10 ghz power combiner–rebro 2019 combiner...introduction the desire to try high power with sspas...
TRANSCRIPT
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10 GHz Power
Combiner
More elegant, omitting Magic-T‘s
1
ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Agenda◼ Introduction
◼ Traditional Method: Band-Combiner with 50 Ohm Load
◼ Narrow Band Solution
◼ The Goal of this Project
◼ Practical Design of a 10 GHz Combiner
◼ Measurements with 4 Mini-PAs
◼ Measurements with 2 Mini PAs
◼ Measurements with 4x Kuhne MKU 3cm-60W A Pas
◼ New Setup – Echo Test
◼ Conclusions
◼ Appendix
◼ Coaxial - WG Adapter
◼ Source for Components
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Introduction
◼ The concept of these combiners has been published
as summary in Dubus 4/2017 and Dubus 1/2018
◼ Since, there are users of this new way of power generation accross the EME community
◼ High Power >100W on 3cm is generated by TWTs
◼ BigGuns in EME use TWT Power Amplifiers
◼ Power Supplies for TWTs are pretty complex
◼ It is primarily obsolete military or commercial stuff in use
◼ Handling high voltages is delicate, especially outdoors
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Example:
BigGun 10 GHz EME TX
SP6JLW
250WTH3947A
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Introduction
◼ Semiconductors in the 50W range are accessible now which triggered the idea of combining 2 or 4 solid state amplifiers
◼ The ambition to close the power gap to TWTs by SSPAs was born
◼ Combining power amplifiers with MagicTs or Hybrid couplers is lossy, heavy and bulky
◼ Several MagicTs cascade the losses by number
◼ Thus the efficiency is poor
5
ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Introduction
◼ The professional approach combines 2 amplifiers per stage.
◼ 4 amplifiers therefore require 3 MagicTs.
◼ All the cascaded losses of these reduce efficiency
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Band-Coupler and Dummy-Loads
PA-
OUTPUT
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Input power divider
Power limit approx. 10W
Output power
combiner, full
band-with, power
limit several KW
1:4 DRIVE
4:1
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Introduction
◼ The desire to try high power with SSPAs becacme irresistible when my first 3cm EME QSO was made. I worked with 1m offset-dish, 50W circular pol, CW RANDOM, no Internet, no chat, no sked and no fake.
◼ I could receive various stations easily with good signals.
◼ I wanted to close the power gap to TWTs because low power proved to be my major handicap
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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10 GHz EME QSO with OZ1LPR
HB9BBD h.m. LNA
PA Kuhne, repeated calling, then „QRZ..“
QSO took 40 Min. until RRR
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
OZ1LPR 2,4m 350W, linear Pol
HB9BBD 1m 50W, zirkular Pol
NO INTERNET!
NO SKED, NO CHAT!
NO DIGITAL! No fake!
FULLY RANDOM!
PURE CW!
HB9BBD 1m dish
50W, circ. Pol
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Traditional (Band)Coupler
Hams need just several 100 KHz
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
They carry the whole bandwith, e.g. WR75 10-15 GHz
Outdoors with
rubber sealing
Indoors
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Narrow-Band Approach
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
On the occasion of the 2015 ÖREBRO EME Conference, Goran, AD6IW mentioned in the appendix to his presentation the idea to combine 5 power amplifiers
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My Goal
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Was to combine 4 PAs of same power level to one antenna. The losses of the whole combined power pack shall remain below -0.5dB
1 dB already would equal 20% loss of power. This would mean to loose almost 1 out of the 4 power amplifiersand instead of 6dB I would get 4dB only
This has a very negative thermal and an even more negative economical effect
By omitting Magic-T combiners all dummy loads become obsolete and efficient combining appeared feasible
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My Goal
inexpensive, 47 Euro
Narrowband
Combiner
Loss < 0,5dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Very expensive >500 Euro
>2 dB losses = >40%
96 screws...
Broadband-
Coupler
3-stages
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Practical Solution
Connectors
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Source: Southwest
Microwave: Frequency/Power
Graph of connectors
N
TNC
SMA
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Practical Solution
Connectors
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Power beyond > 150W exceeds SMA capacity. This is why I choose TNC for this project. N is also capable to do this job
TNC Connectors can handle up to 300W on 3cm. They have the advantage of smaller size than N.
SMA connectors of good quality can handle up to 150W. Minor quality SMA connectors vaporize at 50W already after seconds!!
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Practical Solution
Coaxial Cable
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Sucoform141 by Suhner is
Specified up to 180W on 10 GHz
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Is it feasible?..
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
In the beginning of this project its positive outcome was at risk
It is not modest to regard a new approach as to be smarter as proven
solutions by professionals
Measurements of a single of such 4:1 combiner requires a network
analyzer with 5 ports which I don‘t have
I took the challenge and milled 1 1:4 divider and one 1:4 combiner,
so I could measure the two at once
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Practical Solution CombinerMeasurement with NWA (S12/S21 2 ports)
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
. Practical Solution
Combiner
Prototypes
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Practical Solution
Combiner
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Practical Solution
Combiner (Prototype)
Antenna: L = 6,5mm
Diameter = 3mm
Distance to Body = 2mm
Tuning Screws on Cover
4xM3, 15mm from Center
Antenna on Cover L = 5,3mm
Prototypes
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements of Divider/Combiner
S11 54 Ohm,
S22 51.3Ohm
S21 -1.08 dB (inkl. TNC(+) - TNC(+)
S12 -1.06 dB inkl. TNC(+) - TNC(+)
It seemed therefore feasible to
achieve an insertion loss per
coupler of less than 0.5dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
S11 54 Ohm,
S22 51.3Ohm
S21 - 1.08 dB
S12 -1.06 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 Mini-PAs
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 Mini-PAs
4x RFMA 7185-S1
A-Mode
4,21 W out@16dBm input
@12.1V 4.2A
-0,5 dB-0,5 dB
-10 dB1:4 Divider
16 dBm
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Measured power sum of 36,68 dBm compared to combined power of 36,25 dBm leads to
attenuation of the Combiner of -0,43 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 Mini-PAs
Power of 4 amplifiers each, and Sum
-10 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements of 2 Mini-PA‘s only Match and insertion loss
-10 dB
0,633 / 2 = 0,316 dB – 0,2dB = -0,16 dB pro Koppler
0,1dB
0,05dB
0,05dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements of 2 Mini-PA‘s only
-10 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements of 2 Mini-PA‘s only
-10 dB
2x RFMA 7185-S1
A-Mode
2,06 W out@13dBm input
@12.1V 2.1A
2,33W = 100%
2,06W = 88,4%
Tuning of 2 PA‘s takes more time than of 4 PAs
Asymmetric lay-out and thus Phase-Errors are
more prominent and require correction
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◼ Die
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 62W-PAs
a
-0,5 dB
-10 dB4 x Kuhne
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 62W-PAs
The 1:4 Input Divider
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 62W-PAs
Phase-Shifter
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
Multi-Stage amplifiers create more likely phase-errors.
Mechanical tolerances, different amplification factors and thus
different values in S-parameters are the major source of phase-
differences
Up to 35 degree tuning @ 10 GHz
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 62W-PAsPhase-Shifters at the Input
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 62W-PAsThe 4:1 Output Combiner
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurement Set-up
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
Dummy-Load WR90 280W
Adapter WR75– WR90
Directional Coupler -50,5 dB
TNC-SMA + SMA-SMA-WG
Sucoflex 104 -0,5 dB
Attenuator -10 dB
Power Sensor Agilent U2000H
Offset-Korr. at Power
Meter -61 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 Kuhne
MKU PA 3cm-60W A
PA
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
SMA-SMA Suhner
Gold
SMA-SMA 3.5mm Steel
warming up as „Dummy load“ Combiner remains at ambient temp.!
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Measurements with 4 Kuhne MKU PA 3cm-60W A
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
KUHNE MKU PA 3CM-60W APower of 4 amplifiers each, and Sum:
-10 dB
@ 12,4V DC
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Power Graph4x KUHNE MKU PA 3cm-60W A
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
dBm Input
Typical Operation 230 W
@ 12,4V DC
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Efficiency
◼ DC Power input 12.4V @ 92A = 1.14 KW
◼ RF input 24 mW > 40dB amplification
◼ RF output 249W max, Error +- 2%
◼ Sum of 4 amplifiers: 251W, with Combiner 249W
◼ Efficiency 1.14KW / 0,249KW = 21,8%
◼ Insertion Loss by Combiner < 10W bzw. <2,5%
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Practical Test
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
My new setup
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My new Setup
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
1.8m Andrew Dish
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My new Setup
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
on the bench
12.4 V Power supply
120 A
Combiner
Circulator with Dummy Load
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My new Setup
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
RF-Filter between Transverter and PA
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My new Setup
45
ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
RF-Filter between Transverter and PA
![Page 46: 10 GHz Power Combiner–REBRO 2019 Combiner...Introduction The desire to try high power with SSPAs becacme irresistible when my first 3cm EME QSO was made. I worked with 1m offset-dish,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040916/5e8e5e2c8678b076c97fc7ba/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
My new Setup
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Ready for QSOs ;-)
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Practical Echo-Test
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Practical Echo-Test
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Conclusions
◼ It is possible to efficiently combine 4 Power Amplifiers at 10 GHz
◼ The same is valid for 2 PAs only
◼ The major challenge is to achieve harmonic Phase
◼ All components have to carry the power level
◼ Increased temperature means lossy components or mismatch
◼ It is strongly advised to prudently handle all, also small power in X-Band
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Conclusions
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
=
90 Kg, 250W
12 Kg, 249,5W
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Source for Components
◼ Body and Cover 4:1 Coupler, finished to mount Connectors
for SUHNER SMA or SUHNER N-Connectors (HB9BBD, Euro 47)
◼ Tuned with N-Connectors (HB9BBD Euro 145)
◼ Tuned with SMA-Connectors (HB9BBD Euro 145)
◼ Phase Shifter SMA-SMA (HB9BBD, Euro 53)(sorry, this is my cost-price )
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Remarks and Questions?
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
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Appendix
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
Thoughts and realization of better WG-Koax Adaptors
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
SMA-WG75 AdapterTypical Specification: Match <20 dB is not sufficient
-0,5 dB
-10 dB 1:1,3 = 13% Loss
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zifikati
Datsheets:
Appendix
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
SMA-WG75 Adapter Self-Made or Re-Tuning on 10‘368 MHz
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
13% of 250 W = 32,5W
Reflection
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
SMA-WG75 Adapter
It pays off to build Adapters by your own!
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
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ÖREBRO 2019 Dominique Fässler
HB9CW
SMA-WG75 Adapter Cross-Copler at 10‘368 MHz with homebrew Couplers
-0,5 dB
-10 dB
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Insertion loss
Output coupling -30dB