10 minute Response:

Identify the Civilization that produced the work shown. What characteristics of this civilization’s style are evident in this figure?

Rubric4 The student Identifies the piece as Akkadian and

provides multiple characteristics of Akkadian Art and how they relate to this Steele.

3 The student Identifies the piece as Akkadian and provides at least one characteristics for Akkadian Art and how they relate to this Steele.

2 The student Identified the work as coming from a civilization in the Ancient Near East and gives one characteristic of Ancient Near Eastern art that can be seen in the Steele. A 2 is the highest score one can get without naming the civilization correctly. There may be major errors.

1 The student identifies the civilization as Akkadian or Ancient Near Eastern but offers no Support.ORThe student gives one characteristic of Akkadian Art without naming the civilization. There may be major errors.

0 The student makes an attempt, but the response is without merit.

ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN ART

Mesopotamian Religion

As people gathered into more organized groups they developed and shared common organized

religion.

Gods, Goddesses, Demons and Monsters

• The people of Mesopotamia believed that their world was controlled by gods and goddesses, demons and monsters.

Gods, Goddesses, Demons and Monsters

• There were hundreds of gods who were responsible for everything in the world, from rivers and trees to making bread and pottery.

Gods, Goddesses, Demons and Monsters

• Demons were created by the gods with human bodies and animal or bird heads. They could be either evil or good. Monsters were a mixture of animals and birds.

Gods, Goddesses, Demons and Monsters

• Each city was protected by its own special god or goddess and their family. Large temples were built in the centre of the city for these gods to live in. Priests looked after the gods with special rituals. There were also smaller temples throughout the city where ordinary people could make offerings.

• At the beginning of time there were only gods and goddesses on earth. They had to work the land to grow crops to eat. This was difficult and they worked very hard.

• Each god and goddess had a job to do. Some dug the fields and planted the crops. Others brought water to the fields in ditches which had to be kept clear of weeds.

• The work was hard, and they were not happy. They got together to discuss what could be done to lighten their workload.

• They went to get advice from Enki, who was wise and clever. Enki was fast asleep in his underwater house.

• Enki suggested that he create creatures to serve them by working the land. Then the gods' and goddesses' lives would be easier.

• The gods and goddesses thought that Enki's plan was a good solution. Enki collected clay from around his watery home and used it to make humans.

• He breathed life into the clay figures, but he limited how long they would live. Only the gods and goddesses would live forever.

• The humans were put to work in the fields. As servants of the gods and goddesses they had to provide them with food and drink for their tables.

• The humans took water from the rivers and fed the dry and lifeless lands. They dug the soil and planted crops.

• With hard work the humans brought life to the land, and the gods and goddesses, who had brought life to the humans, were happy......... for the moment...........

Gods, Goddesses, Demons and Monsters

• The Mesopotamian scribes compiled long lists of their gods.There were hundreds of gods who were responsible for every thing in the world, from rivers and mountains to making bread or pottery.

Gods, Goddesses, Demons and Monsters

• The gods were known by different names depending on whether the scribes wrote Sumerian or Akkadian.

JerichoGreat Stone Tower Title: Human Skull

Date: 6,000 – 5,500 BCE

Çatal Höyük

Reproduction of Landscape Scene of Çatal Höyük Medium: wall paintingLocation: Çatal Höyük, Turkey Date: 6,150 BCE

ChronologyCivilization Time Period LocationSumerian Art c. 3500-2430 B.C.E. Md Iraq

* Neo-Sumerian Art 2150-2000 B.C.E. Md IraqAkkadian Art 2180-2340 B.C.E. Md Iraq

Babylonian Art 1792-1750 B.C.E. Md Iraq* Neo-Babylonian

Artc. 612-539 B.C.E. Md Iraq

Hittite Art c. 1600-1200 B.C.E. Md TurkeyAssyrian Art c. 1000-612 B.C.E. Md IraqPersian Art c. 559-331 B.C.E. Md Iran

REMEMBER THE TIMELINE!

Some SumerianArmies Akkadian

Break Babylonian

Hearts Hittite

And Assyrian

Parts Persian

SUMER (3,500 – 2,340 BCE)

CUNEIFORM

ZIGGURAT

Drawing of Anu Ziggurat &

White Temple, Uruk

3100 BCE

White Temple sanctuary

Warka HeadMedium: MarbleSize: height approx. 8" (20.3 cm)Date: c. 3300–3000 BCE Location: Uruk (present-day Warka, Iraq)

Inlaid with

colored material

s

Warka VaseMedium: Alabaster StoneDate: c. 2900–2600 BCELocation: Uruk (present-day Warka, Iraq)

Votive Figures

Medium: Limestone, alabaster, and gypsumSize: various sizesDate: c. 2900–2600 BCELocation: The Square Temple, Eshnunna (present-day Tell Asmar, Iraq).

Nanna (moon god) Ziggurat, UrDate: c. 2100–2050 BCELocation: Present-day Muqaiyir, Iraq

The Great Lyre with bull’s headMedium: Wood with gold,

silver, lapis lazuli, bitumen, and shell, reassembled in modern wood support

Size: maximum length of lyre 55½”

Date: c. 2550–2400 BCELocation: Royal tomb, Ur

(present-day Muqaiyir, Iraq)

AKKAD (2,300 – 2,150 BCE)

Akkadian rulerMedium: Copper AlloySize: height 14⅜"Date: c. 2300–2200 BCELocation: Nineveh (present-day Kuyunjik, Iraq)

Stele of Naram-SinMedium: LimestoneSize: height 6'6" (1.98 m)Date: c. 2220–2184 BCE

Votive Statue of GudeaMedium: Diorite Size: height 29" (73.7 cm)Date: c. 2090 BCENeo-Sumerian Lagash DynastyLocation: Girsu (present-day Telloh, Iraq)

Stele of HammurabiMedium: DioriteSize: height of stele approx. 7’, height of relief 28“Date: c. 1792–1750 BCEBabylonLocation: Susa (present-day Shush, Iran)

ShamashHammurabi

Hittite (c. 1600-1200 B.C.E)

Lion GateDate: c. 1400 B.C.E.Location: Boghazkoy, Turkey

ASSYRIA (1,000 – 620 BCE)

Palace Comple

xKings

Quarterscourtyar

d

Reconstruction drawing of the citadel and palace complex of Sargon II

Locaion: Dur Sharrukin (Present-Day Khorsabad, Iraq). Date: C. 721–706 BCE

52‘ Platform

Ziggurat

LamassuMedium: LimestoneSize: height 10'3½"Date: 883–859 BCELocation: Palace of Assurnasirpal II, Assyria, Kalhu

Five Legs

Assurnasirpal II Killing LionsMedium: AlabasterSize: height approx. 39" (99.1 cm)Date: c. 850 BCELocation: Palace complex of Assurnasirpal II, Kalhu

Neo-Babylonia (620 – 539 BCE)

Ishtar Gate and Throne Room WallMedium: Glazed brickSize: height of gate

originally 40 feet with towers rising 100 feet.

Date: c. 575 BCE

Achaemenids (Persia) (539 – 331 BCE)

Architectural Plan, PersepolisDate: c. 518–460 BCELocation: Iran

Darius and Xerxes Receiving TributeMedium: LimestoneSize: height 8'4"Date: 491–486 BCELocation: Detail of a relief from the stairway leading to the Apadana, Persepolis, Iran

Summary Response• Summarize some of the main themes and

conceptual idea for the period.• Identify major figures of the period.