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PATIENT CARE STANDARDS

Presented to Dr. Betty Polido

In Partial Fulfillment for the

Course N 414-F

Santander, Irene Y.

Sayson, Nishiura Grace D.

July 10, 2012


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Define the different organizations and their

standards of care.

Describe the importance of patient carestandards.

Discuss the different patient care standards of

different health provider organization.

Analyze and synthesize information from diversepatient-care standards in a manner consistent with

the demands of clinical setting.

Identify the impact of the patient care standards

toward s the patients level of satisfaction upon the

setting health care organizations.


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I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES


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II. INTRODUCTION


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Nursing is a helping, independent professionthat provides services that contributes to the

health of the people.

The care aspect is more than to take care

of it is also caring about. Caring is

relational and requires you as a nurse tounderstand the patients needs at a level that

permits individualization of nursing therapies.


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In the practice setting it is important to have

objective guidelines for providing and evaluating

nursing care. Standards of nursing care are

developed and established on the basis of strongscientific research and the work of clinical nurse

experts.

The purpose of a standard of care is to describethe common level of professional nursing care in

order to judge the quality of nursing practice (Dean

Baar, 2001). An organization sometimes adopts a

general set of standards for nursing care, such as

organizational protocols, policies, or procedures.


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The standards

(a) reflect the values and priorities of the nursingprofession

(b)provide direction for professional nursing

practice, (c) provide a framework for the evaluation

of nursing practice(d) define the professions accountability to the

public and the client outcomes for which nurses

are responsible.


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In 1991, the American Nurses Association (ANA)

developed standards of clinical nursing practice of

nursing that are generic in nature and provide for

the practice regardless of area of specialization.

Various specialty nursing organizations have

further developed specific standards of nursingpractice in their area.


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ANA Standards of Practice


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The nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to

the patients health or the situation.

Measurement Criteria

Data collection involves the patient and health careproviders.

The patients immediate condition or needs

determine the priority of data collection.

Collect pertinent data using appropriate assessment

techniques.

Document relevant data using appropriate

assessment in a retrievable form.The data collection process is systematic and

ongoing.


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Nursing Diagnosis

The nurse analyzes the assessment data todetermine the diagnoses or issues.

Measurement CriteriaDerives diagnoses from the assessment data.

Validate the diagnoses with the patient and the

healthcare team, when possible.

Documents diagnoses in a manner that facilitatesthe determination of expected outcomes and plan

of care.


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Outcomes IdentificationThe nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan

individualized to the patient or the situation.

Measurement CriteriaFormulates outcomes mutually with the patient,

significant others and health care providers, when

possible.

Outcomes are culturally appropriate and realistic in

relation to the patients present and potential capabilities.

Outcomes are attainable in relation to resources

available to patient.

Outcomes include a time estimate for attainment andprovide direction for continuity of care.

Documents outcomes as measurable goals.


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PlanningThe nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and

alternatives to attain expected outcomes.

Measurement CriteriaThe plan is individualized to the patients condition or

needs.

Develops the plan with the patient, significant others, and

health care providers, when appropriate.

The plan reflects current nursing practice.

The plan provides continuity of care.

Consider economic impact of the plan.Establish priorities for care.

Document the plan.


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ImplementationThe nurse implements the identified plan of care.

Measurement CriteriaInterventions are consistent with the established

plan of care.

Implement interventions in a safe andappropriate manner.

Collaborate with the nurse colleagues to

implement the plan.

Utilize community resources and systems to

implement the plan.


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Following review of their protocols for scientific quality

and the protection of research subjects, clinical

investigators design and implement their research efforts

with the goal of generalizable knowledge that maybenefit future patients with disease, if not the research

subjects themselves.

In 2000, the Medical Executive Committee developedStandards for Clinical Research to assure high-quality

intramural clinical research programs. In 2006, the

Medical Executive Committee approved and adopted the

following Standards for Patient Care to fostercommitment across the NIH institutes and centers to

excellence in the care of patients while they are serving

as research subjects at the NIH Clinical Center.
http://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/clinicalresearch/index.htmlhttp://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/clinicalresearch/index.htmlhttp://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/patientcare/index.htmlhttp://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/patientcare/index.htmlhttp://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/clinicalresearch/index.htmlhttp://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/clinicalresearch/index.html


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Canadian Nurses Association Standards for NursingPractice

Nursing practice requires that a conceptual model(s) fornursing be the basis for that practice.

Nursing practice requires the effective use of the nursing

process.

Nursing practice requires that the helping relationship be

the nature of the client-nurse interaction.

Nursing practice requires nurses to fulfill professional

responsibilities.


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Standards1. Credentialing and Privileging

The branch chiefs or section heads of the NIH

institutes and centers will use a Clinical

Competency Assessment form to document

continued competence at the time of

recredentialing. The practitioners clinical director

must review this form before its submission to theCredentials Committee.


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2. Preadmission Preparation

The clinical staff will conduct preadmissionplanning for each scheduled admission of patients.

These discussions should address patient

schedules and special needs (e.g., language or

mobility). Physicians, dentists, and other licensedindependent practitioners, nursing staff (including

the nurse manager), research nurses, and protocol

coordinators may participate in these meetings,

which also may involve social workers,nutritionists, pharmacists, and other members of

the multidisciplinary care team.


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3. Multidisciplinary Patient Care RoundsThe purpose of these multidisciplinary clinical

rounds is to discuss patient data, progress in the

protocol, problems relating to the patients care,

evaluations by specialists, and recommendationsfor management.

The primary care team can then use this

information to devise treatment plans, prepare

patient education, and formulate recommendationsfor referring physicians.


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4. Patient Management and Treatment Guidelines

The medical staff will have access to treatment

guidelines endorsed by national organizations.We encourage investigators and consultants,

when appropriate, to consider practice guidelines

in developing their recommendations for patient

management.

In addition, we encourage multi-specialty teams to

develop patient management and treatment

guidelines for supportive care of patients in clinicalresearch protocols that are based on clinical trial

data and expert opinions.


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5. Patient Discharge and Referring Physician

Interface

Care teams that may include the attendingphysician or dentist, fellows, other licensed

independent health-care practitioners, research

nurses, and patient-care unit nursing staff will meet

with patients (with a translator, if necessary, and

with family or others, if requested) at the time of

their discharge to explain their evaluation,

treatment, and management recommendations aswell as the follow-up that may be required at the

Clinical Center.


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6. Quality Assurance/Quality ImprovementTo review the occurrences and complications of

procedures that causedor had the potential to

causepatient harm, the institutes and centers

should conduct Quality Assurance/PerformanceImprovement Rounds on a regular basis.


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7. Great Teachers Lectures and Medical and

Ethics Grand RoundsThe Clinical Center will continue to invite

outstanding clinicians and ethicists to conduct the

Wednesday noon Grand Rounds presentations

with CME credits available to the staff attending.The leadership of the institutes and centers will

encourage staff attendance.


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UNIVERSITY HOSPITALALBERT B. CHANDLERMEDICAL CENTER

LEXINGTON, KENTUCKYSTANDARDS IN PATIENT CARE


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Principle AEach patient shall be treated as a whole, irreplaceable,unique, and worthy person.

Principle BThe patients safety, health, or welfare shall be protected

and shall not be subordinated to organizational staff,educational, or research interests or to any other end.

Principle CThe privacy of the patient and the confidentiality of every

case and record shall bemaintained.


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Principle DPatients and/or responsible family shall be

informed at all stages of care about personnelresponsible for the patients care; treatment

plans and activities for the patient; facilities;services available to the patient; andresponsibilities of the patient and family(referred tocollectively below as patients care).


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Principle E

Behavior reflecting the dignity, responsibility,and service orientation of health careprofessionals, worthy of the publics respect

and confidence, shall be practiced by allindividuals.

Principle F

Each patient shall have a responsible attendingphysician.


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LESSONS LEARNED

As nursing students we have learned that each organization has


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As nursing students we have learned that each organization hasdeveloped their own standards and protocols to render safe and

quality nursing care and to guide them morally in the practice oftheir profession. We have learned that each organization adoptsprotocols and guidelines in order to judge the quality of care theyoffer. We are made aware of the various specialty nursingorganizations further developed specific standards of nursingpractice in their area and the benefits they are giving to the clientssuch as safe and quality nursing care. The Standards for PatientCareaddress essential principles and processes for the clinical care

of the patient volunteers to participate in clinical research, thusbecoming an advantage to the patient since they are viewed as awhole. These standards developed by health care providers offerguidance on such components as the objective measure of medicalstaff competence, preadmission planning, and multidisciplinary

patient care, and the importance of clear and timely communicationwith referring physicians. Through the standards developed bydifferent organizations, we will be able to evaluate nursing care. Wehave also learned that the overreaching goal of patient carestandards is to give excellent care.