10 presentation waterlosses workshop cmi
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http://beta.cmimarseille.org/sites/default/files/10_presentation_waterlosses_workshop_cmi.pdfTRANSCRIPT
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Ing Marc Muscat Water Services Corporation
Malta
Email: [email protected]
History of NRW Management in Malta
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The Maltese Islands • Three islands – Malta, Gozo & Comino
• Area
− Malta – 246 km2
− Gozo & Comino – 70 km2
• Population – 410,000 (density 1,300 pax/km2)
• Temperature – from 7ºC to 35ºC
• Rainfall – 500-600mm average
• No rivers or lakes
• Production Sources consist of 3 SWROs & 130 boreholes and pumping stations for a total of 135,000 m3/day
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The Distribution Network • Network is made up of 2,300km of main pipes,
more than ⅔ of which being DICL pipes laid from the 70s onwards.
– 350km (or 15%) are trunk mains – 1,950km (or 85%) are smaller distributory or
reticulation mains • Feeding around 140k service connections –
using pe since 1995 • Supplying the whole customer base (250k
premises)
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‘5 Force’ Leak Control Methodology
Pre
ssur
e M
anag
emen
t
UARL
CARL
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Improvements to the Network
• All premises are metered • Network is divided into around 300
zones and subzones, each one permanently metered
• Pressure control: – We have 214 Pressure Reducing
valves, some of which have automated control. Evolved from large PRVs controlling large zones to small PRVs on smaller zones
– Control is also via 28 variable speed drives on pumps
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Leakage Levels
• Leakage has been brought down from around 3,900m3/hr in the mid-90s to below 500m3/hr now.
• Correspondingly, ILI in the mid-90s was around 10 but was down to 2.3 for 2011
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Water Production Variation from 1990 to 2011
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Decrease in Water Production & Real Losses Over Time
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Rea
l Los
ses
in M
illio
n m
3 per
ann
um
Wat
er P
rodu
ced
in M
illio
n m
3 per
ann
um
Year
Water Produced
Real Losses
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One of many reasons why %s are unsuitable for both Process and Metric Benchmarking
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Non-Revenue Water
• Target now to sustain focus on RL and intensify efforts on AL
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The Four Components
Meter Reading
Errors Billing Errors
Theft of Water
Meter Under-
registration
APPARENT LOSSES
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3.75Lt/Hr 7.5Lt/Hr 1m /Hr 2m /Hr
Class D (Q =1.0m /Hr) Meter
Accuracy
Flow
5% under recording
5% over recording 2% over recording
2% under recording
The Water Meter • All premises are metered • Rotary piston water meters. • Magnetic coupling improved
performance • Two problems:
– Meter performance at low flows – Gradual deterioration in overall performance
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Low flows?
• Almost all premises have water storage
• Problem caused by float valve
• Very low flows below the starting flow of meters
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Flow recorded by meter, at a flow above starting flow
Flow not recorded by meter, at a flow below starting flow
Water being consumed within household
Flow (Lt/Hour)
Time (Minutes) 10 20 30 40 0
10
20
30
Flow recorded by meter, at a flow above starting flow
Flow not recorded by meter, at a flow below starting flow
Water being consumed within household
Flow (Lt/Hour)
Time (Minutes) 10 20 30 40 0
10
20
30
The Effect of the Float Valve
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% Apparent Loss is much lower for direct pressure systems
customer storage tanks
Direct pressure systems in white (many claim zero apparent losses)
Source: IWA International Leakage Report, 2000
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AMM Project Objectives
AMM installations: 5 main objectives
• Improve Billing → timely & reliable
• Cash Flow + reduction/elimination estimated bills
• To access meter data remotely & continuously
• Customer oriented – a communication platform
• Permits Total Water Balancing
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AMM – VHF System Architecture
Acquisi'on system
VHF Antennas
GSM/GPRS Mobile network
VHF transmission
GSM/GPRS transmission
Gateway unit
Meter with compact VHF module
Meter with Pulse/SL module
Pulse or Serial link
Deported transmiCer
IrDa
IrDa
PDA GPRS
RF Recep'on Unit VHF Receivers
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Benefits of AMM To WSC
1. More accurate billing (‘actual’)
2. Revenue / Cash flow enhancement
3. Unlimited access to meter data
4. More flexible billing cycles
5. Improved customer service - Can provide effective and meaningful feedback to consumers
6. Real time remote monitoring of flow (incl. DMA’s)
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Benefits of AMM To WSC (continued)
7. Tampering will be more easily detected
8. Profiling of customers possible
9. Assists to find MNF’s and calculate the LNC’s
10. Water Balance in primary network
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Benefits of AMM: To Customers
1. Less estimates, more accurate and timely bills
2. Consumer Profiling is possible
3. Less disturbance to customer to read meter manually inside the premises
4. Less billing disputes
5. Can help to detect internal leaks & high consumption
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Water Balancing in DMAs
Revenue Meters
Wat
er B
illed
Wat
er D
eliv
ered
to
Zon
es
Zone & sub Meters X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
Synch Readings
Water Balance
E.g - Comparing DMA metered volume with the aggregate consumption for same period
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For more details about the Water Services Corporation
Website : www.wsc.com.mt
E-mail : [email protected]
Thanks for listening