10€¦ · bienvenido u. tagolimot, phd esp-adm elbert r. francisco, phd, chief-cid ernesto d....

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Samuel A. Banda, MA.Ed.Ad., Jan Elmar P. Tabamo, Tirso K. Torniado Content Editor: Raquel Rita D. Salingay, EdD, Daniel A. Flores Language Editor: Karen Mae B. Segumpan Reviewer: Ernesto D. Reciña, Jr., EPS – MAPEH Evaluator: Susan M. Saa Illustrator: Shiera G. Canlas Layout Artist: Jebson Ray C. Jamorol Management Team:

Chairperson: Arturo B. Bayucot, PhD, CESO III Regional Director Co-chairperson: Victor G. De Gracia Jr. PhD, CESO V Asst. Regional Director

Randolph B. Tortola, PhD., CESO IV School Division Superintendent

Shambaeh A. Usman, PhD Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, PhD., Chief CLMD Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS

Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, PhD ESP-ADM Elbert R. Francisco, PhD, Chief-CID Ernesto D. Reciña, Jr. EPS-MAPEH Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD, LRMS Manager Jeny B. Timbal, PDO II Shella O. Boasco,Division Librarian II

Music – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Music of the 20th Century First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

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This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other

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recommendations to the Department of Education at

[email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations

10

MUSIC Quarter 1

Music of the 20th Century Style

Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

mailto:[email protected]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER PAGE

COPYRIGHT PAGE

TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT

Note to the Teacher/ Facilitator

Note to the Learner

Note to the Parents/Guardian

Module Icons

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW WHAT I KNOW (Pretest)

Lesson 1- (Impressionism to Modern Nationalism)

What I Need To Know 1

What I Know 1

What’s In 3

What’s New 3

What is it 4

What’s More 10

Independent Practice What I Have Learned 12

What I Can Do 12

Assessment 13

Guided Assessment 15

Independent Assessment

Additional Activities 14

Lesson 2- (Characteristic Style and Movements of Music)


What I Know 15

What’s In 16

What’s New 16

What is it 17

What’s More 18

Guided/Controlled Practice

Independent Practice

What I Have Learned 19

What I Can Do 19

Assessment 20

Guided Assessment



Lesson 3- (Music Performance Practice)


What I Know 22

What’s In 23

What’s New 23

What is it 24

What’s More 24



What I Can Do 25

Assessment 27

Guided Assessment



Lesson 4- (Musical Forms)


What I Know 29

What’s In 30

What’s New 30

What is it 31

What’s More 34



What I Can Do 35

Assessment 36

Guided Assessment



Lesson 5- (Music and Visual Arts of the 20th Century)


What I Know 38

What’s In 39

What’s New 39

What is it 40

What’s More 41



What I Can Do 44

Assessment 45

Guided Assessment



Lesson 6- (The Exploration of Arts and Media in Music)


What I Know 48

What’s In 50

What’s New 50

What is it 51

What’s More 52



What I Can Do 53

Assessment 53

Guided Assessment



Lesson 7- Music and Musical Performance)


What I Know 55

What’s In 56

What’s New 56

What is it 57

What’s More 58



What I Can Do 59

Assessment 60

Guided Assessment



Lesson 8- ( Performance Task: Rubrics) 62

POSTTEST 63

ANSWER KEYS 65

REFERENCES 71

Introductory Message

Welcome to the Music 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Music

of the 20th Century Styles.

This module describes distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th

century styles which were collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you- the teacher or

facilitator. It helps the learners in meeting the standards set by the K to 12

Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in

schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their ability to adapt to change.

Note to the Teacher

In response to the need for today’s challenging new normal way of living due

to pandemic, this module for Grade 10 learners is the first book uniquely designed to

achieve the goals set by the Department of Education. It is expected that with the

use of the modern technologies that we have, millennial teachers are foretold to be

more innovative, creative, resilient, and orally competent.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learner’s progress while allowing them to

manage their learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the

learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

Note to the Learners

Learning occurs anywhere and anytime. With this, modules are developed to

address the Education for All (EFA) goals of our country. As you go through the

pages, you will discover the variety of learning and insights on the 20th century

music with the help of technology. You will also appreciate the easy-to-follow lesson

format and new the concepts introduced with an interesting application followed by a

clear explanation and examples.

The writer of the module would like to commend you on giving time to answer

some activities designed to develop your knowledge and skills in learning the music

in the 20th century and its musical elements and styles. Your decision to engage

yourself in learning this module is a worthwhile experience for you as a learner.

Note to the Parents/Guardian

As a parent/guardian, you are expected to participate and facilitate diverse

learning experiences and activities of your child outside the school premises. We

believe that your engagement will create conditions in which your child learns more

effectively. By assessing your child in taking up his/her lessons, you will become an

important factor in your child’s overall learning and education.

Good luck! Hope you will enjoy working with this module.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises

diligently.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the

module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities

included in the module.

3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not

hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not

alone in this endeavour.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies.

In this module, you will learn to evaluate and assess the composers and the musical elements applied in the 20th century.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Impressionism to Modern Nationalism

• Lesson 2 – Characteristic Style and Movements

• Lesson 3 – Music Performance Practice

• Lesson 4 – Musical Forms

• Lesson 5— Music and Visual Arts of the 20th Century

• Lesson 6—The Exploration of Arts and Media in Music

• Lesson 7—Music and Musical Performance

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles;

2. Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of

composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music;

3. Relate 20th century music to other art forms and media during the same

period;

4. Perform music sample from the 20th century

5. Evaluate music and music performances using guided rubrics.

What I Need to Know

Pre-Assessment

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which one of the musical compositions of Sergie Prokofeiff is intended

only for children?

A. Romeo and Juliet C. Peter and Wolf

B. War and Peace D. Song of the Bagpipe

2. How many years did the Mikrokosmos, as one of the exceptional works of

Bartok last?

A. 12 B.13 C.14 D.15

3. Who among the composers was born to musical parents and died on

September 26, 1945, in New York City?

A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky

B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin

4. Who was the proponent of the Neo-classicism?

A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel

B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg

5. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born?

A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden

6. Which of the following phrases is an appropriate meaning of Syncopation?

A. On-the-beat accent C. Off-the-beat accent

B. On-the-air of accent D. On-the-speeding up the tempo

7. Which one of the following basic related terms of meter cannot be observed

through the standard patterns used by the conductors?

A. Andante B. Quadruple C. Triple D. Duple

8. Which of the following musical elements refers to the horizontal and linear

presentation of a pitch?

A. Dynamics B. Melody C. Harmony D. Form

9. Which texture of music gives a pattern of regular or irregular pulses occur of

strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats?

A. Rhythm B. Harmony C. Melody D. Movement

10. Which movement of music that depicts the particular emotions, responses of

objects, and events arouse in the artist?

A. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism

B. Expressionism D. Neo-classical

11. Which movement of music seeks to return in aesthetic precepts associated

with the broadly defined concept?

A. Avant-garde C. Neo-classicism

C. Expressionism D. Impressionism

12. Which of the following choices that is invented by the performers and in making or

doing something which is not planned?

A. Active B. Domineering C. Progressive D. Improvisation

13. Which of the following melodies is described as smooth, easy to sing and

play?

A. Conjunct C. Dissonance

B. Consonance D. Disjunct

14. Which kind of musical element produces different sound qualities depending

on the characteristic of its pattern?

A. Theme B. Texture C. Pitch D. Tone/Timber

15. Which attitude of a composer is described as the ability to make new things

or think of new ideas?

A. Creative B. Possessive C. Advance D. Timid

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PROMINENT COMPOSERS

____Arnold Schoenberg ____Claude Debussy

____ Igor Stravinsky ____ Joseph Maurice Ravel

____Francis Poulenc ____ George Gershwin

____Bela Bartok ____Phillip Glass

____Leonard Bernstein ____Sergei Prokofeiff

____William Schuman ____ Nikolai Korsakov

____ Alexander Borodin ____ Mily Balakirev

____Ramon Santos ____ Lucresia Kasilag

This lesson will help you understand the distinctive musical elements of

given pieces at the same time the cultural and historical background of the

composers of the 20th century. If you encounter problems and difficulties in

answering it, seek assistance from your teacher or facilitator. You can also

consult your peers or refer to the module you have studied previously for

reference and guidance. You may check your work with your teachers.

In this lesson, you are expected to:

• Describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century

styles.

Directions: Inside the box are the names of the prominent composers in the 20th

century. Identify the pictures by writing the number on the space provided before each name.

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In your lessons on vocal music of the romantic period in Grade 9, you sang

and performed themes of selected songs. Vocal music was one of the best tools for

expressing one’s feelings. The romantic period’s basic quality is emotional

subjectivity, the composer’s feelings of grandiosity, intimacy, unpredictability,

sadness, rapture, and longing. To fully understand and appreciate music as a whole,

this module will let you experience and explore the transitory period in the music of

the 20th century. Through understanding the past, we learn to appreciate the things

we enjoy today.

Music of the 20th Century: The musical works of the 20th century introduced new styles and movements

of music with dissonances, percussive sounds, and irregular rhythms. Music of the 20th century was greatly influenced by the movements in Europe in the context of Impressionism, Expressionism, Neo-classicism, Avant-Garde and Modern Nationalism. These musical movements contribute various styles and distinctive compositions and arrangements behind their innovative and experimental styles.

“The Transitory Period and the Musical Movement”

Welcome to the first topic of the lesson. You will be

learning the transition of the music of the 20th century. So,

what are you waiting for? Start having fun and be informed

of the different movements in music.

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What is It

1. IMPRESSIONISM

It is a musical style that produces new indirect musical colors that lightly

overlapped in different chords with each other. It works on nature sounds like the

splashing of the waves, flowing river, chirping of the birds, and the soft music evoked

and its beauty, likeness, and brilliance. Impressionism normally gives the feeling of

finality to a piece, moods and textures, harmonic vagueness about the structure of

certain chords, and the use of a whole-tone scale.

Among the most famous impressionist composers in the world, both

developed a particular style of composition were Claude Debussy and Joseph

Maurice Ravel.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918) He was born last August 22, 1862, in St. Germain-en-Laye in France. With his

intention to change the sequence of music from traditional and conventional ways, he found new ways in evolving into a new language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form, texture, and color which describes distinctive musical elements. He acquired and gained refutations as an erratic pianist and rebel in theory and harmony added with other systems of musical composition because of his passion for music. Fortunately won the top prize at the Prix de Rome competition with his composition (“L’ Enfant Prodigue”). Among his composition were represented by the following works: Ariettes Oubliees, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, String Quartet, Pelleas et Melisande (1895), La

Mer (1905), Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes, Claire de Lune (moonlight). He was able to compose musical pieces more or less 227 which include orchestral music, chamber music, piano music, operas, ballets, songs, and other vocal music. He was inspired by Franz Liszt, Fredrick Chopin, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Giuseppe Verdi. He was called the “Father of the modern school of composition” that marks him on the styles of later 20th century composers like Igor Stravinsky, Edgar Varese, and Olivier Messiaen. He ventured visual arts through the influenced by Monet, Pissarro, Manet, Degas and Renoir. Furthermore, he indulged also in literary arts significantly influenced by Mallarme, Verlaine, and Rimbaud. As a person he was tender, loving and compassionate, he died with cancer in Paris last March 25, 1918 at the height of the First World War.

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MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)

He was the son of a Basque mother and a Swiss father and born in Ciboure, France. At the age of 14, he entered the Paris Conservatory with the eminent French composer Gabriel Faure and composed a number of masterpieces where he studied music. He characterized with unique innovative but not an atonal style of harmonic treatment with intricate and sometimes modal and extended chordal components.

Ravel’s works are only musically satisfying but also pleasantly dissonant elegantly sophisticated applying harmonic progressions and modulations. Refining his delicacy and color, contrast and effects add to the difficulty in the proper execution of the musical passages with water in its flowing and stormy moods, as well as with human characterizations where many of his works dealt with it. He was a perfectionist composer adheres to classical form specifically ternary structure; he was considered as a strong advocate of Russian music and admired the music of Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, and Mendelsshon. Ravel’s output comprises approximately 60 pieces for piano, chamber music, song cycles, ballet, and opera. These are the following works:

• Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899)

• Jeux d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901)

• String Quartet (1903)

• Sonatine for Piano (c.1904)

• Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905

• Gaspard de la Nuit (1908)

• Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911)

• Le Tombeau de Couperin (c.1917)

• Rhapsodie Espagnole

• Bolero

• Daphnis et Chloe (1912)

• La Valse (1920)

• Tzigane (1922)

Unfortunately, he died with Aphasia on December 28, 1937.

2. EXPRESSIONISM

Expressionism presents atonality and the twelve-tone scale revealing

composer’s mind, expressing strong emotions, anxiety, rage, and alienation. It

expresses the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. One of

the proponents of expressionism is Arnold Schoenberg.

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ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)

Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer born last September 13, 1874,

in a working-class of Suburb of Vienna, Austria. He was

famous as the exponent of the twelve-tone system with twelve

tones related only to one another also known as the serial

technique. He was influenced by Richard Wagner, a German

composer.

His contribution to music includes atonality, meaning

the absence of key evolved from an emphasis on chromatic

harmony in the liberal use of the twelve tones in a chromatic

scale. Apart from it, he also includes serialism and

Sprechstimmre which is a manner of performing a song with

half-sung and half-spoken. In 1908, he began to write approximately 213 musical

compositions include concerte, orchestral music, piano music, opera, choral music,

songs, and other instrumental music. His works include the following:

• Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 1

• Pierrot Lunaire,

• Gurreleider

• Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899) He died last July 13, 195, in Los Angeles, California, USA where he had settled

since 1934.

3. NEOCLASSICISM

Neo-classicism music is different from the two movements. This is light,

entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional content. The composition style

used by the composer was the seven-note diatonic scale. This period combines

tonal harmonies applying with slight dissonance which has a three- movement

format like shifting time signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic patterns, as well

as harmonic dissonance that produce harsh chords. The composers of this time in

neo-classicism are Francis Poulenc, Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, and Sergei

Prokofeiff.

IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)

Igor Stravinsky was a Russian born composer and

conductor who became both and American and a French

citizen, he was born last June 17, 1882, in Oraniaenbaum

(now Lomonosov) Russia. His style of music is neoclassical

which uses scale, cords, and tone color in a clear and

traditional way with frequent changes in meter signature,

offbeat syncopation, and displacing regular accent as he

utilize. He adopted the forms of 18th century music with his

contemporary style of writing, very structured, precise,

controlled, full of artifice, and theatricality despite its shocking modernity. In 1939, he

went to USA and venture another style of music to experience his passion and

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wanted to integrate his knowledge in Russian music. However, he opted and slowly

turned back into his nationalistic style of Russian music and cultivate his neoclassical

style in which Stravinsky’s work.

Stravinsky was able to produce a musical output of approximately 127 works,

including concerti, orchestral music, instrumental music, operas, and ballets, solo

vocal, and choral music. On April 6, 1971 he died in New York City. The following

are the works of Stravinsky:

Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), The Rite of Spring (1913), The wedding

(1923), AND Agon (1957), orchestral music like Symphonies of wind instruments

(1920), concerto for pianos and winds (1924), Dumbarton Oaks Concerto (1938),

Symphony in C (1940), Symphony in 3 movements (1945), and Ebon concerto

(1945); choral music like Symphony of Psalms (1930), Canticum Sacrum (1955),

Threni (1958), and Requiem Canticles (1966); and operas like The Rake’s Progress

(1951), opera oratorio Oedipus Rex (1927), and other dramatic works like the

Soldier’s Hale (1918).

SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891-1953)

He was born last 1891 in Ukraine. He combined the movements of music like

Neoclassicism, Nationalism, and Avant-Garde composition.

With his progressive technique, pulsating rhythms, melodic

directness, and a resolving dissonance he was uniquely

recognized. In writing symphonies, chamber music, concerte,

and solo instrumental music, he became a productive and

prolific composer. He worked and linked with other

composers, combined styles of Haydn and Mozart as

classicist and Igor Stravinsky as Neo-Classicist also inspired

by Beethoven with two highly regarded violin concerte and

two string quartets.

With his desire to write music for the ballet and opera, he was given a chance

to contact with Diaghilev and Stravinsky for Romeo and Juliet for ballet, and War and

Peace for opera. He intendedly wrote a light-hearted orchestral work for children to

pacify the continuing government restrictions and disciplinary actions at the time of

Avant-Garde composers entitled Peter and the Wolf. He died

in Moscow on March 15, 1953.

BELA BARTOK (1881-1945) Bela Bartok was born last March 25, 1881 in Nagyszentmiklos, Hungary (Romania). Began lessons with his mother and made folk songs transcription. He opened the way to new modal kinds of harmony and irregular meter. He was a Hungarian composer and pianist, created a distinctive musical style using folk music. He excelled in instrumental music writing many works for solo piano pieces, six string quartets and other chamber music, three concertos for piano, one for violin and several compositions for orchestras, the

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reinterpreted, traditional-musical forms like the rondo, fugue, and sonata. He utilized changing meters and strong syncopations in his music style. The six string quartet is the greatest achievement of his creative life that lasted for full 30 years for their completion. He combined difficult and dissonant music with mysterious sounds as description of the composition. Approximately 700 musical compositions include concerti, orchestral music, piano music, instrumental music, dramatic music, choral music, and songs. The concerto for orchestra in 1943, is a five-movement work featuring the exceptional talents of each various soloist in an intricately constructive piece. On the other hand, Allegro Barbaro (1911) drew percussive sounds with swirling rhythms where a solo piano is punctuated. Meanwhile, Mikrokosmos contains a collection of six books as a legacy in music introducing and familiarizing contemporary harmony and rhythm to the piano students technically and progressively. In 1940, he left Hungary for the United States. On September 26, 1945, he died of leukemia in New York City Hospital.

4. AVANT-GARDE

This form of music was considered as the vanguard of experimentation or

innovation period. The existing aesthetic and conventional type of music has been

put on to criticize, rejecting the status quo in favor of unique or original elements.

Adopting extreme composition within a certain tradition the so- called “Experimental

Music”. The new attitude will be altered toward musical movement and it varies in the

continuity where the notes being grouped into.

The proponents of the Avant-Garde Movement of Music are George Gershwin,

Leonard Bernstein, and Phillip Glass.

GEORGE GERSHWIN He was considered as a phenomenal composer, a cross-over artist, and a

father of American Jazz. Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous songs, serious

compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire, and with the mixture

of the primitive and sophisticated music which lasted long after his death. He

composed 369 musical works, including orchestral music, chamber music, musical

theater, film musicals, operas, and songs.

Among the compositions are the following:

Rhapsody in Blue (1924), and American in Paris

(1928), Porgy and Bess (1934). He was fascinated with

classical music influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg,

and Schoenberg as well as the group of contemporary

that shapes the character of his major works like half

jazz and half classical known as “Les Six”. He died last

July 11, 1937 in Hollywood, California, USA.

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LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)

This notable composer was born in Massachusetts, USA, he commended himself as a charismatic conductor, pianist, composer, and lecturer to his many followers. On November 14, 1943, he was requested to be a substitute for the ailing Bruno Walter in conducting the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in a concert. Bernstein’s compositions for the stage are the key that made people known him. Among these is the musical West Side Story (1957), an American version of Romeo and Juliet, which displays a tuneful, off-beat, and highly atonal approach to the songs. Other outputs include another Broadway hit Candide (1956) and the much-celebrated Mass (1971).

His musical compositions total around 90. He composed the music for the film On the Waterfront (1954). He was fondly remembered for his television series “Young People’s Concerts” (1958–1973) that demonstrated the sounds of the various orchestral instruments and explained basic music principles to young audiences, as well as his Harvardian Lectures. He died on October 14, 1990, in New York City, USA.

PHILLIP GLASS (1937) He is one of the Avant-Garde composers who also

explored the areas of ballet, opera, theatre, film, and even television jingles. His style of music was criticized as uneventful and shallow because of its application to new sound yet effective and compelling style.

He was born in New York, USA of Jewish parents, and learned violin and flute at the age of 15. He was inspired by a renowned Indian satirist Ravi Shankar, and assisted the recording soundtrack for Conrad Rooks film

Chappaqua. He produced and formed ensemble works such as Music in Similar Motion (1969), Music in Changing Paris (1970). He has several achievements in the light of music, are the following three operas:

Einstein on the Beach (1976)

▪ Collaborated with Robert Wilson in conceptualizing and produce four-hour opera and instantly sold –out during the play at New York Metropolitan Opera House Satyagraha (1980) and Akhnaten (1984)

▪ Based on the lives of the prominent people in the world like Mahatma Gandhi, Leo Tolstoy, Martin Luther King, and Egyptian pharaoh.

In this time, he combined the overlapping style of composition blended with a repetitive signature in the grandeur on stage. He obtained 170 compositions and now living in Nova Scotia, Canada, and New York, USA.

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5. MODERN NATIONALISM

Nationalistic composers and musical innovators were misled in the 20th

century music development combined with modern techniques with folk materials.

Prominent Russian composers like Bela Bartok and Sergei Prokofieff who were the

neoclassicist infused classical techniques crossing rhythms and shifting meters.

They made extensive use of polytonality that uses two or more tonal centers

simultaneously.

In Russia, five highly considered gifted individuals that infused chromatic

harmony, incorporated with Russian folk music, liturgical chants in their thematic

materials namely Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui,

and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov. Furthermore, Erik Satie, a French composer who gave

a colorful figure in the early 20th century, specifically avant-garde and modern

nationalism.

Activity 1.1: I FILL IN LOVE WITH MUSIC!

Directions: Fill in the table below to complete the 20th Century Composer’s Timeline.

Name of Composer Year Noted Accomplishment

Claude Debussy His creative style was characterized by

his unique approach to the various

musical elements.

1875 – 1937 The harmonic progressions and

modulations of his works are musically

satisfying, pleasantly dissonant, and

elegantly sophisticated.

Arnold Schoenberg 1874 - 1951

Igor Stravinsky His works featured shifting rhythms and

polytonality, also has a new level of

dissonance was reached a sense of

tonality was abandoned.

1881 – 1945 He utilized changing meters and strong

syncopations in his compositions and

have rich melodies and lively rhythms

Sergei Prokofieff 1891 – 1953

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A

B

A. Claude Debussy

B. Igor Stravinsky

C. Leonard Bernstein

D. Sergei Prokofieff

E. George Gershwin

F. Bela Bartok

G. Arnold Schoenberg

H. Joseph Maurice Ravel

I. Francis Poulenc

J. Philip Glass

1899 – 1963 His compositions had a cooly elegant

modernity, tempered by a classical sense

of proportion.

George Gershwin He is a cross-over artist because his

serious compositions remain highly

popular in the classical repertoire.

Leonard Bernstein 1918 – 1990

Philip Glass He explored the territories of ballet,

opera, theater, film and television jingles.

Activity 1.2: MATCH ME!

Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on

the blank provided before each number.

___ 1. Claire de Lune

___ 2. Tonight from Westside Story

___ 3. Verklarte Nacht

___ 4. AN American in Paris

___ 5. The Rite of Spring

___ 6. Allegro

___ 7. Romeo and Juliet

___8. Petrouchka

___9. La Mer

___10. Mirroirs (mirrors)

Activity 1.3: CONCEPT MAP!

Directions: Fill in the boxes below to complete the concept map. Write the musical

compositions made by the given composer.

12

1. Igor Stravinsky is a composer of Neoclassicism who is known for his unique

style.

2. The captivating sounds of the environment are revealed by Impressionistic

music.

3. One of the creative composers who used folk music in his compositions is Bela

Bartok.

4. Claude Debussy is known for his unique style as an impressionistic composer.

5. Arnold Schoenberg is one of the most favorite expressionistic composers in his

time.

6. Leonard Bernstein is one of the Avant Garde from the United States who was

renowned for his stage musical and his music lectures for young people.

7. George Gershwin is a true “crossover artist”, and he was considered as the

“Father of American jazz” in the sense that his serious compositions remain

highly popular in the classical repertoire.

Directions: Fill in the missing blanks to complete the sentence.

The music of the 20th century unlocks the difficulty and opens the doors of

making composition of several composers.

1. The music of the 20th century comprises musical movement with distinctive styles.

These are the _____________, _______________, __________, _____________,

and _______________.

2. Most of the impressionist works concentrate on nature and its

,______________,________________,________________.

3. Joseph Maurice Ravel has several works which deal with water in its flowing or

stormy ___________ as well as human______________.

4. These two major proponents of Impressionism namely_____________________

and ______________________work sound quite similar in terms of their harmonic

and textual characteristics.

5. Romeo and Juliet (ballet) and War and Peace (opera) are the works of

____________.

6. Francis Poulenc was one of the members of the Les Six group, among the others

are_______________and _____________.

13

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a

separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following music characterize its works centered on nature and its beauty, likeness and brilliance?

A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism

B. Expressionism D. Minimalism

2. Which movement of music characterizes the composer’s mind, instead of presenting an impression of the environment?

A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism B. Expressionism D. Minimalism

3. Which musical style deals with the parameters of sound in space with an absence of traditional rules on harmony, melody, and rhythm?

A. Impressionism C. Modern nationalism B. Expressionism D. Avant-grade

4. Which type of musical style that has a freer seven-note diatonic scale? A. Neoclassicism C. Avant-Garde B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism

5. Which music of the 20th century seeks to combine modern techniques

focusing on nationalist composers and innovators?

A. Neo-classicism C. Avant-Garde

B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism

6. Who was the proponent of Claire de Lune and the foremost impressionist

composer?

A. Joseph Maurice Ravel C. Claude Debussy

B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet



8. Which of the following composers created a system of pitch organization

based on the chromatic pitches called twelve tone series?

A. Arnold Schoenberg C. Claude Monet

B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy

9. Who among the proponents of the Neoclassicism is considered as a great

trendsetter of the 20th century?



10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered as one

of his earliest successful pieces?

A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11) C. Gurreleider

B. Pierrot Lunaire D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)

14

11. Who among the following composers was born to musical parents and died

on September 26, 1945, in New York City?



12. Which of the following is NOT the work of Bela Bartok?

A. Six String Quartet C. Allegro Barbaro

B. Concerto for Orchestra D. The Rite of Spring

13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos as one of the exceptional works of

Bartok?

A. 12 B.13 C.14 D.15

14. Which of the following composers combined the Neoclassicism, modern

nationalism and Avant-Garde musical style?



15. Which of the following compositions of Sergei Prokofieff is intended for

children?

A. Romeo and Juliet C. Peter and Wolf

B. War and Peac D. Song of the Bagpipe

Directions: Read the statements related to movement style in music. In the spaces

provided, write T if the statement is true, and F if the statement is false.

1. ______ Twentieth century music has adopted the sounds of the modern period

which include synthesizers, electronics and computers.

2. ______ Impressionism comprises styles and ideas, especially those that are

decidedly unconventional.

3. ______ Impressionistic style in music makes use of dissonant.

4. ______ Expressionistic music is attributed to Claude Debussy.

5. ______ Modern nationalistic music is light, entertaining and independent of its

emotional content.

15

In this lesson, you are expected to:

➢ describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century

styles.

What I Know

Directions: Look for the musical terms in the word puzzle. Encircle the terms that you

can find inside the box.

A. To further recognize the instruments in the orchestra, listen to the different

orchestral genre composed by Sergei Prokofieff entitled “Peter and the Wolf

with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfM7Y9Pcdzw.

elements of music dynamic rhythm melody texture form duration harmony tone color basic related terms

Lesson

2 Characteristic Style and

Movements of Music

E L E M E N T S O F M U S I C R R R T U N

B E N G L A G I H K M L O P B H N T G F B

W G B M U L B F J Q C G M L D Y N A M I C

C V A D H Y M F J K L O N G S T B A N D A

J C F O R M T O R N I A D O O H F G U K O

G U R L S D E T C H Y D O L E M E N C A R

I M P R E U S S I A N I S M C O R O L E S

Q W E R T R U N M R H A R M O N O I U D D

D E R A J A R E S M T M E Z Z O P I A N O

C H U R L T C A S O F R A G N M J Y U L D

A B T C D I E F G N H I J K L M O N P Q R

V E X M O O N H K Y Y U O K O N M K L Q W

D E E F I N I N G T O N E C O L O R L E S

E R T B A S I C R E L A T E D T E R M S Q

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfM7Y9Pcdzw

16

.

The composers of the 20th century were discussed and their cultural

background and individual achievement were shared. In the context of musical

elements and its characteristics on how composers compose a song, this module will

fully help understand and describe the distinctive elements given by the composer.

Let us discover the different characteristics employed, learn to appreciate and bear

out the best of the things that happen today.

The Characteristics Style of Music in the 20th Century

The musical movements from impressionism to modern nationalism contribute

various styles and distinctive compositions and arrangements behind their innovative

and experimental styles. The continuity of change in ideas, techniques, and

variations of styles from one piece of music to another had greatly influenced by the

elite composers who brought honor and fame to its nation. Diversity of musical

elements may opt to continue making great things happen in this world of music. In

order to understand the characteristics, and movements of impressionistic music, let

us listen to the work of Claude Debussy entitled “La Mer” with this link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8


17

1. RHYTHM

It is one of the elements of music that gives structure and pulse of the music. The following structures are the duration, tempo and meter.

2. DYNAMICS

Dynamics is part of the musical elements that relate to the loudness or quietness of music. Basic terms related to dynamics are crescendo, diminuendo, and accent.

3. MELODY

It is a musical element that focuses on the horizontal or linear presentation of various scales. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct.

4. HARMONY

It is the opposite of melody. It focuses on the verticalization of the pitch. It is thought to be as an art of combining pitches into chords and carefully and usually arranged into a sentence like patterns called progression. In this context, the dissonance, and consonance are the terms being described in harmony. Other terms that may relate to this are modality, tonality, and atonality of the music composition.

5. TONE COLOR

It is a musical element that produces different and unique characteristics that have obviously produced by the singer. Another term for this is timber (Tam-ber).

6. TEXTURE This musical element refers to the number of individual musical lines and the

relationship of these lines to each other. Texture can be classified into monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.

7. MUSICAL FORM

It is an order of melodic, harmonic and rhythmic events of a piece. It designates musical division brought to a repetition of melodic material and or the presentation of new yet contrasting material. Forms can be described into strophic, through-composed, binary and ternary Form.

18

Activity 1.1: MUSICAL ELEMENTS CHART

Directions: Based on the cultural content of the previous lesson of different

composers, musical elements have been discussed. Recapitulate the distinctive

elements of music used by the composer.

Put a check (/) on the elements that corresponds the description of the

musical piece being discussed. Attach is the link for listening.

Composers

Ha

rmo

n

y

Rh

yth

m

Me

lody

Tim

bre

Te

xtu

re

Fo

rm

Dyn

am

ic

Claude Debussy


Maurice Ravel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY

Arnold Schoenberg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h5Xc-rUef4

Igor Stravinsky

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvXlFKvpoOg

Sergei Prokofeiff

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coxgnE3aTs0

Bela Bartok

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRxjd2ETSo

Leonard Bernstein

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujxHq8i7fgE

Phillip Glass

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Jk6E9E1CN0

Activity 1.2: NOTEWORTHY TO REMEMBER!

Directions: Fill in the box with at least one (1) distinctive musical element and its

basic related terms used by the composer.

NAME OF COMPOSER MUSICAL

ELEMENTS BASIC RELATED TERMS

Claude Debussy Rhythm Beat, tempo, syncopation

Joseph Maurice Ravel

Arnold Schoenberg

Igor Stravinsky

Bela Bartok

Sergei Prokofieff

Francis Poulenc

George Gershwin

Leonard Bernstein

Philip Glass



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h5Xc-rUef4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvXlFKvpoOg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coxgnE3aTs0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRxjd2ETSo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujxHq8i7fgE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Jk6E9E1CN0

19

1. Maurice Ravel satisfied his works and pleasantly applying the elements of

Harmony particularly Dissonance like

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0JkINDaXCk

2. Arnold Schoenberg emphasized the Twelve Tones in a chromatic scale.

3. Igor Stravinsky displaced a kind of music that frequently changed into

Timber or Tone Color.

4. Sergei Prokofeiff technically used the dissonance harmony, and

pulsating rhythm.

5. Bela Bartok described his composition into a combination of difficult and

dissonant music.

6. Leonard Bernstein displayed an offbeat composition which made him

known for the stage play entitled American version of Romeo and Juliet.

7. Phillip Glass explored the areas of ballet, opera and theater film.

8. Modern Nationalism infused classical techniques with Rhythm and

Tempo.

9. Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev,Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui,

and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov were the Russian composers who infused

chromatic harmony incorporated with folk music.

10. Musical Elements describe the composition of the prominent composers

in the 20th century music.

Directions: Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the most

appropriate word/s or phrase/s.

1. Claude Debussy was known as “___________________________”.

2. Joseph Maurice Ravel admired the music of _________, ________

and _______________.

3. Arnold Schoenberg began to write in 1901. His contributions to

music reached up to approximately ______ compositions.

4. Igor Stravinsky was able to produce 127 works with different and distinctive

style of music like_______________and ____________.

5. Bela Bartok utilized changing ____________ and strong _____________ in

his music style.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0JkINDaXCk

20

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following musical elements is not basically used by Claude

Debussy in his musical composition? A. Harmony B. Form C. Rhythm D. Dynamic

2. Which among the musical forms one of the elements that described the composition of many composers? A. Strophic B. Binary C. Dissonance D. Ternary Form

3. Which type of texture produces one note sounding at a time? A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic D. Heterophonic

4. Which of the following best define a tempo? A. It is the speed of beat. C. It is how long a sound last. B. It is how fast a music . D. It is how the silence stops.

5. Which of the basic terms describe the word syncopation? C. On-the-beat accent C. Off-the-beat accent D. On-the-air of accent D. On-the-speeding up the tempo

6. Which of the following is NOT a basic related term of Harmony? A. Modality B. Atonality C. Tonality D. Dissonant

7. Which one of the following basic related terms of meter cannot be observed through the standard patterns used by the conductors? B. Andante B. Quadruple C. Triple D. Duple

8. Which of the following Italian term signifies a very quiet level of dynamics? A. Piano B. Fortissimo C. Pianissimo D. Mezzo-piano

9. Which of the following musical element refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of a pitch? B. Dynamics B. Melody C. Harmony D. Form

10. Which of the following does not belong to the basic terms of harmony? A. Modality B. Tonality C. Atonality D. Dissonant

11. Which type of texture has two or more independent melodies at the same time?

A. Monophonic B. Polyphonic C. Homophonic D. Heterophonic 12. Which one of the basic terms in harmony defining the modern harmony that

AVOIDS any sense of a home key center? A. Modality B. Atonality C. Tonality D. Conjunctly

13. Which of the following melodies that described as smooth, easy to sing and play?

A. Dissonance B. Disjunct C. Consonance D. Conjunct 14. Which group of melody is a basis for an extended musical work?

A. Theme B. Tone C. Pitch D. Scale 15. Which kind of musical element produces different sound qualities depending

on the characteristic of its pattern? A. Theme B, Tone/Timber C. Pitch D. Texture

21

Directions:

1. Students’ Online Activity: Listen to the select composition of the composers.

Characterize their works by simply checking the different basic terms of musical

elements that they are using.

2. Students’ Offline Activity: Refer to the textbook “HORIZONS” on Grade 10, find

the page number and study the composition. Characterize their works by simply

checking the basic terms of musical elements that they are using.

MUSICAL CHARACTERIZATION CHART

Title of the Music

Texture Rhythm Tempo Harmony

Hom

opho

nic

Poly

phon

ic

Monop

hon

ic

Duple

Tri

ple

Quadru

ple

Slo

w

Fast

Modera

te

Modalit

y

Ato

nalit

y

Ton

alit

y

Claude Debussy:

Claire de Lune (Moonlight)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXptv3RHMTs

Horizon Book page no. 6

Joseph Maurice Ravel: “Bolero”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4wb11w0ZHQ

Horizon Book page no.8

Arnold Schoenberg

“Three Piano Pieces, OP.11.No.1”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeTFxbsVGrI

Horizon Book page no.10

Ramon Santos

Daragang Magayon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5haN3qsF-V4

Jose Maceda

Udlot-Udlot

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3gvVrEG03U

Lucresia Kasilag https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i

aPlyJDdlqU











https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaPlyJDdlqU


22

This lesson will help you explain the performance practices of the 20th century music, from its setting, composition, the role of composers/performers and audiences.

In this lesson, you are expected to explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music.

Directions: Below is the arrangement of the instruments in an orchestra. Classify

the instruments according to their types as to Chordophone,

Membranophone, Aerophone, and Idiophone copy the table on your

notebook.

Chordophone Aerophone Membranophone Idiophone

23

In your previous lesson, you have learned and explored the transitory period

of music in the 20th century. To fully understand and appreciate music as a whole,

you will experience and explore the performance practices of the 20th century music

through its setting, composition, the role of composers/performers, and audiences.

Unquestionably, electronics is the major new influence on 20th-century music

performance. Even further the potential audience for concert, artists, broadcasting,

and recording were widened, and at the same time, they tended to decrease the

physical necessity for large new public performance arenas.

Musical Elements Used in Stages

A Composition is a highly disciplined art that requires mastery over often very

sophisticated materials and a creative impulse which origins and mental processes

remain a mystery. In the 20th century, there are elements of music and musical styles

observed, and these are the elements that tend to be basic but were enhanced by

the composers of different movements carried out to the height of their knowledge,

talent, and skills.

These elements are evident from the different stages of movements of music

in the 20th century.

24

Activity 1: WHAT’S IN ME!!!! Directions: Complete the table below by answering the improvised elements or

irregularities observed in each stage of musical movements.

Stages Improvised Elements of Music or

Irregularities Observed

Post- Romanticism

Electronic Music

Jazz

Serialism

Expressionism

Indeterminacy a.k.a Aleatoric Music

Impressionism

Neo-Classicism

Minimalism

Neo-Romanticism

There are stages of musical movements. These stages have distinct

characteristics and they contain the improved musical elements that were used in

the performances of the 20th century music. This became the performance practices

of all musical genres that were observed in this generation.

Composers and performers have a big role in defining these musical elements

into their compositions and performances. From basic elements, they made them

into more complex but more refining that is good to hear. These elements are

evident in the following stages of music the movement:

POST- ROMANTICISM was characterized by chromatic harmonies,

programmatic elements, expansive melodies, and lush orchestration.

ELECTRONIC MUSIC stepped in the later part of the 20th century and was

created wholly or in part through electronic means or recording devices such as tape

recorders, synthesizers, and/ or computers.

A musical style was developed initially by African Americans in Chicago and

New York by emphasizing syncopation and inflected melodies called jazz.

25

The Second Viennese School also developed serialism (sometimes used as

a synonym for dodecaphonic) which consists of any number of musical constraints

that are organized using specific order through manipulation.

INDETERMINACY, also known as Aleatoric Music is a style that evolved in

the mid-20th century which relied on randomness and chance.

Parallel harmonies and the use of a non-traditional scale were also observed

in French-style compositions in impressionism that occurs in the late 19th and early

20th century. Also, a German-style is marked by angular melodies, extreme

dissonance, irregular rhythmic groupings developed in early 20th called

expressionism.

MINIMALISM in music was characterized by the endless repetition of short

melodic patterns, complex cross-rhythms, and the tonal/ modal principles. In the late

20th century, neo-romanticism musical style was developed that returned the tonal

principles characterized by heightened emotion.

Directions: Write the improvisation used in each element of the musical style during

the 20th century.

Activity 1: My Way of Improvisation!

BASIC ELEMENTS IMPROVISATION

1. Melody Expansive Melody

2. Harmony

3. Rhythm

4. Syncopation

5. Dynamics

6. Tone color

26

Activity 2. WORD GAME: REMEMBER ME IN 3!

Directions: Unscramble the letters to form a word or words related to the music performance

of the 20th century. Write the word/ words on the space provided.

1. RELACITOA

2. SOMPISMESRIIN

3. CRELONRITE

4. STOPMICRANTOMIS

5. ZAJZ

6. SALMIINIMM

7. ONECRITMOSANMI

8. MILISEARS

9. OPEMXRISNSESI

10. ENOLIIMSAMSCC

A. Describe each term above (using 3 keywords), in the same order, on the space

provided below.

1. _________________,__________________,___________________

2. _______________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________

6. _______________________________________________________

7. _______________________________________________________

8. _______________________________________________________

9. _______________________________________________________

10. _______________________________________________________

27

Directions: Below is the basic arrangement of musical instruments in an

orchestra. With this as a guide, create your own arrangement by illustrating the

musical instruments. Draw your arrangement on a clean sheet of paper.

Note: Use another sheet for your illustration.

Activity 1

Directions: Answer and explain the following:

1. Based on the guide shown above, how does the conductor arrange the musical instruments in an orchestra? (5pts) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

28

2. Do you think all the instruments in an orchestra drawn above are essential for a successful performance practice of music in the 20th century? Why or why not? (5pts) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

3. On the illustration you’ve drawn on the previous activity, how did you come up with the arrangement of the musical instruments in an orchestra? Are you familiar with all the instruments necessary for an orchestra? (5pts) _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

Activity 2

Directions: Listen perceptively to the evolution of electronic music that evolved from

the 20th century up to the present. Please watch the link on YouTube and

answer the questions that follow.

https://youtu.be/uKRA68POo

1. What are the developments you can hear on electronic compositions through time? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

2. What are the unique characteristics of electronic music which are not present in Original Pilipino Music (OPM)? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

3. Give at least five (5) different moods that you have felt while listening to the electronic music.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

29

This lesson will help you explain the performance practices of the 20th

century music, from its setting, composition, role of composers/performers and

audiences. You will also be learning about the different musical form that is currently

used in music today.

In this lesson, you are expected to explain the performance practice

(setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music.

IDENTIFICATION

Directions: Give what is asked. Write your answers on your activity notebook.

1. The direct opposite of strophic form is ____________________.

2. The basic elements of form are repetition, variation, and____________.

3. When a melodic idea is used as a building block in the construction of a larger

work, the phenomenon is called_____________.

4. A short, repeated musical pattern used as a structural device is known as

a/an _____________.

5. The musical structure of ABCBA is __________________.

6. Music that is made up spontaneously in performance is called

____________________.

7. One of the basic structures in music is __________, which begins with a

statement and ends with a departure, without a return to the opening section.

8. Which form features a statement of an idea, a contrasting idea, and then the

return of the first idea (A-B-A)? __________________.

9. In through-composed songs, music from previous stanzas is________.

30

10. Which of the following is the most common form in vocal music? _____.

11. A large-scale work, like a symphony, is often broken up into smaller sections

called ___________.

12. The structure of through-composed songs is ___________________.

13. The structure of ternary musical form is ________________________.

14. The musical form that has a structure of ABACA is________________.

15. The musical form that has a structure of AB is __________________.

In your previous grade lessons, you have learned about the different music

from the Baroque Period, Medieval Period, Romantic Period, Classical Period, and

20th Century. These periods taught us how music was and today.

Meanwhile, in the previous lesson, you have learned about the stages of

movements of music from Post-Romanticism to Neo-Romanticism and the

improvisations of the basic elements in each stage. To fully understand and

appreciate music as a whole, this lesson will let you experience and explore the

Musical forms used by all musicians to create music and how do the performers

perform the created piece.

As a musician, it is important to understand the musical form of a piece. Whether you’re a pianist or just curious about music, understanding the musical form helps in the understanding of the structure of a piece. It also speeds up the learning process.

These are the most common musical forms:

• Strophic (AAA)

• Through-Composed (ABCDE.)

• Binary (AB)

• Ternary (ABA)

• Rondo (ABACA) or (ABACABA)

• Arch (ABCBA)

• Sonata (Exposition, Development, Recapitulation)

• Theme And Variations

It’s important to understand how musical form works because it’s the basic structure of an entire work.

31

MUSICAL FORMS

STROPHIC FORM The strophic form is one of the most common musical forms. It’s also called a song form or verse form. Because of its repetitiveness typically featuring an AAA structure. It is the most basic of all the forms in music. An example of the strophic form in a folk song would be “Leron Leron Sinta”. A church hymn such as “Amazing Grace” or even a simple nursery tune like “Mary Had A Little Lamb”.

THROUGH-COMPOSED FORM

A composition that is entirely continuous is called “Through-composed form”. It is any large-scale thematic material that is not repeated, and each section sounds like something completely different. Typically, it is featuring the ABCD structure.

It’s non-sectional and everything operates independently of one another. This is a lot different compared to strophic form because nothing is repeated. In song form, through-composed music gives each verse its own unique melody.

In general, through-composed music is really interesting to listen to. None of the music is repeated, so you will only hear something happen once. Most through-composed pieces are quite short, although it is common to hear it being used in some opera works. An example of through-composed music in popular music would be the Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen.

BINARY FORM

The binary form is music with an A and B section. While the material is different in each section, it is closely related. Recognizing a piece of music in binary form requires you to identify where the contrasting material is. Things to look for include changes in rhythm, key signatures, cadences, and other harmonic adjustments. There are two different versions of binary form. This includes:

• Simple Binary

• Rounded Binary

In simple binary form, the A material is followed by B material that has moved to the subdominant. So, for example, a piece that starts in C major will conclude in G major.

32

In rounded binary form, the rules mostly remain the same. The difference is that there is more material added to the B section. This material is pulled from part of the A section. Unlike a ternary form, it’s not a completely new section.

TERNARY FORM

The ternary form is defined as ABA structure which means the piece starts with the main theme, goes to contrasting material, and then returns with that exact main theme material to end it.

It looks a lot like rounded binary form, however, the key difference is that the last section operates independently of the B section. Rather than having partial A material, the last section is an entire recapitulation of the main theme. Sometimes the recapitulation can be slightly varied either through rhythm or tempo.

The three sections of ternary form sound appear and sound like complete compositions in themselves. Each of those sections concludes on a perfect authentic cadence, which provides the most closure.

The mood is also an important characteristic of a ternary form. The first section might be quick and lively while the B section is quiet and less intense. Composers who use this form put a great deal of effort ensuring that the B section has a well-defined character that allows each section to sound like their own separate compositions.

Piano sonatas widely use different types of ternary form, especially works by Haydn, Handel, Beethoven, and Scarlatti. It can also be traced back as far as Middle Age music such as the ancient Gregorian chants.

RONDO FORM The rondo form is an ABACA or ABACABA structure. The most common forms are the 5-part and 7-part Rondo. What you will notice about rondo form is that each section returns to the A section. However, as the sections progress, new material is added in between each A section. It can also be viewed as an extension of either ternary form or binary form. The additional sections help define it from other forms, especially through-composed which only introduced new material. Sometimes, rondo form can be much broader and be ABACABA or the first B section of a piece in rondo form is usually in the dominant or relative major key. The second B section can trail off to whatever key it needs to. It’s easy to tell if a piece is in Rondo form if you continue to hear material from the A section returning. Examples of pieces that use rondo form include:

• Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony

• Mozart’s Eine Kleine Natch Musik

• Bach’s E major Violin Concerto

• Beethoven’s Piano Sonata Op. 13 (final movement)

33

ARCH FORM

The arch form is an ABCBA structure. It is called “Arch” because the structure of the music moves in this form. There is always a new material in each of the first three sections. Once it reaches the C section, the music simply moves in reverse order. It goes back through the B material and concluding with the main A theme.

While those sections playback in the reverse order, they can be varied. They can have changes to rhythm and style as long as the thematic material is the same.

This musical form is entirely symmetric. While arch form is not as common as ternary or binary, there are some popular instances of this happening in music.

The famous composer who was noted to use “rondo” is Bela Bartok. He used it widely in his string quartet music, most notably the fourth and fifth. It is also present in his second piano concerto. Samuel Barber also used arch form in his Adagio for strings. Arch form is essentially a rondo form, but symmetrical.

SONATA FORM The sonata form is a musical composition that is organized in three distinct

sections. It consists of exposition, development, and recapitulation.

In the exposition, we are presented with two subjects, basically binary form. The first subject is in the tonic key while the second moves to the sub dominant. If it is a minor key sonata, then it will work from within the minor key moving to the relative major.

Usually, the development section is thicker in musical texture and full in unstable harmonic structure. Instead of just settling in one key, this section will sometimes travel through multiple modulations. The development section features a completely new theme.

The recapitulation is a clear restatement of the exposition and rolls in effortlessly out of the development section. It is often varied. Usually, it returns with a different dynamic than it is the first appearance in the exposition. This helps set a new mood.

THEME AND VARIATIONS

The main theme is developed throughout subsequent sections in this musical form. In the first section, the main theme is first introduced. After that section comes to a close, and the first variation is introduced.

This variation along with the rest will follow the same harmonic progressions. In each new variation, there can be changes to the rhythm, articulations, and style of the piece. In some instances, the key signature can also change, however, it will still follow the relative harmonic structure in the new key.

Countermelodies are also quite common and continue to add on and change in each variation. There are also changes to the meter, dynamics, mood, and even the instrumentation. Other piano compositions such as Brahms Variations on a Theme by Robert Schumann, Beethoven’s 32 variations in C minor and the Twinkle Twinkle Little Star variations by Mozart are also great examples.

34

Activity 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read the sentence. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Which of the following denotes the number of the main sections in a binary form?

A. One B. Three C. Two D. Seventeen

2. Which of the following terms describe a binary form showing a clear cadence in

the tonic and melodic key?

A. Rounded Sectional C. Rounded Continuous

B. Simple Section D. Simple Continuous

3. Which of these types of pieces constitutes a ternary form?

A. Both of these C. Da Capo Aria

B. Minuet and Trio D. Neither of these

4. Which of the following is the special section included to bring the music back to

the original material?

A. Retransition B. Transition C. Transitory D. Retaliation

5. Which of the following sections is not commonly held to be a key component of a

movement in a sonata form?

A. Exposition B. coda C. recapitulation D. development

6. Which movement in symphony would most likely be written in a sonata form?

A. The second B. The first C. The fourth D. The third

7. Which of the following composers composed a famous set of 32 variations in C

minor for piano based upon a theme?

A. Bach B. Beethoven C. Vivaldi D. Purcell

8. In which of the following ways would a five-part rondo be realized?

A. ABACA B. ABCDA C. ABABA D. ABCBA

9. The seven-part rondo is often molded into what is called sonata rondo. Which of

the following conditions generally hold(s) true for sonata rondos?

A. The C episode is highly developmental in nature

B. The second B section returns in the tonic key

C. Both of these

D. Neither of these

10. Which of the following artist usually using a through-composed form?

A. Queen B. Platters C. Carpenters D. Chicago

35

ABA form Chorus Form Verse and Chorus

Verse Part B ABACA Part A AA ABA

The purpose of form in music is to create a sense of unity among the

elements of a song and make it memorable to the listeners. It is highly common in

songs that need to be sung, marched, waltzed/danced and symphonic works.

However, it is also used to convey a certain idea or emotion such as a movie

score or a symphonic poem.

The form can be loose or very structured and it really helps to unify a piece

and create a sense of the piece being the same, unlike a through-composed piece

which might start at point A and go to point B and never return to point A because it

tells a story for instance (although that is technically an example of form too).

The form can be as rigid as Rondo (ABACA) or Sonata (Exposition -

Development - Recapitulation) or it can be as fluid as a rhapsody which starts at

point A, moves to point B then C then back to A to finish.

The form can be minimalism and the phasing of different parts like in Steve

Reich's, Clapping Music or it can be based on the 12-tone system where you cannot

repeat a note until all notes in the form are played.

Directions: Answer the following questions. Choose your answers on the box

below and write it on the space provided.

1. What is another name for "part B"? ___________

2. Which musical form consists of a verse, chorus, and a verse? _______

3. What is another name for a verse? ___________

4. Which form starts with the verse, goes to the chorus, and comes back to the

verse? ___________

5. Which of these is a rondo form? ___________

6. What is the term for organizing music into sections? __________

7. Which song has two sections which are the same? _____________

8. What is another name for the A and B sections of a song? __________

9. What is the A section of a piece of music called? _________________

10. What is another name for chorus? ________________

36

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read and understancd. Write answer on your activity notebook.

1. Which of the following is the second section of the sonata form?

A. Development C. Recapitulation

B. Exposition D. Coda

2. Which is the only form to originate during the classical era?

A. Sonata form C. Rondo form

B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form

3. Which of the following describes this form?

121 343 121 coda

A. Ternary B. Binary C. Minuet and trio D. Arch

4. Which of the following form is in a constant triple meter?

A. Rondo form C. Sonata form


5. Which of the following is the third section of the sonata form?



6. Which of the following describes this form?

A A1 A2 A3 A4

A. Ternary B. Binary C. Theme and Variations D. Arch form

7. Which of the following form has this description?

“A simple theme is continually altered”

A. Rondo form C. Sonata form


8. Which of the following is the first section of the sonata form?



9. Which of the following is a second minuet paired with a first?

a. Quartet B. Duet C. Minuet D. Trio

10. Which of the following form denotes this description?

A B A C A D A

A. Ternary B. Rondo C. Binary D. Arch

11. Which of the following is the optional last section of the sonata form?

A. Development B. Exposition C. Recapitulation D. Coda

12. Which of the following is the standard first movement form in the

classical era instrumental compositions?

A. Sonata form C. Rondo form


37

13. Which of the following is the optional first section of the sonata form?

A. Development B. Exposition C. Coda D. Introduction

14. Which form is one of the oldest in music?

A. Rondo B. Sonata C. Binary D. Ternary

15. Which of the following form is this?

Exposition – Development – Recapitulation

A. Rondo B. Sonata C. Binary D. Ternary

SONG LABELLING

1. Write the full lyrics of the song you like.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. Label the song as to what Musical Structure/Form it used.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

3. Label each part as Part A, B, C, or D depending on what structure of song

does it fall.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

38

In this lesson, you are expected to relate 20th century music to other art forms and media during the same period.

IDENTIFICATION

Directions: Identify the characteristics of the following concepts/statements and

proponents by answering Impressionism or Expressionism. Write IMP if

it is impressionism and EXP for expressionism.

1. Excessive use of timbres( tone color or tone quality) _______

2. Arnold Schoenberg _______

3. It evokes moods and ideas for which the artist seeks to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality.

_______

4. It creates an emotional mood rather than a specific picture. _______

5. Pierrot Lunaire _______

6. Claude Debussy _______

7. A style of music that makes use of sound to let the listener feel the moods that focus on the structure of music

_______

8. Twelve- tone system _______

9. It conveys true emotion in exaggeration through the application of atonality and dissonance

_______

10. Joseph Maurice Ravel _______

39

In your previous lessons, you learned about the different musical styles, music

performance practices, and explore arts and media in the music of the 20th century.

Modern technological advances (especially mass media) have caused rapid changes

in musical style, and expanded our knowledge of music from other cultures, further

accelerating changes in musical taste while providing a wider range of music to

listeners, composers, and performers.

The early part of the 20th century brought together an extraordinary group of

talented artists, writers and musicians, whose impact would continue to be felt

throughout the century as well as into our time.

Just like colors, sounds also evoke emotions, fleeting feelings, or illustrate an

atmosphere. They can also relate and tell stories behind the music. In their

respective fields, Paul Cézanne and Claude Debussy influenced the artists of the

early 20th century, which found their contributions in intellectual circles formed

around writers and poets.

In this lesson, you will try to relate the music and arts of the 20th century and

see how these two aspects are connected through movement styles.

40

MUSIC AND ARTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

IMPRESSIONISM

The first modern style to emerge was impressionism developed by French

composer Claude Debussy as a rejection of excessive Wagnerian German

Romanticism in the late 1890s. Modeled after the impressionistic art movement,

musical impressionism is based on understatement, blurred effects, and the creative

use of color.

Impressionism is an artistic movement that has brought about a change in the

creation and perception of art and music. Impressionist art focuses on the use of

light and color to create different visual impressions on their paintings.

Impressionist music is greatly influenced by impressionist paintings where the

real picture of the subject matter is not given much emphasis. Impressionism gives

artists the freedom to fully expose their creativity.

EXPRESSIONISM

Austrian- German composes developed expressionism around the turn of the

1900s, as a blatant expansion of Wagnerian Romanticism. Expressionism is

particularly associated with three composers working in Vienna in the early 20th

century: Arnold Schoenberg and his two students, Anton Von Webern and Alban

Berg. These three are collectively known as the 2nd Viennese School of composers.

The music of the 2nd Viennese School was designed to shock listeners, with

dissonant, intensely colorful, often horrific music based on graphically morbid text or

ideas.

The term expressionism was originally borrowed from visual art and literature.

Artists created vivid pictures, distorting colors, and shapes to make unrealistic

images that suggested strong emotions.

Expressionist composers poured intense emotional expression into their

music and explored the subconscious mind. Expressionist music often features a

high level of dissonance, extreme contrasts of dynamics, constantly changing

textures, distorted melodies and harmonies, angular melodies with wide leaps and

extremes of pitch.

41

Activity 1. Musical and Art Interpretation

Directions: Below are examples of the impressionist works in the 20th century. Study

the painting carefully while listening to the composition and answer the questions

that follow.

Sunrise by Claude Monet

Engulfed Cathedral by Claude Debussy

(or listen at https://youtu.be/JAVyKDDsM3s)

https://youtu.be/JAVyKDDsM3s

42

By looking at the painting and listening to the music, what is your impression/

insights about 20th century art and music? Write at least 5 adjectives that explain

how you feel while listening and looking at the picture of Monet and Debussy. (5pts)

1. What do you think both artists trying to convey on their painting and music?

C. Monet: Sunrise (3pts) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ C. Debussy: Engulfed Cathedral (3pts) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 1.2: Concept Map

Direction: Using this concept map, write all the things that you know about

impressionism and expressionism. (15pts)

IMPRESSIONISM

Music and Impressionism

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

Art and Impressionism

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

43

Activity 1.3: Look at Me!

Directions: Below is an Impressionistic masterpiece made by our own Filipino artist

Juan Luna. Study the painting carefully and follow the instruction given below.

➢ With the masterpiece as a guide, you are going to create a story/ poem based

on your interpretation of the painting.(15pts)

EXPRESSIONISM

Art and Expressionism

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

Music and Expressionism

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

Mi Hijo Andres, 1889

44

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Directions: Fill in the missing words in the paragraph below.

1. It was usually characterized by the use of dissonance, extreme contrast of dynamics,

and distorted melodies. 1) ______________.

2. The three musicians of the Second Viennese School in 20th

century are_____________, ______________and ____________.

3. _______________ devised a system of pitch organization based on the

chromatic pitches that he called a twelve- tone series.

4. A style of music that conveys true emotions in exaggeration through the

application of atonality and dissonance is called ____________.5.

5. Modeled after the ____________ art movement, this musical style is based on

understatement, blurred effects, and the creative use of color.

6. The proponent that frequently use of parallel chords was _______________.

7. A musical style that signifies the artist character and inner insight enforced on

the graphical reality of the objects represented is called _______________.

8. __________________ is a modern style of art and music that was developed as

a rejection of excessive Wagnerian German Romanticism.

9. This music is greatly influenced by impressionist paintings where the real picture

of the subject matter is not given much emphasis is called _______________.

10. A style in music and art that suggested strong emotions is called

________________.

MY BEAUTIFUL PLACE!

Directions: Take a picture of your favorite scene, capture an area in your

community that depicts in the movement style. Send it or post it on your Facebook

account. Answer the questions provided on your activity notebook.

Think of a song you knew that represents the picture above. Write your lyrics

of the song. (5pts) ______________ (Title)

45

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the

correct answer.

1. Which style in music and art suggested strong emotions?

B. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism

C. Expressionism D. Minimalism

2. Which style of music is characterized by the composer’ mind, instead of

presenting an impression of the environment?

A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism

B. Expressionism D. Minimalism

3. Who among the following musicians comprise the Second Viennese School?

A. Haydn, Beethoven, Bach C. Bach, Beethoven, Brahms

B. Anton, Von, Arnold D. Arnold, Anton, Alban

4. Who was the composer that wrote an impressionistic composition entitled

Bolero?

A. Anton Von Webern C. Claude Debussy

B. Maurice Ravel D. Alban Berg

5. Which modern style of art and music was developed as a rejection of excessive

Wagnerian German Romanticism?

A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism

B. Primitivism D. Expressionism

6. Who was the foremost impressionist composer?

A. Joseph Maurice Ravel Claude Debussy

B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet

7. Which style of music conveys true emotions in exaggeration through the

application of atonality and dissonance?



8. Who was the composer that devised a system of pitch organization based on the

chromatic pitches which he called “a twelve tone series”?

A. Arnold Schoenberg Claude Monet

B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy

9. Who was the proponent of expressionism known for his radical sound of music?



46

10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered one of his

earliest successful pieces?

A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11)

B. Pierrot Lunaire

C. Gurreleider

D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)

11. Which movement style in music does dissonance, extreme contrast of dynamics

and distorted melodies commonly use?

A. Primitivism C. Minimalism

B. Expressionism D. Impressionism

12. What is the term used for the artist that collectively worked on the expressionism

of music in the 20th century?

A. Second Viennese School C. Masters of Music

B. The Conductors D. The Expressionist

13. Which of the following styles signifies the artist’s character and inner insight

enforced on the graphical reality of the objects represented?



14. Which of the following proponent frequently use parallel chords?

A. Claude Debussy C. Igor Stravinsky

B. Bela Bartok D. Arnold Schoenberg

15. Which of the following musical style is based on understatement, blurred effects,

and the creative use of color modelled after an art movement?



IDENTIFICATION

Directions: Identify the song whether it’s IMPRESSIONISM or EXPRESSIONISM

MUSIC

“ Sa Ugoy ng Duyan” by Lucio San Pedro A.

“ Mutya ng Pasig” by Nicanor Abelardo B.

Matindal” by A. Molina C.

“ Hatinggabi” by Antonio Molina D.

Malikmata” by Antonio Molina E.

47

Directions: Identify the paintings whether it’s IMPRESSIONISM or

EXPRESSIONISM

48

In this lesson, you will experience and explore music as well as to appreciate the

essence of knowing the arts and media, portrayed in the 20th century.

In this lesson, you are expected to relate 20th century music to other art forms and

media during the same time period.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the best

answer.

1. Which of the following music best describe the kind of compositions by

formal song divisions such as recitatives or arias?

A. Choral music C. Piano music

B. Dramatic music D. Instrumental music

2. Which element of music will give you the pattern of regular or irregular

pulses caused by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic

beats?


3. Which of the following element in music shows the difference in the

strength, tone, or pitch of one’s voice?

A. Harmony B. Variation C. Modulation D. Recapetulation

4. Which is the five – movement work composed by Bela Bartok that features

the exceptional talents of its various soloists in an intricately constructed

piece?

A. Six string quartets C. Mikrokosmos

B. The rake’s progress D. Concerto for orchestra

49

5. Which musical style denotes simplicity and expresses the philosophy of

life through art and literature?

A. Neo- classicism C. Primitivism

B. Avant-garde D. Modern nationalism

6. Which of the following musical style of Gershwin refers to the activity

where the songs of the characters are interwoven into narrative

accompanied by dancing?

A. Film musicals C. Musical theater

B. Orchestral music D. Chamber music

7. Who among the composers believe that the universal language of music is

basically rooted in tonality?

A. George Gershwin C. Louis Durey

B. Arthur Honegger D. Leonard Bertstein

8. Which of the following terms in harmony uses two diferrent keys at the

same time?

A. Polytonality C. Monotonality

B. Bitonality D. Hexagonality

9. Which musical style is designed to create subtle moods and impressions

usually appearances of objects in order to simulate actual reflected light?



10. Which theory or practice in art seeks to depict the particular emotions and

responses that objects and events arouse in the artist?



11. Who among the composer combines signature repetitive and overlapping

style with theatrical grandeur on stage?

A. Phillip Glass C. Leonard Bernstein

B. George Gershwin D. Georges Auric

12. Which element in composition did composers sought to return to aesthetic

precepts associated with the broadly defined concept?



13. Which of the following is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to

make new things or think of new ideas?

A. Creative C. Advance

B. Possessive D. Timid

14. Which of the following terms should you use for performance that is

invented by the performers in making something that you have not

planned?


15. Which type of musical composition is a product of imagination and

discovery originated after study and experiment?

A. Invention B. Innovation C. Creation D. Discovery

50

The musical styles created by the 20th century classical composers were

truly unique and innovative. They experimented with the elements of rhythm, melody,

harmony, tempo, and timbre in daring ways never attempted before. Twentieth –

century music has adopted the sounds of the modern period. Their skills in making

innovation were clearly noticed and their style is really impressive.

Directions: Classify the following names/terms as to which group they belong and

write your answer in the corresponding category.

BREATHY, LEONARD BERNSTEIN , SERGEI PROKOFIEFF , SMOOTH

CLAUDE DEBUSSY , MAURICE RAVEL , HUSKY BELA BARTOK ,

GEORGE GERSHWIN , PHILIP GLASS , ROUGH , IGOR STRAVINSKY ,

ARNOLD SCHOENBERG

Impressionism Primitivism Neo

Classicism

Avant-

garde

Expressionism Timbre

The music in the 20th century is more interesting and compelling if you listen

to how the technique and the execution are being done by different composers of the

time. The perfectionist attitude done by the composer in the musical craftsmanship

developed a more distinct style that brings each form more vibrant music. However

in the era of technology, we are using different arts and media forms. Identify the

following gadgets that help in creating and making compositions.

51

The usefulness of the technological devices in composing songs are the following:

1. KARAOKE PLAYER – It is used as a source of entertainment for the people who wants to sing a song. It is also a tool to be used to improve their voices. Some people use this machine as the resource for team building exercises. Sometimes, the teachers use this as an educational tool.

2. CASSETTE TAPE RECORDER – For the time being and because of the progress in the technology, this machine has a great part in the development of one’s talent and skills in singing and composition.

3. DESKTOP – This system is commonly used to organize and introduce a

greater way of storing data and developing your skill in editing. By this material, you can enhance an image and voice in terms of editing. It gives you ample time to create a new one.

4. CELLPHONE – this is a portable telephone that you can carry anywhere you

want to go and it is easy for you to use at your convenience. This device can also be used as a recording tool or for capturing videos of your performances. Editing can also be done through mobile phones as it has the capacity to make some of the applications in editing.

5. AVANT-GARDE closely associated with electronic music in the sense that the

movement dealt with the restrictions or the scopes of sound in space. Its style

exhibited a new attitude toward musical mobility, whereby the order of note

groups could be varied so that musical continuity could be altered.

Improvisation is necessary for this style, the unconventional methods of sound

and form, as well as the absence of traditional rules governing harmony,

melody, and rhythm, make the whole concept. The link is given for you to

listen and hear how the music being perform.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTUXhLeLojA

6. IMPRESSIONISM is having this notion that they need to create new forms

with emotional mood rather than specific picture, it is an attempt also to

suggest reality. The sentemental melodies, and , dramatic emotions that

captivate the attention of the listeners clearly recognize and enjoy.

7. EXPRESSIONISM music goes hand in hand with painting in that, both tend to

ignore or cover up rational structure relationships. Musical scores filled with

strange colors, distorted lines of sound, overlaid rhythms, and bursts of

unmusicality. Using polyrhythms, polytonal harmony, and original instrumental

combinations, it seemed rebelliously unconcerned to tradition and legacy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTUXhLeLojA

52

8. NEOCLASSICISM during the last part of the 19th century, the forms, genres,

and styles of music of the 18th and 19th centuries were combined and given a

new explanation. Some of the improvements which took place were the

change of melody, abandonment of subjectivity, the conquest of serenity, and

collection of triads and diatonic, which became the favorite. The kind of music

during this period is light, entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional

content. It recognizes the fusion of the traditional way of modern music.

Directions: Complete the table with the name of a composer and it’s examples of musical works.

Activity 1.2: Fill in the blank:

Directions: Supply the missing word to complete the sentence.

1. The use of two diferrent keys at the same time is called ___________________ .

2. _________________ is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to make

new things or think of new ideas.

3. The theory or practice in art of seeking to depict the particular emotions and

responses is called __________________ that objects and events arouse in the

artist.

4. Prokofieff was highly successful in his ________ music, as evidenced by the

wide acceptance of his concerti and sonatas.

5. Arnold Schoenberg was credited with the development of the _______________

6. A style of musical composition designed to create subtle moods and impressions

describing the usual appearances of objects by means of dabs or strokes of

primary unmixed colors in order to simulate actual reflected light is

called.______________________

53

Activity: Free style!

Directions: Read the instructions given below for your guide.

a. Make a jingle using the names of the 20th century composers or select a style of the composer that you like to imitate.

b. Creating a music video c. Rubrics will be given as your guide to make a video or live performance.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Choose the best answer of your choice. Write the letter of your choice in

a separate paper.

1. Which of the following music that best describe the kind of compositions by

formal song divisions such as recitatives or arias?

A. Choral music B. Dramatic music C. Piano music D. Instrumental music

2. Which element of music will give you the pattern of regular or irregular pulses

caused by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats?


3. Which of the following variation refers to the strength, tone, or pitch of one’s

voice?

A. Harmony B. Variation C. Modulatio D. Recapetulation

4. Which is the five – movement work composed by Bela Bartok that features the

exceptional talents of its various soloists in an intricately constructed piece?

A. Six string quartets C. Mikrokosmos

B. The rake’s progress D. Concerto for orchestra

5. Which musical style denotes simplicity and expresses the philosophy of life

through art and literature?

A. Neo- classicism C. Primitivism

B. Avant-garde D. Modern nationalism

6. Which of the following terms in harmony that uses of two diferrent keys at the

same time?

A. Polytonality B. Bitonality C. Monotonality D. Hexagonality

7. Which musical style is designed to create subtle moods and impressions usually

appearances of objects in order to simulate actual reflected light?



54

8. Which theory or practice in art seeks to depict the particular emotions and

responses that objects and events arouse in the artist?

C. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism

D. Expressionism D. Neo-classical

9. Who among the composer combines signature repetitive and overlapping style

with theatrical grandeur on stage?

C. Phillip Glass C. Leonard Bernstein

D. George Gershwin D. Georges Auric

10. Which of the following movement style in composition is referred to when

composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly

defined concept?

A. Avant-garde B. Expressionism C. Neo-classicism D. Impressionism

11. Which of the following is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to make

new things or think of new ideas?


12. Which of the following terms should you use for performance that is invented by

the performers in making something that you have not planned?


13. Which type of musical composition is a product of imagination and discovery

originated after study and experiment?

A. Invention B. Innovation C. Creation D. Discovery

14. Which of the following musical style of Gershwin where songs by the characters

are interwoven into narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing?

A. Film musicals C. Musical theater

B. Orchestral music D. Chamber music

15. Who among the composers believe that the universal language of music is

basically rooted in tonality?

A. George Gershwin C. Louis Durey

B. Arthur Honegger D. Leonard Bernstein

Activity : Performance activity: Composing a Spoken Poetry

Directions: In the Avant-Garde Music, you will make a Spoken Poetry about the

current issue on COVID 19. Record it on your smartphone and or any

electronic device for your presentation in the next lesson.

55

In this lesson, you are expected to perform music sample from the 20th century.

Activity 1.1

Directions: The following are the musical plays of the 20th century. Group them

according to its composer. Write your answer on the space provided.

DEBUSSY SCHOENBERG STRAVINSKY RAVEL

__________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ___________

__________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ___________

__________ ____________ ___________ __________ ___________

__________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ___________

The Rake’s Progress Ariettes Oubliess Miroirs

String Quartet Claire De Lune Bolero

Pelleas Et Melisande Jexu D Eau Gurreleider

Sonatine for Piano La Valse La Mer

Pavane for A Dead Princess The Rite of Spring

Three Pieces for Piano Pierrot Lunaire

Petrouchka Verklarte Natch

The Firebird Suite Two Piano Concerti

56

Activity 1.2: YOU ARE A STAR IN THE MUSIC!!!

Directions: Write all the elements of music inside the star box.

Music of the 20th century has been discussed and deliberated. The

composers shared their cultural background and individual achievement during this

period. The musical elements and their characteristics have been explored. The

elements of performance have been explained. This module will let you fully

understand and describe how the composers influence the people in the light of

music. In this part let us evaluate, assess the music, and learn to appreciate how the

art of music bears the mind of the young in today’s generation.

Music and the Music Performance:

The innovations and experimental development of music today rise above

excellence in its technological way. The trends of the young generation may opt to

supplement with a technical and stylistic choice that the composers may tend to do

so. In this world of technology with so much experimentation and have great

possibilities that gadgets will give an impact to create music. With these distinctive

elements and style of music movement, the 20th century gave rise to its new musical

style using gadgets and other means of a multimedia approach.

In this regard, musical performances will be also introduced to entertain the

individual with full of enthusiasm and fulfilment of this topic. In this era of multimedia,

students are much eager to learn and explore the different musical compositions that

influenced this generation.

57

Elements of Music

1. RHYTHM

It is one of the elements of music that gives structure and pulse of the

music. The following structures are the duration, tempo and meter.

2. DYNAMICS

Dynamics is part of the musical elements that relate to the loudness or

quietness of music. Basic terms related to dynamics are crescendo,

diminuendo, and accent.

3. MELODY

It is a musical element that focuses on the horizontal or linear presentation

of various scales. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct.

4. HARMONY

It is the opposite of melody. It focuses on the verticalization of the pitch. It

is thought to be as an art of combining pitches into chords and carefully and

usually arranged into sentence like patterns called progression. In this

context, the dissonance and consonance are the terms being described in

harmony. Other terms that may relate to this are modality, tonality, and

atonality of the music composition.

5. TONE COLOR

It is a musical element that produces different and unique characteristics

that have obviously produced by the singer. Another term for this is timber

(Tam-ber).

6. TEXTURE

This musical element refers to the number of individual musical lines and

the relationship of these lines to each other. Texture can be classified into

monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.

7. MUSICAL FORM

It is an order of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic events of a piece. It

designates musical division brought to a repetition of melodic material and or

the presentation of new yet contrasting material. Forms can be described into

strophic, through-composed, binary and ternary form.

58

Directions: After listening or watching the selected musical composition, let us know what elements of the music being employed. Just simply check the box on the right side. Attached is the link to the composition.

Activity 1.1: LET MAY PLAY THE MUSIC

.

Composition Harm

ony

Rhyth

m

Tone

Colo

r

Textu

re

Dynam

ic

s

La Mer (1905)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUFpcPEcwTo

Miroirs (Mirrors) (1905)


Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1989) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s

The Firebird Suite (1910)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOEatu5aH8

Activity 1.2: IT’S A NAME GAME! Directions: Name the significant composers that served them as their admiration and

inspiration to continue making a composition in the history of music. You

may visit the module 1 lesson 1 to look for the significant person that

influenced the 20th century composers.

Bela Bartok Sergei Prokofieff Maurice Ravel

Ex. 1. Franz Liszt 1._______________ 1._____________

2.______________ 2._______________ 2._____________

3.______________ 3._______________ 3._____________

4._____________ 4._______________ 4._____________



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s


59

Elements of music are essential parts of making compositions that

distinctively matter on harmony, rhythm, texture, dynamics, tone color, melody, and

form. In the context of musical style, innovativeness and experimentation developed

the music of today’s generation. Modern technology and gadgets have the power

and impact in making the music blended with technological devices that vary on its

expertise and style.

I have learned that with different perspectives in life and attitude, music

requires us on how they are going to interpret the piece. Because at the end of the

day, music is the mirror of our soul which we can meditate, contemplate and make

sense of life colorful and wonderful.

The music of the 20th century portrays the non-fiction of the people either love

story or otherwise. In this way, the creativity of the youth creating salient features in

the musical film using multimedia art form had been developed.

1. The kind of elements that gives structure and pulse of the music is called

rhythm

2. Crescendo, diminuendo, and accent are the basic related terms of

Dynamics.

3. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct.

4. The dissonance and consonance are the terms being described in

harmony.

5. Tone color is another term for timber

6. Texture can be classified into monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.

7. Musical forms can be described into strophic, through-composed, binary

and ternary Form.

8. The elements of performance are the following: setting, musical,

compositions, role of composer and lyricist, role of performers

(actor/actress), role of audience, sound and musical direction,

script/screenplay, props, costumes, and lighting.

60

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a

separate sheet of paper.

1. Which particular type of instruments being use can either be strucked with a

stick or against one another?

B. Membranophone C. Idiophone

C. Chordophone D. Aerophone

2. Which musical instrument that made from a single wooden log, ceramics, tin

can, or gourd?

A. Membranophone C. Idiophone

B. Chordophone D. Aerophone

3. Which musical instruments used by the Sonata Chorister produce vibrations

of strings?

A. Membranophone C. Idiophone

B. Chordophone D. Aerophone

4. Which of the following musical instrument produces sound primarily by

trapping or enclosing an air to vibrate?

A. Membranophone C. Aerophone

B. Chordophone D. Idiophone

5. Which musical element refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of

pitch?

A. Dynamics B. Form C. Harmony D. Melody

6. Which of the following does not belong to the basic terms of harmony?

A. Dissonantly B. Atonality C. Modality D.Tonality

7. Which type of texture has two or more independent melodies at the same

time?

A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic D. Heterophonic

8. Which one of the basic terms in harmony that avoids any sense of a home

key center?

A. Atonality B. Tonality C. Modality D.Conjunctly

9. Which of the following melodies described as smooth, easy to sing and play?

A. Conjunct B. Consonance C. Dissonance D. Disjunct

61

10. Which of the following terms in melody tis a basis for an extended musical

work?

A. Pitch B. Scale C. Tone D. Theme

11. Which kind of musical element produces different sound quality depending on

its own characteristic pattern?


12. Which of the following does not belong to the distinctive elements of music?

A. Dynamics B. Pitch C. Tone Color D. Harmony

13. Which of the following devices add in creating and recording music like

DVD/CD, mobile, and android phones?

A. Electronic device C. Mechanical device

B. Technical device D. Distinctive device

14. Which of the following are the elements of performances does not belong to

the group?

A. Musical compositions C. Roles of composers and lyricist

B. Role of performers D. Role of Editor

15. Which performances focus on choreography and dance sequence that

provides entertainment and breaks the unfolding plots?

A. Musical play B. Ballet C. Opera D. Theatre

A. Students’ Online Activity

Directions: You may watch live performances of the musical concerts on YouTube. Research some of the musical television films that brought honor and fame in the works of multimedia. Re-enact the play by recording a video for evaluation. Rubrics will be given as your evaluation sheet.

B. Students’ Offline Activity:

Directions: Together with the members of the family as your group mate, you may create a video clip using your digital cameras and cell phone portraying the 20th century musical styles.

C. Rubrics in evaluating your performance will be given as your reference to make your output wonderful.

62

Rubrics for your musical performance

Elements Outstanding Very Good Good Average Poor

Pitch Virtual no

errors. Pitch is

very accurate

An

occasional

isolated

error, but

most of the

time pitch is

accurate

and secure

Some

accurate

pitches, but

there are

frequent

and or

repeated

errors

Very few

accurate or

secure

pitches

Needs help

Tone

quality

Tone is

consistently

focused, clear,

and centered

throughout the

range of the

voice

Tone is

focused,

clear, and

centered

but

sometimes

uncontrolled

in the

normal

singing

range

The tone is

often not

focused,

clear, or

centered

regardless

of the

range

The tone is

often not

focused,

clear, or

centered

regardless of

the range

significantly

detracting

from the

overall

Mumbles.

shouts,

sing not

appropriate

or will not

sing

Expression

and style

Performs with

a creative

nuance and

style in

response to the

score and

limited

coaching.

Typically

performs

with nuance

and style

that is

indicated in

the score or

which is

suggested

by instructor

Sometimes

performs

with

nuance

and style

that is

indicted in

the score or

which is

suggested

by

instructor

Rarely

demonstrated

expression

and style. just

sings the

notes

Expression

and style is comparable

to a deal

rodent

Diction

Artist

articulates

clearly and the

text of the

music is

understandable

Artist

articulates

the words

somewhat

clearly and

the text can

be

understood

most of the

time

Artist is

sometimes

articulating

the word,

but the text

is often not

discernable

Artist rarely

articulates

the words

and the text

is not

discernable

No clues

as to what

the artist is

singing.

Possibly

singing in a

different

language.

Total

63

Post-Assessment

1. Which one of his musical compositions of Sergie Prokofieff is intended for children only?

A. Romeo and Juliet C.Peter and Wolf

B. War and Peace D. Song of the Bagpipe

2. What attitude of a composers refers to the ability to make new things or think of new ideas?


3. The element in composition in which composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept.

B. Avant-garde C. Neoclassicism


4. Which texture of music gives a pattern of regular or irregular pulses caused in music by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats?


5. Which theory or practice in art of seeks to depict the particular emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in the artist?



6. Which kind of musical elements produces different sound quality depending on its own characteristic pattern?


7. Which of the following melodies described as smooth, easy to sing and play?

A. Conjunct B. Consonance C. Dissonance D. Disjunct

8. Meter can be seen or felt through the standard patterns used by the conductors. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

A. Andante B. Quadruple C. Triple D. Duple

9. Which musical element refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of pitch?

A. Dynamics B. Melody C. Harmony D. Form

10. Which of the basic terms describe the word syncopation?

A. On-the-beat accent C. Off-the-beat accent

B. On-the-air of accent D. On-the-speeding up the tempo

11. Which of the following terms should you use for the performance that is invented by the performers in making something that you have not planned?


64

12. Who among the composers was born to musical parents and died on

September 26, 1945, in New York City?

A. Bela Bartok C.Igor Stravinsky

B. Sergei Prokofieff D.George Gershwin

13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos, as one of the exceptional works of Bartok?

A. 12 B.13 C 14 D.15

14. Who was the proponent of the Neoclassicism?





71

References:

1. Buenviaje , Paz A. 2005. Music,Arts, Physical Education, and Health IV.

Phoenix Publishing House,Inc.

2. Cabanban , Evelyn F. 2015. Music and Arts Appreciation for Young

Filipinos. Philippines Tawid Publications..

3. Defensor Marshal D, et al. 2007.MAPEH St. Augustine Publications Inc.

4. Estarija , Consolacion A. 2005.Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health

IV. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

5. Padiz, Servillano A. et al. 2005.MAPEH, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

6. Roxas-Wi , Corazon. 2005. Music,Arts, Physical Education, and Health IV.

Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

7. Sunico, Raul M, Cabanban, Evelyn F and Moran, Melissa Y. Horizons

2015.Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos Learner’s Material,

Tawid Publications.

8. https://wmich.edu/mus-gened/mus170/170notes/Ch1-elements.pdf

“accessed June 1, 2020.

9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXptv3RHMTs accessed June 1, 2020.

10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4wb11w0ZHQ accessed June 1, 2020.

11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeTFxbsVGrI accessed June 1, 2020.

12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaPlyJDdlqU accessed June 12, 2020.

13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3gvVrEG03U accessed June 12, 2020.

14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5haN3qsF-V4 accessed June 12, 2020.

15. https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/elements-of-20th-century-musical-

style-5301675/packs/7879751 accessed June 5, 2020.

16. https://images.app.goo.gl/LTbTyets5bq9VW327 accessed June 4, 2020

15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUFpcPEcwTo accessed June 1, 2020.

16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY accessed June 1, 2020.

17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s accessed June

1, 2020.

18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOEatu5aH8 accessed June 1, 2020.

19. https://wmich.edu/mus-history/TheoryHelp/forms.html accessed June16, 2020

20. http://musictheoryblog.blogspot.com/2007/02/musical-form.html

accessed June 16, 2020.

21. https://www.britannica.com/art/musical-form/Formal-types accessed June 16, 2020.

https://wmich.edu/mus-gened/mus170/170notes/Ch1-elements.pdf







https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/elements-of-20th-century-musical-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20style-5301675/packs/7879751

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/elements-of-20th-century-musical-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20style-5301675/packs/7879751

https://images.app.goo.gl/LTbTyets5bq9VW327%20%20accessed%20June%204



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s


https://wmich.edu/mus-history/TheoryHelp/forms.html

https://www.britannica.com/art/musical-form/Formal-types

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