HYSTORY OF MANUFACTURING

8000 3000 BC Wood working – forming – firing

3500 1500 BC Bronze age – metallurgy and metalworking

Iron – Gold – copper – silver – tin

Gold sheet - jewelry

Wiring

2000- 1000 BC Iron – forging process

1000 – 1 BC Iron age

Iron melting – heat treatment as quenching

stamping - coining

1- 1000 AC - Zinc - steel

Armors

Coining – spades

1000 – 1700 blast furnace

cannonry

Wiring

1760- 1830 Industrial revolution

Changes form economy based on agriculture and handicraft

To economy based on industry and manufacturing

i. Watts steam engine

ii. Machine tools – Wilkinson 1775 – cutting lathe

iii. spinning jenny and power loom

iv. factory system

1850 Second Industrial revolution

i. Mass production - 1900 US population was 76 millons

ii. Assembly lines – 1916 Henry Ford – Model T ( < 500 USD)

iii. Scientific management movement

iv. electrification factories

1900 fusion welding process

Scientific management movement F. Taylor – Gilbreath

i. Motion study

ii. Time study

iii. Stardards

iv. Piece rate system

v. Data collection, record keeping, cost accounting

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

DEFINITION MANUFACTURING:

Manus = hand

Factus = make

Make by hands. This term appears around 1567

Since handicraft to specialized task

PROCESS

Input process oulet

Services process

Manufacturing process

Management process

ECONOMIC REALITIES Globalization

International outsourcing

Local outsourcing

Contract manufacturing

Trend toward the service sector

Quality spectations

The need for operational efficiency

APROACH TECHNOLOGIES Modern manufacturers employ technologies, such as:

Automation

Material handling strategies

Manufacturing systems

Flexible manufacturing

Quality programs

Computer integrated manufacturing

Lean production - JIT

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

A production system is a collection of people, equipment and procedures organized to perform the

manufacturing operations of a company.

Levels

Facilities:

Manufacturing support systems

Facilities:

Factory

Production machines

Tooling

Material handling equipment

Inspection equipment

Computer system

Plant layout

Manufacturing support systems

Procedures or process needed to manage the production operations

Involve a cycle of information processing

Figure 1.3

Funtions:

1. Business funtions communication with the customer

Marketing

Forecasting

Order entry

Cost accounting

Customer billing

2. Product design

Research and development

Design enginnering

Prototype shop

3. Manufacturing planning

Process planning. Operation sequency

Master scheduling. MPS. Listing of product to be make

Material Requirement planning. MRP. Raw material and purchasing parts.

Capacity planning.

4. Manufacturing control

Shop floor control

Inventory control

Quality control

MANUFACTURING SYSTEM CATEGORIES In terms of human participation in the process,

1. Manual work system

One or more workers performing one or more tasks with the aid of hand tools.

Hand tools

Is a small tool that is manually operated by the strength and skill of the human user

Figure 1.2 pag 6

2. Worker-machine system

A human worker operates powered equipment

3. Automated system

The process is performed by a machine without the direct participation of a human

worker

Require:

Program of instructions

Control system