10-1-13 unit 1 review
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Unit 1 Test Review
Conducting Experiments
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A Good Experiment
• Tests one variable at a time. If more than one thing is tested at a time, it won’t be clear which variable caused the end result.
• Must be fair and unbiased. This means that the experimenter must not allow his or her opinions to influence the experiment.
• Does not allow any outside factors to affect the outcome of the experiment.
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Variables
• A variable is anything in an experiment that can change or vary.
• It is any factor that can have an effect on the outcome of the experiment.
• There are three main types of variables.
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3 Kinds of Variables
Independent Variable (IV)– something that is intentionally changed by
the scientist– What is tested– What is manipulated– Also called a “Manipulated Variable”– You can only change ONE variable in an
experiment!!!
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3 Kinds of Variables
Independent Variable (IV)
To determine the independent variable, ask yourself:
“What is being changed?”
Finish this sentence…
“I will change the _____________”
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3 Kinds of Variables
Dependent Variable (DV) – something that might be affected by the
change in the independent variable– What is observed and measured– The data collected during the investigation– Also called a “Responding Variable”
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3 Kinds of Variables
Dependent Variable (DV) To determine the dependent variable, ask yourself:
“What will I measure and observe?”
Finish this sentence…
“I will measure and observe ________________”
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3 Kinds of Variables
Standardized Variable (SV)– a variable that is not changed and kept the same– Also called constants– Allows for a “fair test”– NOT the same as a “control”!!– Any given experiment will have many
controlled variables
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3 Kinds of Variables
Standardized Variable (SV)
To determine the controlled variables, ask yourself:
“What should not be allowed to change?”
Finish this sentence…
“I will not allow the ______________ to change.”
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Observations
• Observations must be taken in with one of the five senses– Touch– Sight– Taste– Sense– Smell
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Inferences
• Inferences take observations and then draw conclusions about them
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Black Like Me (1961)
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The foundation of the experiment
• The development of a hypothesis is the first step in designing and conducting an experiment.
• The hypothesis should be:
• clear,
• specific,
• and testable.
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Hypothesis Format
• If the (independent variable) is (describe change)
• Then the (dependent variable) will (describe change)
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Experiment title
• Like your hypothesis, you also use a specific format on the title of your experiment
• Your title also shows the relationship between the IV and DV
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The title of your experiment…
• Is written in the following format:• “The Effect of (Independent Variable) on the
(Dependent Variable).”
• Remember, in your experiment, you are looking to see if the IV has an effect on the DV