10 - edusys.in · compiler vs. linker ... interpreter vs. compiler an interpreter is a program...

2 Class - IX-X Eduheal Foundation

Contents 1. Computer Languages .............................................................................. 3

2. Fun with HTML – Make Your Web Page !............................................. 6

3. Save Time with Macros .......................................................................... 9

4. Quiz Students with Powerpoint ............................................................ 12

5. Make ‘Connect the Dots’ Pages in Word.............................................. 17

6. Working with MS Excel........................................................................ 20

7. Exploring Internet ................................................................................. 23

8. The Colourful World of Animation ...................................................... 26


As you know your computer cannot do anything without instructions from you. In order to do any specific job you have to give a sequence of instructions to the computer. This set of instruction is called a computer program. Software is the set of computer programs, procedures that describe the programs, how they are to be used. Software guides the computer at every step where to start and stop during a particular job. Software Types There are two types of software :

Application Software:Application Software is a set of programs to carry out operations for a specific application. For example, payroll is an application software for an organization to produce pay slips as an output. Application software is useful for word processing, billing system, accounting, producing statistical report, weather forecasting, etc. MS WORD, is also an application softwares.

System Software: An instruction is a set of programs that has to be given to the computer for operation of computer system as a whole. When you switch on the computer, the programs written in ROM is executed which activates different units of your computer and makes it ready for you to work on it. This set of program can be called system software. Therefore system software is a set of one or more programs designed to control the operation of computer system. What is Language Language is a system of communication between two people. These languages are used to communicate among various categories of peoples. But your computer will not understand any of the natural languages that we use for transfer of data and instruction. So there are programming languages specially developed so that you could send your data and instructions to the computer to do specific job. You must have heard names like FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL etc. Programming Languages There are two major types of programming languages.

Programming Languages

Low Level Languages

Machine Language

High Level Languages

Assembly Language

Low Level Languages Low levels languages are machine oriented languages that require extensive knowledge of computer hardware and its configuration. The machine understands this language very easily, but it is very difficult for a programmer to create and understand this language. Machine Language Machine Language is the only language that is directly understood by the computer. It does not needs any translator program. We also call it machine code and it is written as strings of 1’s (one) and 0’s (zero).

COMPUTER LANGUAGES


Advantage The only advantage is that program of machine language run very fast because no translation program is required for the CPU.

Disadvantages 1. It is very difficult to program in machine language. The programmer has to know details of hardware to

write program. 2. The programmer has to remember a lot of codes to write a program which results in program errors. 3. It is difficult to debug the program.

Assembly Language An assembly language is designed to replace machine code with an understandable code.

The Assembly Language consists of a set of symbols and letters and a translator program which translates the Assembly Language to Machine Language. The translator program is called ‘Assembler’.

Advantages 1. The symbolic programming of Assembly Language is easier to understand and saves a lot of time and effort

of the programmer. 2. It is easier to correct errors and modify program instructions. 3. Assembly Language has the same efficiency of execution as the machine level language. Because this is

onetoone translator between assembly language program and its corresponding machine language program.

Disadvantages One of the major disadvantages is that assembly language is machine dependent. A program written for one computer might not run in other computers with different hardware configuration.

Assemblers A computer does not understand any program written in a language other than its machine language. Hence, the programs written in other languages must be translated into the machine language of the computer before they are executed. Such translation is performed with the help of software. A program which translates an assembly language program into a machine language program is called an assembler. An assembler which runs on a computer for which it produces object codes (machine codes) is called a self assembler (or resident assembler).

High Level Languages (HLL) To overcome the difficulties associated with assembly languages, highlevel or procedureoriented languages were developed. Highlevel languages permit programmers to describe tasks in a form which is problem oriented rather than computer oriented, A programmer can formulate problems more efficiently in a highlevel language. Besides, he need not have a precise knowledge of the architecture of the computer he is using.

The instructions written in a highlevel language are called statements. The statements resemble more closely English and mathematics as compared to mnemonics in assembly languages. Examples of highlevel languages are BASIC, PASCAL, FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, PL/1, PROLOG, LISP, ADA, SNOBOL, etc.

Machine Independence : Highlevel languages are machine independent. This is a very valuable advantage because it means that a company changing computers even to one from a different manufacturer will not be required to rewrite all the programs that it is currently using. In other words, a program written in a highlevel language can be run on many different types of computers with very little or practically no modification.

Portability : Highlevel languages are independent of computer architecture. The same program will run on any other computer which has a compiler for that language. The compiler is machine dependent and not language dependent.


Problem Oriented Languages : A problem oriented language is a computer language designed to handle a particular class of problems. For example, COBOL was designed for business applications. FORTRAN was designed for scientific and mathematical problems. Query languages are designed for phrasing questions (interrogation problems).

Interpreter An interpreter is a translator program for a highlevel programming language that translates and runs the program at the same time. The program that is being interpreted is still in its original source language, the way the programmer wrote it.

The interpreter translates one program statement into machine language and then causes the machine language to be executed. It then translates the next statement and so on, until the program is finished. Interpreted programs run more slowly than their compiler counterparts, because the compiler translates the entire program all at once before the program is run. However, it is convenient to write a program using an interpreter. Each single line of code can be tested interactively, hence the programmer can test the results of a programming statement right away. Programs that are interpreted are not standalone programs and must always be run with the interpreter in the computer. For example, in order to run a BASIC source language program, the correct version of the BASIC interpreter must be in the computer.

Often, a program is developed with an interpreter and the final version is compiled for better runtime performance. For example, BASIC, the most commonly used interpreted language, can also be compiled.

Compiler Vs. Linker Usually a longer program is divided into a number of smaller subprograms called modules. It is easier to develop, test and debug smaller programs. A linker is a program that links (combines) smaller programs to form a single program. While developing a program, subroutines are frequently used. The subroutines are stored in a library file. The linker also links subroutines with the main program. Further, the linker links machine codes of the programs.

Interpreter Vs. Compiler An interpreter is a program which translates statements of a highlevel language program into machine codes. It translates one statement of the program at a time. It reads one statement of a highlevel language program, translates it into machine code and executes it. Then it reads the next statement of the program, again translates and executes it. In this way it proceeds further till all the statements of the program are translated and executed. On the other hand, a compiler goes through the entire highlevel language program once or twice and then translates the entire program into machine codes. A compiler is 5 to 25 times faster than an interpreter. An interpreter is a small program as compared to a compiler. It occupies less memory space, so it can be used in a smaller system which has limited memory space. The object program produced by the compiler is permanently saved for future reference. On the other hand, the object code of the statement produced by an interpreter is not saved. If an instruction is used the next time, it must be interpreted once again and translated into machine code. For example, during the repetitive processing of the steps in a loop, each instruction in the loop must be reinterpreted as the loop is executed.

Generation of Languages The term’ generation’ of computer languages is used to categorize the generic enhancements in the various computer languages that have evolved over the last 50 years. Each generation indicates significant progress towards making computers easier to use. Computer languages by generation are classified as follows: 1. First generation (late 1940s)machine languages. 2. Second generation (early 1950s)assembly languages. 3. Third generation (late 1950s through to 1970s) high level languages. 4. Fourth generation (late 1970 onwards)including a whole angle of query languages and other tools.


HTML Basics HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a programming language used to format a Web page. Formatting refers to the font color, type, size, and style, as well as the arrangement of words and paragraphs on the page. The formatting determines the “look” of a Web page.

Have a look of the EduHeal Foundation website:

FUN WITH HTML – MAKE YOUR WEB PAGE !

Here’s what you’d see if you rightclicked and selected View Source on that same page:

See the symbols and words on this page. Some of these symbols and words are HTML code. Now we are going to learn some HTML codes and make our own web page.

Learn the Code To create their own Web Page, students will have to do the following: • Go to Start>All Programs>Accessories>Notepad. (Be sure students are working in Notepad and not in a word processing program.)

• Type <html > and then hit ENTER. • Type <head><title>My First Page</title></head> and then hit ENTER. • Type <body bgcolor=”yellow”>This is my first page in HTML.</body> and then hit ENTER. • Type </html> and then hit ENTER. • Go to File > Save As. • Choose All Files in the box next to Save as Type. • Type MyFirstHTMLPage.html in the box next to File Name. • Save this file to the Desktop or My Documents. OK.

Your file should look like this:

Have you closed or minimized the Notepad window.

See What You’ve Done You now can view the page you’ve created. In Internet Explorer, you • Go to File in the browser’s menu bar and click Open (or Open File). • Locate the MyFirstHTMLPage.html file. (Click Browse in the OPEN window, or go to the directory the file was saved in.)

• Click the file name, and then click Open. • If necessary, click OK in the OPEN window.

Your page should look like this:

Yahoo! You have created your first web page.

NOTE: This page will appear only on your computers, not on the Web. Uploading a page to the Web requires a host server.

Learn the Symbols Are you wondering about the meaning of the symbols you used? Rightclick the Web page you have created, and then leftclick. View Source to see your HTML tags. Now see: • <html> indicates a Web page. • <head><title> indicates the beginning of the page’s title. (Notice that the words “My First Page” appear in the blue bar at the top of the Web page.)

• <body> indicates the beginning of the Web page. Any words or numbers typed after this tag appear on the Web page itself.

• <body bgcolor=”yellow”> indicates that the background color of the page will be yellow. • Tags that have a slash mark — / — indicate the end of that HTML coding. (So, </title> indicates the end of the page’s title.)

More Fun Stuff Now you know the basics of HTML coding, you can add even more formatting to your Web page. Try using: • and to begin and end bolded text. • and to begin and end italic text. • <center> and </center> to begin and end centered text. • <marquee> and </marquee> to begin and end scrolling text. (This only works in Internet Explorer.) • to add a line break. • and to begin and end a paragraph.

ACTIVITY Now using the above mentioned codes make the page given below:


SAVE TIME WITH MACROS WHAT’S A MACRO? A macro is a miniprogram or shortcut you create within Microsoft Office that allows you to perform a task simply by pressing a combination of keys on the keyboard or by clicking a single button on the toolbar. For example, if you want frequently type the address of your school in Word documents, you could create a macro to fill in that information automatically whenever you press a particular key combination.

Macros can • save time by filling in commonly used phrases. • help in making documents more consistent by always formatting specific text or graphics the same way. • combine several tasks into one command

Macros are easy to create. Follow the directions to learn how!

MACRO ONE: FILL IN TEXT To create a macro that will fill in frequently used text: • Open a new Microsoft Word document. • Go to Tools>Macro>Record New Macro to open the Record Macro window.

• Type Address 1 in the Macro Name field. (Note: Macro names CANNOT have a space in them!) • Be sure the All Documents option is selected in the Store macro in: field, so you can use this macro on any document you create.

• In the Description or Macro name: field, briefly identify the macro and add your name, if you wish.


• Click the Keyboard button in the Record New Macro window to open the Customize Keyboard window. • At the Customize Keyboard window, click in the Press New Shortcut Keys field, hold down both the CTRL key and the 7 key (or any other key combination you choose), and click Assign.

NOTE: Some key combinations already are assigned — CTRL S, for example, is the default key combination for saving a file — and you CAN overwrite default commands. It’s best, however, to pick key combinations that aren’t assigned already. To learn if the key combination you’ve chosen already is assigned to a macro, click in the Press new shortcut keys field and press that key combination (CTRL 7, for example). If the key combination you’ve pressed is currently assigned to a task, that information will appear beneath the Press new shortcut keys field.

• Click Close. Now, you’re ready to enter the text you’re creating this macro for. • Type into your Word document your school’s name (we have EHF’s address here) and click Enter; type the street address and click Enter; type the city, state, and pin and click Enter.


• You should notice two new icons on your screen: a box containing a square, two parallel lines, and a circle resembling the control buttons on an audio tape recorder; and, attached to your cursor, an icon resembling an audio tape. Those icons indicate that a macro is being created or “recorded.”

• Click the square (or “play” button) in the tape recording icon to stop recording. (Or click Tools>Macro>Stop Recording.)

Now...let’s test your macro! Click Enter, and then press CTRL and 7 (or whatever key combination you’ve chosen).

The address should be duplicated in your Word document.

Did you make a mistake, or do you just want to redo the macro? Follow the same steps as above. When a dialogue box appears asking if you want to rewrite the macro (save a new one and delete the old one for the same shortcut keys), click yes. Note that ALL the keystrokes or mouse clicks you make while recording a macro will be duplicated whenever you hit the shortcut keys for that macro. So, if when creating the macro, you type your school’s name and then decide to save that line of text by clicking File>Save before typing the school’s address, then from now on, every time you press the key combination for this macro, the computer will enter the school’s name, save the file, move to the next line, and enter the same address.

MORE ABOUT MACROS Macros also can be used to

• customize a task in Word that has always annoyed you. For example, this author doesn’t like that Word automatically inserts Clip Art in line with text, so you cannot move it freely around the page. So, a handy macro might be to record the steps to adjust the formatting of a picture so that the layout is Tight, meaning the clip art image can be put anywhere on the page!

• create consistent formatting when copying and pasting different work into a cohesive portfolio.


QUIZ STUDENTS WITH POWERPOINT Are you bored with PowerPoint slide shows that move inevitably from Slide 1 to Slide 2 to Slide 3? Do you think PowerPoint is useful only to illustrate teacher lectures and student presentations? Think again! PowerPoint also can be used to create “nonlinear” slide shows for a variety of classroom activities. You can find more examples on Eduheal Foundation’s official website www.eduhealfoundation.org/academics.

In this activity, you’ll learn how to make a nonlinear PowerPoint show. You also can follow the directions to create a PowerPoint show as your project work for your computer or science lab practicals.

3. Oops! Try Again! Slide 3 is the wrong answer slide.

2. And the Question is? Slide 2 is the question or problem slide. To illustrate the question or problem, use any clipart that is appropriate for your subject and grade level.

1. On With the Show! Open PowerPoint and create six slides. (Click Format>Slide Design to locate s lide design templates.) Slide 1 is the title slide.

4. YES! Slide 4 is the correct answer slide.


5. One More Question! Slide 5 is the second question or problem slide.

6. GOOD JOB Slide 6 is the concluding slide.

DUPLICATING SLIDES Find the View Icons at the bottom left of your computer screen. Click the icon with four squares or windows to open the Slide Sorter View. You will see all the slides you created in the order in which you created them.

Save your slides.

Notice that you created a correct response slide (“That’s Right!”) and an incorrect response slide (“Oops…try again!”) for the first question (“How many dogs do you see?”).

You also need to create a correct response slide and an incorrect response slide for the second question (“How many monkeys do you see?”). To do that, you: • Click Slide 3 (“Oops...try again!”). • Press CTRL and D to duplicate Slide 3. • Click Slide 4 (“That’s Right!”) and press CTRL and D to duplicate it. • Now, you have two “Oops…try again!” slides and two “That’s Right!” slides. • Save your work.


PUTTING THEM IN ORDER The Slide Sorter View now should look like this:

The two new slides need to appear after the “How many monkeys do you see?” slide. To move those two slides, click one of the “Oops…try again!” slides, hold down the mouse button, and drag the slide to the area after the Monkey Slide. Then click one of the “That’s Right!” slides and drag it to the area after the second “Oops…try again!” slide. The Slide Sorter View now should look like this:

Save your work.

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Now, take a look at how the math activity should work. Doubleclick Slide 2 to see it in Normal view. Four dogs are on the slide, so ‘4’ is the correct answer to the question “How many dogs do you see?” If a student clicks ‘4,’ therefore, he or she should move to the “That’s Right!” slide. The ‘3,’ ‘5,’ and ‘6’ are incorrect answers. If a student clicks ‘3,’ ‘5,’ or ‘6,’ he or she should go to the “Oops...try again!” slide. You need to add hyperlinks to take students to the appropriate slide. Here’s how: • Highlight answer ‘3’, and go to Insert>Hyperlink on the menu bar at the top of the page.


• Click Place in this Document. A list of all the slides you’ve created will appear. • Answer “3” is incorrect, so click the slide title “Oops...!” immediately after the slide titled “How many dogs do you see?”

• Repeat the steps above for answers ‘5’ and ‘6’ on Slide 2. • Repeat the steps above for answer ‘4,’ but this time, link to the slide titled “That’s Right!” immediately after the first “Oops...!” slide.

• Go to the slide titled “How many monkeys do you see?” and link answers ‘1,’ ‘2,’ and ‘4’ to the second “Oops…!” slide.

• Link answer ‘3’ to the second “That’s Right!” slide. • Save your work.

ADD ACTION BUTTONS To check the work you’ve done so far, press F6 or go to Slide Show>View Slide Show. If all the links are correct, clicking a wrong answer will move you to an “Oops...!” slide. Clicking a right answer will move you to a “That’s Right!” slide. What happens, however, when a student goes to the “Oops...” slide. Don’t you want the student to try to answer that question again? Use Action Buttons to move students back to a question they have answered incorrectly.

To Create an Action Button: • Press Esc to close the Slide Show View. • Go to the first “Oops...” slide. • In the menu bar at the top of the screen, click Slide Show>Action Buttons, and then click the arrow pointing left — the “Back or Previous” arrow.

• In the lower right corner of the slide, click and drag with your mouse to draw the Action Button as big or as small as you want.


• When you finish drawing and release the mouse button, the Action Settings window will appear. That window allows you to choose what will happen when an Action Button is clicked.

• On the “Oops...” slide, you want the button to take a student back to a question he or she has answered incorrectly. So, click Hyperlink to: Previous Slide, and then click OK.

• Repeat the steps above for the second “Oops...” slide.

More Action Buttons Repeat the previous steps for the two “That’s Right!” slides, except when the Action Settings window opens, click the down arrow next to the Previous Slide option and select Slide.

Then: • If you have reached the first “That’s Right!” slide, you have answered the “How many dogs do you see?” question correctly and are ready to move to the next question. Select the “How many monkeys do you see?” slide and click OK.

• If you have reached the second “That’s Right!” slide, you’ve answered the “How many monkeys do you see?” question correctly. Select the “Great Job!” slide and click OK.

Save your work. Then test your work by viewing the show, clicking all the answers, and using the action buttons on each slide! Make some other interactive slide show and present it in your class.


You must have enjoyed connect the dot games in your books, computer etc. Now with MS Word you can make your own connect the dot game. Believe it or not, Microsoft Word has all the tools you need to build connectthedots worksheets on any topic — and it’s as easy as 1, 2, 3. Let’s get started!

Find the Image Select an image either from internet or from clipart gallery.

Insert the Image How to insert an image into Word: • Using Microsoft’s Clip Art Gallery — Doubleclick the image — or click the image once and then click Insert.

• Getting images from the Web? Rightclick the image and select “Copy” or “Copy Image” (or something similar). Then open Word and click Edit > Paste or apply short cut Ctrl + V. We are using a snowman from Microsoft’s Clip Art Gallery. To do so simply, open MS Word.

• Click Insert > Picture > Clip Art. • Doubleclick the selected image, or click it once and then click Insert.

Format the Image • The image now should be in your document. Double click the image to open the Format Picture window. • Click the Layout tab, select Tight, and then click OK. Now, you can freely move your image on the page. • Click the image, hold down the mouse key, and drag a corner of the image to enlarge it, so it covers most of

MAKE ‘CONNECT THE DOTS’ PAGES IN WORD


the page. You also might want to move down the image a bit, leaving room at the top of the page for a title and the student’s name.

• Your page should look like this: • Save your work as Snow man dot game.

Dots Right! Time to add the dots! • Decide whether you will use numbers or letters to label the dots, and how many dots you want to use. For example, if you’re using letters (AZ), you’ll want 26 dots. If using numbers, 20 is a good number to begin with.

• Before drawing the dots, decide where they will go. You’ll want them fairly even, so look at your image — in this case, the snowman — and visualize half the dots on its right side and half on its left.

• Click View > Zoom and choose 125 percent. (You want to be close up for the dots!) • Click View > Toolbars > Drawing. • On the Drawing toolbar, click Basic Shapes, and select the Oval tool. (It looks like a circle.) • Click and drag a small circle to anywhere on the page. Adjust the circle to an appropriate size.

• Click the circle you’ve created. On the Drawing toolbar, click the down arrow next to the paint can, and then click black to fill in your circle.

• Click the circle once to select it, and then press CTRLD to make a duplicate of the circle. Keep duplicating the circle until you have the number of dots you need. (Don’t worry about where the dots are. In the illustration below, for example, the dots are on the ground in front of the snowman.

• Next, move each dot onto the outline of the snowman. Remember, the dots should be on the perimeter of the snowman, not on the waist or jaw line, and they should be evenly spaced. You might want to place one dot at the tip of the left hand, and another on the tip of the right hand, and keep alternating sidetoside to ensure even coverage. Be sure to put a dot in any crevice (between his head and shoulder or between his fingers and hip, for example).

• Here’s what the snowman might look like when finished.

• Notice that some features — buttons, eyes, nose, mouth, broom — aren’t part of the dotted drawing. If you like, you can use the scribble tool or another drawing tool to add those features and others.

• Now, we’ll delete the snowman image to see what we have left. Click the tip of the broom (or on another spot on the snowman without dots). When the white boxes appear around the image, press Delete/Backspace. Wow! A connectthedot snowman!

• Save your work!


Group the Dots First, you’re going to “group” the dots. This is very important! We want Word to see the dots as one big picture, not lots of little dots. If, as you edit, you accidentally move grouped dots, they’ll move en masse and be easy to fix. If you move lots of little dots…not so easy to fix! So… • Click the Select Objects tool.

• Use that tool to draw a rectangle around the snowman, selecting all the dots.

• Click the first icon on the Drawing toolbar (either a blue A or the word Draw) and then select Group. Now, instead of white boxes around each dot, you have white boxes around the entire picture.

Label the Dots Now, all that’s left is to label the letters: • Click the Text Box tool.

• Click near a dot (below, beside or above, depending on the dot’s placement in the picture) and draw a small text box.

• Click and drag to adjust the size of the text box — it should be just big enough to type a single letter in it.

• Click the nexttolast icon on the Drawing toolbar (or click Format > Text Box at the top of the window) and choose “No line color” to change the line color of the text boxes from black to no line at all.

• Click the paint can (or Format > Text Box) and choose “No fill color” to ensure that white paint doesn’t obscure the dots.

• Click the text box and then click CtrlD. Repeat until you have 26 text boxes. Then drag a text box next to each dot.

• Type a different letter of the alphabet in each box. (Make sure the letters appear in a logical order or lines will cross and the image won’t resemble a snowman!)

• This is what a final version might look like: • Save your work. You now can print the finished worksheet.

Now make more such type of connect the dot game.

Group


Charts / Graphs in MS Excel Chart or Graphs are the graphical representation of the data in a spreadsheet. The values stored in the different rows and columns are used to create these charts and graphs. We follow steps 1 to 10 to insert a chart in a spreadsheet.

Step 1: Select the data in the spreadsheet whose chart you have to create as shown in Figure given below. Click on the Chart Wizard icon on the standard toolbar or click on insert menu and choose chart.

WORKING WITH MS EXCEL

Selected Data

Step 2: The Chart Wizard window opens showing various options. Click on the Standard Type tab, and choose any chart which you want to use.

Step 3: Select a chart type from the list. Step 4: Select a chart subtype from the options. Step 5: Click on the Next button. Next window in the Wizard will

be open. Step 6: Click on the data range tab and specify the data range that

has to be represented.

Selected Chart

Differen

t Cha

rt type

option


Step 7: Click on the Next button again

Step 8: Click on the tabs at the top of the window to label and format the chart to our specifications. Fill in the fields as desired under each tab. Click on the Next button.

Step 9: This is the last window of the Wizard shown in figure given below. Two options, asking us where we want to place the chart will appear. Click on the appropriate radio button. (Here, we select the second option.)

Tabs

Step 10: Click on Finish to complete the process. The chart is placed on the worksheet as shown in below.

Legend Labels

Zaxis title

Yaxis title

Categories

Data Series

Chart Title

Legend


Select that data

NOTE: You can also create a bar graph, a line graph or a pie chart in a similar manner. Try it.

Do Creative Calculation with Paste Special Ever notice that when you copy data from one worksheet to another, the column widths don’t copy correctly but with the help of paste special, you will be able to copy the data with same column width. For this do the following steps: 1. Select the data, which you want to paste as shown in the figure given below.

2. Copy the data and paste it into another spreadsheet. Leave the data selected.

3. Go to Edit and choose paste special and put a tick mark in the radio button that says Column widths.

4. Click on OK button. Then your data automatically adjust the column width.


EXPLORING INTERNET What is Internet Internet is a global network made up of thousands of smaller networks. It's not that different from the telephone system, except you use a computer.

Even though the Internet is a global network, in many ways, it's like a small town. Let's say you want to send or receive mail. The Internet has electronic post offices for that. There are also libraries you can use any time you want, with millions of books and magazines and newspapers. Chat rooms are like the schoolyard or lunchroom, with people eager to gab anytime you want. Moreover, on the World Wide Web, you can play games, listen to music, and even order a book!

You'll find exciting places to explore and new ways to make friends. There are lots of good reasons. Here are just a few of the cool things you can do: • Explore great ways to learn and have fun. You can play games with other people across town or around the world, find out interesting things you never knew before, and print stories to read.

• Access information anytime, anywhere. You can help in planning your family vacation, do research for school projects, and read about your favorite movie star.

• Exchange documents, pictures, music, video clips, and even software. You can listen to radio stations from around the world, send family photos, and preview new movies.

• Have instant communication with people all over the world. You can keep in touch with your friends and meet new ones, and get your questions answered by experts.

World Wide Web? The World Wide Web is by far the most popular part of the Internet because it has words, pictures, animation, photos, sound, and video. The parts of the Web include your personal computer, web browser software, a connection to an Internet service provider, computers called servers that store digital data, and routers and switches that act like traffic cops they direct the flow of information.

A web page is an electronic document written in a computer language called HTML. Each web page has a unique address, called a URL, which identifies where it is located.

A website has one or more related web pages, depending on how it's designed. Web pages on a website are linked together through a system of hyperlinks. That way, you can jump between pages just by clicking on a link. On the Web, you navigate through web pages according to what interests you. This is called browsing or surfing the Net.

How does the Web work? Let's say you want to see a picture of Mars at the NASA website. First you type the address, or URL, of the website in your web browser (more about this in a while). Then your

HTML HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, the computer language used to create web pages.

URL URL is short for Uniform Resource Locator. It's the address for a web page. Your web browser uses this address to find the page on the Internet.

HYPERLINK Hyperlinks link web pages, sounds, pictures, and video on the Web. By clicking on a hyperlink, you jump to all sorts of cool things.

WEB BROWSER A web browser is the software program your computer to access the World Wide Web.

SERVER A server is a computer connected to the Internet that stores things like web pages and email. Servers

Your Computer

Routers

ISP

Browser Software


browser requests the web page from a web server located at NASA headquarters. NASA's computer sends the data over the Internet to your computer. Your web browser interprets the data and prestothere's Mars, right on your computer screen.

The NASA website also has links to web pages about other planets. By clicking on the link with your mouse, the whole process is repeated and you find pictures of Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, and lots more. No matter what kind of information you want, the process is exactly the sameyour computer and a remote computer "talk" to each other.

What's a Home Page? A home page is the starting point of a website. Just like the table of contents of a book or magazine, the home page tells you what you'll find on the website. Sometimes a home page is like a magazine cover, trying to fascinate you with pictures and headlines to explore the website further. The home page may also have links to other places within the website.

Home pages vary in design and can be short or very long, filled with pictures and animation or text only. There may be a list of articles or sections of the website, along with a brief description. The items in the list are usually linked to other things at the website, or to other websites. Don’t be surprised if the next time you visit a website, the home page looks different and the information has changed. That's one reason why browsing the Web is so exciting. Have you seen a personal web page created by a friend and thought about having one of our own? (with the HTML activity given in this book you can make a web page). Think of all the ways you might use it. You can build one in just a few hours and it won't cost you any money.

How do I Move Around the Web? The easiest way is to use hyperlinks. Hyperlinks are words or pictures that have URLs hidden in them. When you click on a hyperlink, your web browser uses the URL to locate another web page, or to take you to another place on the current web page. Hyperlinks can also play a sound, movie clip, or download a file to your computer.

Hypertext often appears as highlighted and underlined words in the body of the text, or is arranged in a list like an index. Graphic hyperlinks can appear as buttons or photographs. In fact, a picture can contain several links to different places.

How can you tell which text or graphic contains a hyperlink? Your arrow cursor turns into a hand when you move it over a hyperlink. Text links are easier to spot, since they appear in a different color from the rest of the textusually blue. When you return to a page with a text link you’ve already visited, the hypertext words are in a different color– often red, pink, or a different shade of blueso you know you've already visited that link. But you can certainly revisit a page by clicking on the same link.

What Does .com Mean? When you think of the Internet, you probably think of ".com." It's known as an Internet domain. Every computer that stores data on the Internet has its own number, not that different from the street address of your house. This is called IP address. But since no one wants to remember all those numbers, computer scientists came up with a way to use words instead.

In general, websites for businesses, like Disney, end in .com. But there are lots of great websites with other kinds of addresses. For instance, Eduheal Foundation website is www.eduhealfoundation.org (short for organization) and the Union Public Service Commission is www.upsc.gov (short for government). By the way, do you know what the "www" stands for? Give yourself ten points if you guessed World Wide Web!

What’s the story with all those funny slashes and dots? These days, website addresses are everywhereon television commercials, delivery trucks, billboards, and magazine ads. These addresses, known as URLs, are used to find web pages and other things on the Internet.

HYPERTEXT Hypertext are words hat link to things like other web pages, sounds, pictures, animation, and video. By clicking on the hypertext, you can jump to these new things.


Most websites begin with http://www. followed by words separated by dotssuch as http://www.learnthenet.com. The slashes and dots separate the various pieces of the address. It's sort of like your home address, where you have to know your state or province, your city, your street name, and then the number of your house or building.

Some URLs are shorter, some longer, but they all work the same way. The most important thing to remember is that if you type a URL incorrectly, your web browser won't be able to locate the website or resource you want. If this happens, make sure you typed the address correctly and try again.

How do I Find Cool Websites? You could follow links from one web page to another, but with millions of web pages, you might never find what you're looking for! To find specific information, there are special websites called search engines. A search engine is a type of software that lets you type what you're looking for, then gives you a list of the results of the search. You can click on any name in the list to go to that web page.

You’ve probably heard of Google, Yahoo! and maybe some others. These are websites that let you search the Web by using keywords, or by clicking on links. Have you ever used a card catalogue at a library? If you have, then you know that it organizes books into subjects like astronomy and dinosaurs. Search engines work much the same way. You type in words like "balloon rides," and you get a list of websites where you can find them. Then you just click on the name of the website to go there. Easy!

How can I find information like my friend's phone number or email address? Just like phone books that list people's telephone numbers, there are websites that do the same thing. With these electronic phone directories, you pick the city and type in your friend's name (or the name of his or her parents) to find the phone number. You can also do the same thing to get the number of a business.

It may be harder to find your friends' email addresses, because most people's addresses are not listed on the Internet. The easiest thing to do is to ask them for it, then write them down. Here are some good places to start: • White Pages • Yahoo! People Search • Yellow Pages Is there anything I need to be afraid of on the Internet? For the most part, the Internet is a very safe place. But that doesn't mean you shouldn't be careful. Just like in the real world, some people may try to take advantage of you. You may stumble on things that make you uncomfortable or that you don't understand. To keep out of trouble, remember these three simple rules: 1. Don't give out any personal information about yourself unless you check with your parents first. 2. Don't give out your telephone number or parents' credit card number online or in an email message unless

they say it's OK. 3. Make sure you tell your parents immediately if you find anything that makes you feel uncomfortable. When

you get an annoying phone call, you just hang up, right? You can do the same thing on the Net. Just go to another website or disconnect!

Can I Listen to Music or See Movies on the Net? Sure! Those are some of the cooler things you can do online. The Internet used to be only words and pictures, but now you can watch videos and listen music and radio shows.

To do this, you need some special software. If it's not already on your computer (most Widows machines already have the Media Player), you can download it for free. Ask your parents to help you do this.

KEYWORDS Keywords are the words you use to describe what you are looking for.

DOWNLOAD When you download files, you are transferring them from a remote computer to your computer.


THE COLOURFUL WORLD OF ANIMATION

Every one knows Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Tom and Jerry and Stuart little some animated characters that always delight and entertain us. Do you know how these characters were born and how it is possible to create wonders with the art of drawing? And the answer is ‘animation’ one of the fastest growing and most indemand industries in the world. Multi media and Animation are among the major hunted jobs of the 21st century. Multimedia alias multiple media as the name suggests is an enormous field that uses more than one medium of communication.

Animation is a field that could be pursued by those who posses excellent creativity and drawing skills. Animators are the talented artists who create characters for a variety of projects like movies, television, advertisements and so on. An animators task is to read the script carefully, study the storyboard and try to get into the character. In other words he needs to know and understand the character.

Computer animation is not an easy task; nor is it one that you can learn overnight, or ever stop learning, for technology in the field advances daily. But if the career path of computer animation is one that you truly want to follow, you'll find the effort as well as the end result to be enjoyable, rewarding, and fulfilling. Computer animation can be more than just an enjoyable hobby; with an education in the field, it can become a long and rewarding career with endless possibilities and applications. Animation as the art of breathing life into your imagination. An art that merges text, images, graphics, animation, audio and video to create virtual magic out of something that is boring.

Animation is big business today, with thousands of jobs available for the asking to those who have done a course in animation. It has become a concrete career option with the advancement of cinema and television. It is a fantastic tool that can be used in both education and entertainment. "Supposing you have to teach a child how a heart functions, can you open a heart to do this? But the functioning of the heart can be animated, showing the circulation of blood, working of the valves and so on. We can then copy this on to a CD and show it on a computer. The child will immediately understand. The animation industry is growing so fast that the demand for animators has outstripped the supply. The industry is expected to grow by 8 per cent between 2005 and 2009.

You Know Where You Want to Start The first and most important step is to know where you want to go in your career. Computer animation can be applied in a startling range of industries; firstly you have to work in 2D or 3D animation. Your interest is another important thing you should know that where is your interest going on. Its on entertainment field, in gaming, in the publishing industry, chooses according to your interest.

This can include websites, online advertisements and video games. Animators can find fulltime employment with movie or television production companies, with advertisers, web design firms, video game companies or with animation firms. Freelance work is another option for animators, particularly those specializing in web animation. Most entrylevel positions will require an animator to have a bachelor’s degree in a related field such as fine arts or media. There are a number of animation schools that offer course work specifically in computer animation and associated technologies. In addition, a strong portfolio of work, which a training program can help you to develop, is an essential part of landing a job in computer animation and becoming an animator.


Video Game Animation The video game industry is just exploding right now, with no slowdown in sight. Nearly all games will need a team of animators to bring the games to life. Motion capture often is being used here as well as in movies to nail down convincing character animation. But there is still a lot of work involved obviously. This is where you could come in. But this of course is one narrow example. Texture mapping, lighting effects, and other special effects are just as important to the success of a video games attempt to draw you in and immerse you. It might sound like many of the same elements in a feature film. That's because technology is closing in the gap, and the paying consumer demands more.

There is an obvious bridge between animation and video game design. This connection is often reflected in video game design programs and degrees that have strong elements of animation in their coursework. Movie & Television Production The full spectrum of animation in these areas is quite large. Jobs may include character animation in the form of a cartoon, logo, special effect and more. In case you haven't noticed, 3D really has taken off in the realm of computer animation and animation in general. Movies such as Lord of the Rings, Finding Nemo, and the latest Star Wars Sequels are all relying extensively on 3D computer animation. One of the examples of animated movie is King Kong.

The Internet More and more, you are seeing animated advertisements dance across your screen as you're on the Internet. You go to a movie site or a band site, and you have a very good chance of seeing a flash animation. Much like other media industries, the Internet is expanding at a mind boggling rate. And with it come new websites and advertisements that need a way to stand out.

Computer animation, like many creative fields, is fiercely competitive. As the web, the entertainment industry, and other multimedia outlets continue to grow, there continue to be opportunities for talented artists to work as animators. But you really need to get the proper training at a strong computer animation school to be on that cutting edge that these employers seek. Not only do you get hands on training with the best equipment, but you also rub shoulders with those who know the industry well. This is just as important as the training itself.

Institute of Animation in Different State 1. Industrial Design Centre, IIT Bombay 2. National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad 3. MAEER’s MIT Institute of Design, Pune 4. Srishti School of Design, Bangalore 5. Graphiti School of Animation, Mumbai 6. Toonz Animation Academy, Trivandrum 7. TS Animation Training School, Bangalore 8. Academy of Animation, Arts and Technology, Kolkata 9. Animaster, Bangalore, Chennai, New Delhi 10. The Whistling Woods International Institute for Film, Television & Media, Arts, Mumbai 11. International College of Animation, Arts and Technology, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Delhi 12. ICAT Image College of Art, Animation and Technology, Chennai 13. Anitoons, Delhi and many more...

Courses There are a number of different career paths for animators. The duration of a course ranges from three months to 3 years. Following are the courses that can equip you for a career in animation industry: • The Foundation Courses: They offer an introduction to the world of multimedia, covering concepts, tools and techniques.

• Digital Printing and Publishing: A module focused on designing products for the publishing segment. • Digital Web Authoring: A complete course on website creation. • Digital Film Animation: A programme for creating professional animators. • Digital Interactive Multimedia: A course to acquaint students with the new media. • Diploma in Digital Visual Communication: Exposes to platforms such as print, the Web and interactive multimedia.


• Advanced Diploma in Digital Visual Communication and Animation: Prepares for careers in animation, multimedia, special effects, games, CBT (computerbased tutorials) and WBT (Webbased tutorials). For a successful career in this field, one needs to be familiar with web authoring, digital illustrations, image

editing, page layout creation, multimedia authoring, web publishing, conventional animation, contemporary animation, animation for Web, video editing and composing.

Salary Package on the Computer Animation Salaried animators and multimedia artists (grouped together) are earning an average of about $44,000. In the video and motion picture industry the median salary is higher, at around $60,000. As with every career, the salaries animators earned varied greatly with their employer and their region.

Animation can be learnt by anyone who has creative skills. The course doesn't really need a technical background but an engineering and arts student would have better scope in the field. The course's cost and duration varies and depends on an individual's learning abilities. A professionally skilled animator can kick start his/her career with a salary package of 2.2 lakh to 2.8 lakh per annum.

Reach out to principal teachers students Globally. OCMS Benefits : l It is open source, cool web based complete ERP solution from EHF for schools, principals, teachers and students. l It combines the power of internet, intranet and interactive activities to offer unique benefits. Preloaded with useful study material for

all classes. l EduHeal Foundation OCMS integrates various department and functions of the school for the benefit of student and teachers. l AT LOCAL LEVEL school can create its personal school pages such as about the school, its staff directory, admission information,

picture gallery and school news. Teacher can create articles, quizzes etc., display academic news and conduct courses/quizzes for students. They have their personal briefcase to hold their digital documents. Teachers can go global by uploading the above contents on EHF website www.eduhealfoundation.org. Student can view articles based on their subject/class, view news of a particular teacher/school and take part in quizzes. Students can go global by uploading their contents on EHF website www.eduhealfoundation.org. Teachers and Principal can review students performance in the course/ quizzes by looking at the number of attempts a student has made to score 100% in the quiz.

l AT GLOBAL LEVEL teacher can upload their articles, quizzes, students workshop, presentations, news; conduct courses/tests etc. and view similar items uploaded by others. Student can also participate in online quiz.

On completion EduHeal Foundation Online Course Management Software (OCMS) will add values to leading schools Globally. The software will come preloaded with content for class 1 to 12 prepared by EduSys. The Online Course Management Software (OCMS) worth Rs. 3,00,000 in the open market is absolutely free for school principal and teachers, who will participate in EduHeal Foundation Olympiads.

FREEDOM TO REACH OUT GLOBALLY! With

EDUHEAL FOUNDATION ONLINE COURSE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (OCMS)

For more details feel free to contact EduHeal Foundation, 103, Taj Apartment, Ring Road, Near AIIMS Trauma Centre, New Delhi29 Ph. : 01126168623, 26183198 or the National Coordinator on : 09811370229