a concept/term/string based system
Concepts may be organized in multiple categories.
AGROVOC concept scheme
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Further schemes in FAO
skos:broader
:bar
has_synonymhas_translation
skos:literalForm “maize”:foomaïs (fr)
:foo
has_synonymskos:literalForm “corn”
:bar
8171
1474
skosxl:altLabel
skosxl:prefLabel
skos:broader
has_synonym
SKOS Label
The AGROVOC concept scheme
SKOSConcept
rdf:type
rdf:type
6211
skos:broader
AGROVOCConceptScheme
skos:topConceptOf
skos:inScheme
Another scheme in FAO
Other scheme in FAO
skos:inScheme
12332
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Work Expression Manifestation Item
Subjects
Corporate Bodies
Conferences Journals
Series
FAO Projects
FAO FRBR Model & Authority Data
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
isSpatiallyIncludedInisSpatiallyIncludedIn
isPublishedByisPublishedBy
isOtherLanguageEditionOfisOtherLanguageEditionOf
isFollowedBy/FollowsisFollowedBy/Follows
EXAMPLE: JOURNAL CONTENT MODEL
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
A Model to create Linked Data
Rich set of relationships Easier implementation of concept-based thesauri and authority data
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Geopolitical Ontology
OEKM FAO of the UN 20
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Fishery Ontologies
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
What Partners have done…..
Rice Knowledge Models
Rice Production Ontology
ASFA Thesaurus
VIVO Ontologies
Look to the many presentations on this workshop
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Tools
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The Concept Scheme Work Bench
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Drupal
AgriDrupal is a “suite of solutions” for agricultural information management and dissemination, built on the Drupal CMS by different
Institutions and individuals who are now sharing their experiences in the AgriDrupal community
Drupal, a semantic web enabled CMS General purpose CMS necessary
Drupal has flexibility to manage all information types
Drupal has a strong user community
Version 7 natively with RDF backbone, but semantic applications already possible with version 6
Drupal can be a producer and consumer of Linked Data
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Drupal Query run on a Drupal website from a Virtuoso test environment at http://demo.openlinksw.com/sparql_demo/
SPARQL endpoint
RDF triples
Drupal website
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
• Objectives:• Assure quality in metadata creation • Sharing information in a standardized manner • Use of common semantics and interoperable
syntaxes• Use of more sophisticated and specialized
metadata • Use of controlled, multilingual vocabularies
• Requirements:• AGRIS AP compliancy• AGROVOC
AgriOcean Dspace – a tool for Repositories
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AgriOceanDspace – Thesaurus plug in
• Developed by Kasetsart University (Bangkok, Thailand)
• Thesaurus plug-ino Web services: use local or remote version of AGROVOC
thesaurus/SKOS
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Linking Data
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The Linked Data Universe: http://www.linkeddata.org (july 2010)
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search/display.do?f=2004/ZA/ZA04002.xml;ZA2004000049
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AGROVOC EUROVOC UNBIS Relationship http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207
http://eurovoc.europa.eu/219055
agroforestry skos:exactMatch/ owl:sameAs
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4826
http://eurovoc.europa.eu/220018
MILK skos:exactMatch/ owl:sameAs
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12332
http://eurovoc.europa.eu/219871
MAIZE skos:exactMatch/ owl:sameAs
Linking vocabularies
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7825
http://eurovoc.europa.eu/218754
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
http://eurovoc.europa.eu/219871
Maize
skosxl: literalForm
Maize
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12332
AGROVOC
skosxl: literalFormMaize
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12332 owl:sameAs http://eurovoc.europa.eu/219871
owl:sameAs/exactMatch
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search/display.do?f=1996/TR/TR96001.xml;TR9600026
Linking data through common URIs
skosxl: literalForm
owl:sameAs/exactMatch
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:202:0011:0015:EN:PDF
http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=128F308557F34.283092&profile=bib&uri=full=3100001~!685149~!1&ri=1&aspect=subtab124&menu=search&source=~!horizon
Maize
Eurovoc
UNBIS
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
What are we doing with unstructured data?
• We have enormous amounts of unstructured material
• Still most of the documents that we are producing are mostly semantically unstructured
• Human work to catalogue and index is becoming always more rare
• We need machines to do automatic semantic mark ups of text
• If machines are trained and based on concept schemes, ther are able to do so
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
• Does Concept identification in unstructured texts
• Uses Agrovoc as a controlled vocabulary
• Prototype under testing with excellent results (entire repository of ICARDA indexed)
• Will produce in future Structured RDF files that can be used to link data like “open Calais”
•
AgroTagger
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Life Demo: Semantic mark ups:
http://viewer.opencalais.com/
http://agropedialabs.iitk.ac.in/Tagger/Agrotagger_text.php
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The CIARD RING
dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AGRIS Linked Data
Thank You!http://www.ciard.nethttp://ring.ciard.nethttp://aims.fao.orghttp://agris.fao.org