10-basic principles of the routing protocols-20090724-a
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ODP500001 Principles of
the Routing Protocols
ISSUE 1.0
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The router is necessary in the
internet, and the main function of the
router is to interconnect different
networks together.
But how to realize it with a router?
And how can the IP packet be
transmitted from one network to
another?
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Upon completion of this course, you
will e !le to"
Un#erst!n# functions of the route
!n# routing t!le.
$now the configur!tion of st!tic
route !n# #ef!ult route
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hapter ! "oute and "outing Tableha
pter ! "oute and "outing Table
hapter # $tatic routehapter # $tatic route
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%h!t&s 'he Route(
) route is the p!th inform!tion to gui#e IP p!c*ets to e
tr!nsferre#.
+,R1,-
)
R1
Destin!tion
networ*
Other networ*s
ow to get ! route (
////use the routing t!le.
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'he Routing '!le Inform!tion
Router#ispl!y ip routing/t!le
Routing '!les"
Destin!tion2-!s* proto pref 3ost e4thop Interf!ce
0.0.0.020 S')'I3 0 0 10.0.1.1 Ethernet120
1.0.0.026 RIP 100 1 10.0.1.1 Ethernet120
1.1.1.0278 S')'I3 0 0 10.0.1.1 Ethernet120
1.1.1.1297 OSP: 10 7 10.0.1.1 Ethernet120
7.7.7.7297 DIRE3' 0 0 17;.0.0.1 In<oop=!c*0
10.0.1.0290 DIRE3' 0 0 10.0.1.7 Ethernet120
10.0.1.7297 DIRE3' 0 0 17;.0.0.1 In<oop=!c*0
17;.0.0.026 DIRE3' 0 0 17;.0.0.1 In<oop=!c*0
17;.0.0.1297 DIRE3' 0 0 17;.0.0.1 In<oop=!c*0
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Protocol
Direct route #isco>ere# y the lin*/l!yer protocol
St!tic route configure# m!nu!lly
Route #isco>ere# y the #yn!mic routing protocol
:or e4!mple" RIP, OSP:, IS/IS, =?P.
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Route Preference
'he route ot!ine# y the protocol of the highest preference is
preferre# !n# !##e# in the routing t!le.
the sm!ller the numeric!l >!lue, the higher the preference
E4cept the #irect route, preferences of !ll #yn!mic routing
protocols c!n e configure# m!nu!lly !ccor#ing to the users@
reAuirement.
=esi#es, preference of e!ch st!tic route m!y #iffer.
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Route Preference
'he routers pro#uce# y #ifferent m!nuf!cturers h!>e #ifferent
specific!tions on the preferences of the routing protocols.
Def!ult >!lue of Router series+BRP 5.1C"
"outingProtocol Preference
DIRE3' 0
OSP: 10
IS/IS 15
S')'I3 0RIP 100
I=?P 755
OSP: )SE 150
E=?P 755
Untrustworthy 755
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Route -etric
'he route metric i#entifies the cost for !rri>ing !t the #estin!tion
!##ress. ?ener!lly, the route metric >!lue is influence# y"
<ine #el!y, !n#wi#th, line seiure r!tio, #egree of line reli!ility,
hop count, -'U
'he metric >!lue of the st!tic route is 0.Different #yn!mic routing
protocols will select one or se>er!l f!ctor +sC to c!lcul!te the metric
>!lue.
'he metric >!lue is me!ningful for comp!rison of the routing
protocols of ! type. 'he metric >!lues of #ifferent routing protocols!re not comp!r!le !n# thus no con>ersion rel!tionship e4ists
!mong them.
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Route -!tching :un#!ment!l
longest m!tching
preference
cost
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hapter ! "oute and "outing Tablehapter ! "oute and "outing Table
hapter # $tatic routehapter # $tatic route
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St!tic Route 3onfigur!tion
%ote& only the interface of the ne't hop is of point(to(point nature )PPP,*+- ,
can interface/name0 be filled, otherwise, the gateway/address0 must be filled.
1'ample&ip route(static !#2.!.3.3 !4 !3.3.3.#
ip route(static !#2.!.3.3 #55.#55.3.3 !3.3.3.#
ip route(static !#2.!.3.3 !4 $erial #63
onfiguration command and configuration mode
7"outer8ip route(static ip/address0 7 mask0 9 masklen0 8
interface/name0 9 gateway/address0 7 preference
preference/:alue0 8 7 re;ect 9 blackhole 8
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E4!mple Of 'he St!tic Route
<n the "outer A route, configure
ip route/st!tic 17.1.0.0 755.755.0.0 10.0.0.7 or :
ip route/st!tic 17.1.0.0 1 10.0.0.7 or :
ip route/st!tic 17.1.0.0 1 Seri!l 720
!#2.!.3.36!4
136!"outer B
$#63
!3.3.3.#
"outer A
!3.3.3.!
$#63
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Def!ult Route
'he #ef!ult route is !lso ! st!tic route. In rief, it is use# when
no m!tche# route item c!n e foun# in the routing t!le.
In the internet, .F of the routers h!>e ! #ef!ult route.
It is not !lw!ys the st!tic route m!nu!lly configure#,
Sometimes, the #ef!ult route c!n e gener!te# y the #yn!mic
routing protocol.
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Def!ult Route
On the router ), configure:
ip route/st!tic 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.7
Router )
.1
S721
10.0.0.026
S720
Router =
Pulic etwor*
.7
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Route Self/<oop
GRoute self/loopG refers to the c!se where ! p!c*et sent from !
router is forw!r#e# se>er!l times !n# then returns to the
origin!l router !g!in .
HRoute self/loop is h!rmful to the networ*, !n# shoul# e
!>oi#e#.
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Route Self/<oop
Router )
10.0.0.02 6
S721
.7
S720
Router =
etwor* Pulic etwor*
.1
On the Router ) router , configure :
ip route 70.0.0.0 6 10.0.0.7
On the Router = router, configure:
ip route 70.0.0.0 6 10.0.0.1
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Juestions
ow m!ny *in#s of Route origin!tion(
%h!t&s the #ef!ult route(
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Summ!ry
:unction of route !n# routing t!le
'he structure of the routing t!le Principle of Route m!tching fun#!ment!l
St!tic route !n# #ef!ult route