10 november 2014 10 november 2014 bellringer: social pyramid dbq – packet page 4 –2 sentences...
TRANSCRIPT
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10 November 2014• Bellringer: Social Pyramid DBQ – Packet
page 4– 2 Sentences– Answer Statement– Source & Describe the Source
• 1st of the Three Kingdoms–Old Kingdom & Social Pyramid
• HW: Chapter 4.2 Magnet Notes – due tomorrow– Chapter 4.1 & 4.2 Quiz - Wednesday
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Cause: When Menes united the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt, he took a bride of the other kingdom and combined
the crowns. • So…what
happened as a result of that?
• 1. Menes founded the first dynasty.
• 2. The people of both kingdoms respected his rule.
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Egyptian Social Pyramid
Pharaoh
Nobles (Officials & Priests)Often related to the Pharaoh
Merchants, Scribes & Craftspeople
Farmers ~ 80% of the population!----------------------------------------------Servants & Slaves
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The ThreeKingdoms of Egypt
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Old Kingdom
• 2700 BC – 2200 BC• Ruled by strong
pharaohs who were thought to be both king and god.
• One of the most famous pharaohs was Khufu (2500s BC) – known for monuments that were built to him
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Old Kingdom
• Egyptians traded with their neighbors.
• Ex:– wood– perfume and medicine– gold, ivory, and stone
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Old Kingdom• Polytheistic Religion• Much of the religion focused on the afterlife
• Built large temples and pyramids for burial and the afterlife. (It was during this Kingdom that the pyramids were built.)
• They symbolized the pharaoh’s importance & the shape symbolized the pharaoh’s journey to the afterlife….but they were $$$$
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2200 BC – 2050 BC
• The building and maintaining of pyramids was expensive. The pharaoh’s wealth and power declined.
• Nobles gained enough power to challenge the pharaoh’s authority.
• Without a central ruler, trade was disrupted and the Egyptian people faced economic hardship and famine.
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Cause: At the end of the Old Kingdom the pharaoh’s power declined. The cost of building pyramids cost a lot of money.
• So…what happened as a result?• 1. Pharaohs couldn’t pay for the
projects.• 2. Nobles slowly took power. • 3. The Old Kingdom fell apart.
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• Split to 3– Ba (soul)
• Human headed bird
– Ka (life force )• spirit double
– Akh (“effectiveness”)
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Old Kingdom
Egyptian social pyramid consisted of pharaohs and
nobles on top with farmers and slaves on the bottom.
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13 November 2014
• Bellringer: Mummy Maker! – Let’s see what you remember from yesterday!
• Middle & New Kingdom Notes– How did they Start & End?
• HW: Read Chapter 4.3– Reading Questions– Reading/Writing Grade
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Middle Kingdom
• 2050 BC – 1750 BC• Mentuhotep II
defeated his rivals and brought unity back to Egypt.
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Middle Kingdom
• Trade resumed, irrigation was repaired, and writing was rediscovered.
• Cities kept their political independence. (Pharaohs had little power)
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1750 BC – 1550 BC • But…they began to experience internal
disorder. The pharaohs could not hold the kingdom together.
• The Hyksos from Southwest Asia conquer Lower Egypt. (They had horses, chariots, and advanced weapons.)
• Egyptians have to pay high taxes to the foreign rulers.
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New Kingdom• 1550 BC – 1050 BC• Ahmose defeats the Hyksos and declares
himself pharaoh of all Egypt.• Period during which Egypt reached its height of
power and glory.
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New Kingdom• Egyptian army
invades and conquers neighboring land and turned Egypt into an empire.
• Military conquests made Egypt rich.
• Recreates old trade routes.
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New Kingdom• Queen Hatshepsut increases the number of
new trade cities.• The wealth gathered from trade was used to
support the arts and architecture.
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Looking Good~ Work/Daily Life• Scribes were highly honored – they worked for
the government and temples. Many became very wealthy.
• Most Egyptian women were devoted to their homes & families, but some had jobs outside of the home.
• Women had some legal rights – they could own land, have contracts & divorce their husbands.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PPk2y_n49g – Looking Good Ancient Egyptian Style• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JSMkwVU_Xw- Farmers vs. the Pharaoh
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End of the New Kingdom
• Ramses the Great was a great military ruler
• He fought against the Hittites (from the North East)
• After Ramses died, the Sea Peoples invaded Shortly after the invasions of the Sea Peoples and Hittites, the New Kingdom ended