10 building house

Buildings Practice For ProfessionalsConstruction Method Statements

Chapter 10 House Building in NCRSafety General

1 Refer to Chapter 3, MS 12 & 13, Chapter 4, MS1, Chapter 6, for general provisions on safety discipline in addition to those included with various method statements on this Chapter

2 Relevant point should be extracted from description in line to requirements on relevant activities

3 It is to be noted that safety standards vary from organization to organization, company to company & client to client

4 Just consideration of economy on project cannot exclusively, be a criterion to avoid or reduce safety measures

5 A minimum level of safety measures installations should be made a ‘must’ for a site supervise to ensure that workforce ‘must’ work safely

6 It is preferable to work with acceptable level of safety rather than loosening lives of workers

House building in NCRScope

1 Purpose of this method statement is to describe in brief, procedures that were adopted for one house construction in NCR Delhi long back

2 Synopsis of engineering construction provides brief details later3 Basement/Ground/First/Second floors/Penthouse4 All RCC structures from basement to pent house including RCC basement walls5 Walls in bricks at all levels6 Doors windows-Aluminum7 Existing old structure about 80 SQM with wooden doors, RCC structures8 Design of whole building all disciplines including connection to old building

Design methods/procedures1 All design disciplines were conducted self without any aid from architect2 Off sets/zoning, architectural plans, elevations, sections & detailing were conducted self3 Structural analysis were conducted using Kani’s rotation contribution method for which,

self formulized excel templates were used to reach moments, shear force, deflections, seismic impacts etc.

4 Designing was also, conducted using custom self formulized excel templates for beam, columns, foundations etc.

5 Bar bending schedules were prepared using excel sheet duly formulized in line & consideration to BS 4466 shape codes, which is now 8866

Safety1 Access ramp was profiled for access to foundation pit, used by personnel & donkeys both2 Scaffolding was procured in form of pipes as well as, wooden ballies/props3 Timber safety railing was used on sides to prevent falls4 PPEs were used to requirement (it is unfortunate to note that workers in NCR do not

respect use of PPE)

References1 Drawings- Included within synopsis

Page 1 of 17 2012 Int. P Eng (India) Suraj Singh


Chapter 10 House Building in NCR2 Specifications- General international & national

Materials1 Local materials from various sources procured for all activities2 Structural materials/ingredients were procured from Pali crushers/queries3 Reinforcing bars procured in full length 12/14 meters without being bent4 All reinforcing bars were fabricated on site only under my direct supervision5 Concrete was mixed on site, since RMC was not consistent in quality6 Formwork was designed using plywood & wooden battens, both hard wood & softwood

MethodsSurveys

1. Setting out was done by old methods of formation of a right angle triangle instead of using a theodolite.

2. All references regarding grids & levels were established on existing walls around excavated area

Excavation1 Existing soil type is silt/y clay with sandy strata @ 20 m depth2 No dewatering required, since water table is much below3 JCB equipment was utilized for excavations up to limited depth & limited setting out4 Reason was that on 3 sides, buildings existed, which did not permit full excavation by

machine, requiring manual means for further work5 Donkeys with masters were used for remaining excavation to reach formation level6 Excavated material was removed from site immediately as & when, it was dropped into

truck or on to tractor trolley or to temporary stockpile7 Sides of excavation were protected from erosion by covering with polythene sheet, so

that rain water does not help loosen strength in this case8 Horizontal/inclined bracings/supports were not required due to nature of soil

Blinding1 Since, soil bearing capacity is not safe to allow heavy structure on this formation, soil

improvement was conducted by including below formation level an improved layer 300 mm deep as explained later

2 This layer composed of aggregate & coarse dust duly watered & compacted, so that it should also, function as a coarse graded strata

3 On this layer, an application of Tapecrete coatings was carried out for concrete protection4 Coatings of Tapecrete was covered with a plaster screed for protection5 Preparation for blinding was effected & blinding concrete laid to whole area6 Blinding was cured to requirement of 3 days

Foundation1 Setting out foundations raft, a part of foundation beam was conducted2 Preparation of raft included placing fabricated reinforcement, fixing of forms to sides of

proposed raft, fixing spacers, cleaning whole RCC space etc.

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Chapter 10 House Building in NCR3 Special waterproofing compound was procured to be mixed with concrete for areas,

where a water tank portion required to be included within raft itself4 Concrete mixing & pouring was carried out in one day successfully, followed by

application of wooden finish & continuous curing for required number of days5 Work started for upright part of foundation beam, which included all activities respecting

forms fabrication & fixing, reinforcing bars fabrication & fixing, inclusion respecting box outs/inserts for services, water tank slab etc, were prepared to be ready for inspection

6 Concrete was mixed for this pour added with self leveling concrete compound7 During this pour, one sectional beam side tried to open, but immediately, it was

controlled by pressing back to alignment within tolerance limit.8 Continuous Curing was effected for required number of days

Basement Walls/Columns/Stairs1 Setting out respecting walls & columns was given & verified2 Work of columns commenced as it was to be part within RCC walls3 Works of columns included formwork fabrication, rebar fabrication & provision of

electrical inserts, all to be carried out in stages depending on number of form sets4 Work of RCC walls fabrication for basement started immediately after, beams were

completed5 Works of staircase also, started in parallel from basement level to its first landing6 Setting out of staircase was given on site using details from Autocad, so that no error

should result on site by contractor7 Basement walls were required to be poured in stages due to fact that formwork for 2

walls were only fabricated8 One by one all elements were prepared &poured followed by required number days of

curing application

Ground Floor Level Slab/Basement Cover1 Preparation for ground floor slab/basement suspended slab was initiated for which, steel

props procured for centering along with hard wood 50 x 100 mm section for grid support to formwork

2 Drawings were provided to lead steel fixers & lead formwork carpenters3 Setting out & levels were monitored regularly, so as not to cause certain error4 Reinforcement was placed on suspended slab, beams & up stands5 Electrical conduits were laid in line to drawings meeting requirement of all electrical

supply points such as light, fans &others6 Slab concrete was poured continuously, followed by both immediate or instant curing &

regular curing for required number of 7/10 days7 Application was moved with Haryana Urban Development Authority/Municipal

Corporation of Faridabad to inspect & issue DPC certificate, a statutory requirement8 Inspection was conducted by concerned officials & DPC issue was cleared

Ground Floor & Above/Superstructure1 Superstructure between ground floor & first floor included columns, suspended slabs &

staircase within extended portion



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR2 Superstructure on existing structure included dismantling of existing parapet, exposing

reinforcing dowels for upper columns & further work from that level up to second floor3 Also, required joining of old structure to new structure at first floor level 4 Setting out respecting columns at ground floor was conducted5 Access scaffolding to work around columns was erected6 Ground floor columns were to be prepared for double heights within hall portion7 Steel reinforcing bars were placed in positions according to drawings8 Electrical conduits with boxes were placed/fixed in columns, where required9 Kickers were prepared & poured for better alignment controls10 Form for all sides were fabricated & erected using plywood & battens11 Supports were fixed, alignment checked & plumb checked12 Concreting was done for columns in decided sequence13 Work of stairs were prepared in parallel, which sequences as carrying out basement

landing to first slab, pout with basement slab14 Works for first flight from ground to first landing were carried out accordingly, along

with steps for monolithic casting15 Works for first floor suspended slab were carried out using steel props specially rented 16 Preparations for first floor slab were completed with all services pertinent to electrical

discipline inserted17 Block outs for other services as well, were also, placed in18 Reinforcement fabrication & placing for slab as well as, 1800 mm balcony/1000 mm

balcony were also, carried out19 When all activities for preparation were over, clearance for pouring was given20 Slab concrete was poured in one day followed by intensive curing for 10 days21 Works for second slab started along with staircase as well as, works on old portion22 Columns on old portion were carried out along with added floor beams23 Double stage supporting system was used for area covering double height slab24 Forms for beams & slabs were fixed followed by steel reinforcing bars fixing25 All works respecting forms & reinforcing bars continued & completed as required26 All inserts & block outs/box outs were fixed in to meet requirement as indicated27 All electrical conduits were placed in, following requirements & locations of electrical

light points/ceiling fan points & wall points28 Adequate provisions for air conditioning box outs were included29 Provision for allowance for garbage chute too were made on slab30 When preparatory works were ready for pouring concrete, inspection were conducted &

pouring clearance granted followed by concrete pour in one day31 Columns, beams & slabs were poured accordingly, followed by required number of days

curing32 Application of waterproofing/concrete protection coating was made around whole

basement external surfaces up to plinth level/finished ground level33 Meanwhile, backfilling was being conducted around basement in 2 vertical layers34 Earth boring was carried out at one location up to 30 m depth followed by drilling

required pipes & coal etc, so that a connection using copper wire could be given to distribution board

35 First layer in contact with RCC walls was to be filled with 100 mm river sand, while remaining layer with ordinary soil



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR36 Later, on all following sequential items such as brick walling, electrical services first fix,

plastering, rendering, ceramic tiling, sanitary fixtures, water tank placement & connection, painting, flooring, lighting etc continued, until all works were completed so that it facilitated to move an application to obtain an Occupation Certificate from authorities, which is a statutory requirement prior to occupying constructed building

ReferenceHouse Construction on Plot 430 Sector 21 B, NCR India, FaridabadConstruction Synopsis

1 Construction commenced 12.11.20082 Structure completed 9.7.20093 Please refer to plates from 1 to 26 giving entire views of structural construction.4 Cost on RCC 500 rupees per square foot

Figures 1 to 8 below give certain details for your immediate, reference.For detailed review of plans, refer to chapter 13, sketch # 66 to 108

1 Purpose of this file is an exclusive indicative information exchange.

Figure 1 Plan1 Plot Size 420 SQM2 Basement below drawing room hall portion3 Ground coverage 55 %4 Total coverage added 540 SQM



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR

Figure 2 PlanSalient features of construction carried out:

1 Front portion double height drawing room or hall2 Rear portion Bed Room area in three stories3 Ground floor portion 75 SQM previously constructed in year 20004 Soil Silt/y Clay with high affinity to water & white ants.5 Depth of formation level (-3.4 m) for basement.6 Excavation carried out by JCB partly & then used donkey stock for a total excavation

quantity of 550 cum. 7 Excavated soil removed from site using trucks/tractor trolleys.

Soil improvement activity below formation level as defined below:1 Soil improvement by filling/laying 40 mm size graded aggregate 250 mm thick, followed

by placing 20 &10 mm graded aggregate one after other to fill voids & then on that layer, placed graded machine dust to completely pack fill voids.

2 Above mix was compacted dry as well as, wet to get placed mix material dense for both to improve/enhance bearing capacity & to reduce possible settlement.

3 I had observed one pit 1 M x 1 M x 2 M deep for about six months to understand soil conduct, observations of which were utilized for designing foundations.

4 There was no problem in excavation & there was no need of any shoring during excavation that indicates that soil was self supporting due to having no angle of internal friction, but due to possessing high value of cohesion.

5 Substrata did not have any water table but, certain moisture content % very nominal. 6 It appears that land was used for purpose of agriculture in long past & for development of

area, Development authority acquired land for urbanization around Delhi. 7 Soil definitely contained certain organic chemicals that had to be avoided to impart

adverse affect to proposed building.8 I judged SBC of soil to be around, 5 to 10 T /SQM based on my experience yet, it did not

meet building requirement due to unforeseen conduct of Clays, that could have contended minerals like Montmorillonite or Illite or some others, which could help soil either to swell, while being in contact with water or to loosen entire shear strength/resistance.



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR9 Proposal was to include one equal size basement that caused me a cause of concern. 10 I decided to avoid construction of isolated foundations on existing soil, even at cost of

additional expenses. 11 Fortunately, I have experienced during my career extensively on RCC building projects

as well as, on industrial onshore projects, both in office engineering as well as, in field engineering.

12 Based on my experience earning, I could solve proposal easily, which I did comfortably with full confidence successfully.

13 A decision was made to apply soil improvement technique in easiest way, so that bearing capacity as well as, permeability of soil below formation is sustainable.

14 Water should not affect foundation, if it is allowed to move beneath foundation structures because mobility of water can result in various chemical changes within soil & also, can impact other adjacent structures.

15 Clay soil had to be isolated from building substructures for purpose of RCC protection.16 To meet requirement, I decided to form a road type structure below foundation formation

without involving any cementing material, but to be included just water bound. 17 Some person suggested to include lime also, to mix with soil for soil stabilization, but it

did not convince me, since lime is not a reliable material in moist environment. 18 I went ahead to excavate about 300 mm additional depth to accommodate proposed soil

improvement to a minimal meeting. 19 It could be more thick but, I did not intend to take risk more than that due to excessive

depth of excavation, where on two sides of proposed building, existing building/s up to three story are located.

20 Formation was prepared & 40m size aggregate, which is called Vapisi (40mm aggregate) in Delhi term, was used to be placed first.

21 20 mm size aggregate was placed on 40 mm size layer, so that voids within 40 mm size aggregate to be filled packed with 10 mm size aggregates.

22 Later, additional layer of machine graded dust was placed, so that voids within 10 mm size aggregate to be filled packed with mechanically produced dust.

23 All laid dry mix was watered & compacted just as it is done on a water bound Macadem road structure formation.

24 I noticed after compaction that formation was very strong & there was much improvement on SBC.

25 Foregoing fill has to respond to work as a permeable medium also, for down flowing water as well as, to allow a break for upward flowing water in future that could be a result of heavy rains/water table rise or by whatsoever reason, it could be.

26 This provision has also, affected as a barricade for clay soil to be in contact with foundations.

27 In addition to above, on sides of fixed retaining RCC walls built between main columns, fill material used is river sand, so that it allows water to permeability, since clay does not possess this property, but considerable porosity.

28 Virtually, foundations built are soil contact free & portions between all RCC beams foundations joining columns in both directions, an exclusively river sand was used as a filling material to avoid cumbersome work on compaction of soils, either to be taken selectively from site or to be imported from selected source.



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR29 I think that work has been done economically, in all respects inducing to foundation,

what it necessitated from practical engineering construction viewpoints.

Structural:1 On prepared soil improvement base, a 50 mm thick layer of blinding concrete was laid.2 Surface of blinding concrete waterproofed using CICO Tapecrete coating protected by

plastering on coating.3 Analysis of structures was done using Kani’s Rotation Contribution Method, a very old

method of moment distribution, but yet useful4 Analysis of foundation framed matting done by purpose made worksheets.5 Sketch shows details of foundation section 400 x 1200 mm beam, with 800 mm wide

spreader embedded in full 200 mm thick RCC matting under all beams in both directions. 6 Columns were revealed for stubs/full columns from beams7 One 16000 litres capacity water storage tank has also, been provided below basement

accommodated between foundation beams to contain 600 deep water.8 Between beams, river sand filling provided in place of soil, since it is difficult to compact

available soil, which could also, deteriorate concrete protection applied in solution form as cement based coating.

9 Externally, 450 mm wide portion filled with river sand, while remaining soil butts with 450 mm line, for which prosecution used form plywood & battens were used to erect temporary formwork between soil & sand layers.

10 Contractor was not happy to carry out such dual filling for which, extra payment based on day basis work was made.

11 There was allowed no contact between soil & foundations anywhere. 12 Sole criteria had been to keep water permeability working below & around foundations,

so that a virtual filter functions permanently.13 In general, anti termite treatment is applied on all buildings in NCR zone, but no such

application was made due to fact that termite cannot bite concrete

Figure 3 Foundation beam1 Retaining walls 200 mm thick provided around foundations to hold fill. 2 Wall reinforced with 8 mm reinforcing bars @ 200 centers both ways.



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR3 Main hall portion allowed 12 columns 1000 x 400 mm 4 # columns, while 600 x 400 mm

8 # columns.4 Span between columns being 11 M in two frames, while 8 M in three frames.5 Certain frames are located in double height area.6 Front allows 1800 mm wide balconies, while sides 1000 mm.7 Six beams provided in front balconies at both levels.8 Main beams permitted 300 mm x 600 mm section for stability resolution.9 Cross beams included 200 x 300 mm section.10 Stair waste provided 200 mm thick with reinforcing bars meshing in top & bottom layers.11 All suspended slabs included with 8 mm reinforcing bars @ 200 mm centers both top &

bottom.12 Rear bed rooms’ portion constructed with 11 # columns 300 mm x 450 mm sections for

spans do not exceed 5m.13 A quantity of 250 cum RCC constructed using M 30/25, all onsite mixing done.14 Form support systems employed using rented props.15 Form material employed 12 mm thick ply & timber scantlings/battens 50 mm x 75 mm &

50 mm x 100 mm.16 A total quantity of reinforcing bars used 22000 kg.17 Up to ground level 8000 kg & above ground 14000 kg.18 Labour workforce element contractor did not include curing element, which consequently

I had to do this activity/part myself. 19 I did not find any problem for suspended slab curing, but for columns & brick walls, I

conducted hard job. 20 Water supply & distribution to kitchen & wet areas has been arranged to be supplied

from tank below basement, located between foundation beams, which has a capacity about 16000 litres

21 Water is delivered to this tank by gravity from municipal supply main, from where, it is pumped to roof located 4 # numbers water tanks/tank farm 1000 litres each

22 Delivery to/intake @ tank is integrated, while basement pump supplies water to 2 # roof tanks only, from where water is automatically, moved to other two tanks as well & then from there/all tanks, water is distributed down to all floors excepting basement

23 Though proposed use of building is for residential purpose per local authority, yet visitors put building not as residential in look, but either commercial or any office.

24 A platform was also, constructed to mount Sai Baba statute 25 Finishing items constituted plastering, rendering, marble stone flooring, ceramic tiling on

walls, marble paint coating, wooden cupboards, roofing etc.

Major activities can be summarized as follows:1 Excavation of whole area, which can be referred to chapter 13, sketch # 1052 Soil improvement on all formation areas with structure graded fill/engineered fill3 Blinding concrete on whole prepared & compacted areas4 Application of concrete protection coating over blinding layer5 Protection mortar layer over waterproofing/concrete protection coating6 Steel rebar fixing for raft part of foundation beams frame 7 Formwork installation for raft part of foundation beams 8 Pouring raft part of foundations beam frame



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR9 Steel fixing for beams part of foundations10 Formwork for beams part of foundations11 Services’ inserts installations within foundation beams12 Pouring foundation beams using self leveling compound mixed with concrete13 Preparatory works for suspended slab for water tank cover14 Pouring water tank suspended slab15 Preparatory works for basement columns 16 Preparatory works for basement retaining walls one by one17 Preparatory works for stairs basement first flight & pouring18 Preparatory works for basement cover slab or ground slab & pouring19 Columns for ground floor in sequence20 Stair flight for ground to first floor21 Suspended slab works for ground floor cover or first floor level slab22 & similarly, all structural activities for whole remaining elements completed23 Then, brick walling, plaster, render, roofing, flooring, marble stone flooring, painting,

wood work services etc all items24 Installation of services fixes & commissioning all services

Observations:1 I tried to apply all efforts to extract a good quality of structure from workers used to

system in NCR but, I was successful to certain extent only. 2 It necessitates a lot of training to be imparted with skilled workers as well as, self styled

contractors & foreman. 3 Most significant part that requires training is about, what should be real procedures of

producing, transporting & placing concrete mix within right defined duration. 4 QA system is slackening on use of structural concrete. 5 Generally, RMC suppliers think that cube results only, dominate concrete. 6 There is no call in Bharat India to mandatory drill cores post concreting to ensure

accuracy or genuine sampling of cubes. 7 Concrete pouring gangs do work efficiently but, compliance with requirement raises a

question mark on various projects. 8 Absence of qualified engineers on supervision also, raises eyebrows. Public seems to be

ignorant & non serious about required quality of good concrete & very few understand durability of concrete as a basic property.

9 What is seen by eyes is considered building work but, real technological requirements do not reach builder or general public.

10 Promoters or builders befool consumers in name of international standards & make profits from innocent buyers.

11 For further reference to understand this construction, many sketches have been attached within chapter 13, sketch # 66 to 108, which I think should be useful to reader.

12 All these sketches are detailed well in architectural, structural, building services etc, which can be referred to for grasping requirements on professional projects drawings & documents issues.

13 I have experienced that contractors & engineers avoid preparation all detailed documents for sake of time or cost, but I do not know exactly what reason is behind that neglecting approach



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR14 Interestingly, double mesh both ways reinforcing bars were included on suspended slabs

& almost all being 8 T excepting certain cantilever beams.15 Steel fixer contractor was scared to include 8 T only, but it was done to his surprise.16 Similarly, 12 T reinforcing bars were included in many beams with span 11M, which

surprised many builders.17 Steel contractor was surprised to see that polythene sheet was used to cover reinforcing

bars which were in store or others that had been placed on job.18 Bars in store were used to be covered all days & only bars to be fabricated were

withdrawn & after, withdrawal, again polythene sheet covered.19 Some reinforcing bars were due to rain, which rust was removed from bars by steel

brushing for many days. 20 It was also, surprising that workers removing loose rust did not feel happy to do task.21 Brick walls were carried out after slab formwork struck completely.22 Elevation drawings were issued to contractor for walls windows areas, for parapet areas23 No lintel was included due to reverted design of windows24 Reverted design means, top width being more than middle & middle width more than

lowest as all windows resembled stepping in two steps on all elevations25 Purpose of had been to allow lesser loads from walls as well as, to allow natural lights to

a maximum extent possible at least during day sunny hours.26 Special design was drawn for roofing item utilizing used plywood, battens, polystyrene

etc so that roof is thermally insulated as well as, act acoustic.27 It has also, been experienced that for such buildings, structures are not allowed due

weight to design applications as architects or layman builders dominate such low profile private clients market

28 Every unqualified in engineering person experienced as mason or carpenter, self appoints as a builder or a promoter or a contractor winning jobs either @ labour element rate or as a lump sum or item rate based, which results in carrying out designs based on no design calculations, while owners are misled in such situation

29 Owners are advised to save cost by not including design based structural elements30 Conventional old tradition workers carry out their own assumed or practiced designs &

deliver non professional buildings, but well decorated from internal & external envelopes keeping owner pleased

31 Such buildings are not even based on direct load calculations, forget about bending moments, deflection or seismic shear altogether, while builder provides a guaranteed verbatim statement to owner pertinent to hundreds years long life of delivered building

32 Even higher dia. Steel reinforcing bars are included within suspended slabs, while, required beams &columns are overlooked or neglected altogether

33 Generally, 225x225mm columns are added to certain locations but within block walls raised together to slab level followed by slab work

34 Curing got no specific meaning in such builder’s vocabulary, while some leave first day post formwork striking surface of columns & others to natural curing by air!!!

35 Hope public could understand engineering & requirement of a well designed building



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR

Figure 4



Chapter 10 House Building in NCRFigure 5

Figure 6




Quality Systems: Lessons Learnt & Conclusions1 Quality Requirement is More Significant than Quality Awareness. 2 Quality requirement must be binding leaving chalta he or quality last attitude written

off for ever to be replaced by thik karo or quality must attitude.3 Quality Systems Requirement must be adherently, applied from Designs to Tendering to

Award to Supervision to Execution of Construction Operations as well as, post construction maintenance.

4 Merely, signing off documents is not sufficient but, carrying out of activities & cent per cent inspections or examinations are mandatory.

5 Those personnel involved with quality system operations, must be themselves quality competent as well as, quality supportive & must campaign for its realty achievement by encouraging other department’s personnel. Responsibility ignoring personnel spoil whole system quality.

6 Lapse on quality cannot be digested in any case, whether activity belongs to pre earthquake preventive measures or belongs to a post earthquake disaster management.

7 Loss of lives due to negligence cannot be compromised. Generally, it has been experienced in almost all spheres that after quality system introduction for decades, products quality has not resulted as expected consequently, by inefficient compliance of quality system.

8 Lapse of quality on performance & its inefficiency cannot be allowed to be digested with any disaster mitigation scenario whether, it has to be in operation or it has to be as supporting resources or as involving leading authorities whosoever & howsoever big one may be.

9 Hard work input, determination, dedication, commitment, implementation, post implementation scrutiny or audits, are all a must & must be seen duly performing in addition to approved or recognized agreements.

10 Bare talks & statements would not work to give required results. Real action must be seen doing by one & by all members of all departments teams.



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR11 No leniency should be accepted on doing any activity to requirement in any department

or section. 12 Safety first & Quality must attitude must be adopted as a strong potential slogan.13 Can we understand this? 14 Since world has been changing then Bharat/India has to change otherwise, there would be

no way to escape from due responsibility & legal liability.15 Know safety, no pain versus No safety, Know pain. 16 Can we understand it?

Other buildings1 Chapter 13, sketch # 63 & 64 an officer’s apartment/flat & an administrative building

respectively, provide more proposals for construction purpose2 As described in foregoing, similar, sequence for respective activities should be followed3 All such buildings are RCC structures with internal & external finished on same pattern

or scheme4 Sketch # 61 shows a central control building, which constitutes a part of major facilities

project with wide dimensions5 Purpose of such building is to house all central controls that are required to control all

processes trains on a chemical processing plant 6 Since, this type of building is located in off sites of processing areas, such structure must

be blast resistant/resilient due to fact that its distance of extreme corner lies within in 200/600 m of process area location for which, sketch # 20 indicative facility layout could be referred

7 Sketch does not show complete details of settings out but, only that part, which requires blast resistance that can be provided including RCC walls on periphery allowing blast resistant steel thick doors on indicated locations or if so required, on other locations as well.

8 CCB type building should have IT access room with raised floor system to contain optical networking supporting arrangements cabling

9 CCB must have devised with all equipment that would be required for total processing controls & should have adequate accommodation capacity as well as, internal circulation areas from safety & ergonomics viewpoint

10 Entry locations should be provided with air lock doors/entries11 Internal controls should be provided with access card system or other security &

surveillance system12 CCB must have integration with CCTV network/SCADA controls etc.13 Sketch # 62 indicates a line plan for a substation building, which requires blast resilience

or resistant design provisions14 When such building is located within 200 M from process area, it should be blast

resistant & accordingly RC walls & slabs should be provided, while no precast elements preferred on such buildings

15 When located between 200 to 600 M, it could be blast resilient16 When located more than 600 m, it could be non blast building/an ordinary structure

involving normal loads, wind loads & seismic shears applications17 Substation constitutes cable cellar, high voltage switch gear area, transformer area,

control offices areas



Chapter 10 House Building in NCR18 Walls should be RCC constructed for blast resistant case in addition to RCC roof19 RCC Columns should be constructed for blast resilience case in addition to RCC roof20 Walls should be concrete block with normal reinforcement in voids/horizontal alternative

courses constructed for blast resilience or non blast areas21 Precast slabs or walls should not be used for blast impact locations due to no viability22 Transformers party walls should be RCC constructed for blast as well as, for fire loading23 For all such critical buildings in process areas or in off sites, adequate provisions should

be made for loss prevention utilizing either FM 200 system or Inergen gas system, which performs on basis of consideration that during fire, area in scope, is sealed in seconds allowing no fire spread

24 Sketch #65 show a general arrangement pertinent to a sectional tank respecting water storage tank in plant areas, where no single unit tank can be useful due to certain reasons

25 Single unit tank does not allow continuation of water service, in case of problem is involved with tank but, sectional design, can allow continuation by holding affecting sectional cube

26 Tank is shown in 4 # vertical layers or row as, while it has 15 # units horizontally in each row, which arrangement capacitates to defined quantity

27 Tanks has to rest on ground for which, foundation is required28 Foundation beams have been located to bear load in such a way that end beams carry

weight/load from one unit mount or stack only, while intermediate beams, carry from two unit mounts or stack

29 Whole area require excavation in shallow depths, compaction, blinding, concrete protection, protection concrete, formworks for beams, steel placing, concrete pouring etc.

30 A pump shed is also, required to be constructed adjacent to this tank by installing a pump plinth or base based on machine design calculations


10 building house

Engineering