1. wto and agriculture dhar

42
!"#$%&'(&#) +,- (.) /012 !, 3,-$+, 4)#56)%($7) "#$%&'#( )*&+ ,  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 ?*/.0/98+(*2 OJ@ &.7 (*/ JH2 #. A&+(#045&+C ,  Q+89/$$8+ &.7 N/&72 R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$2 -.7#&. -.$(#(4(/ 89 E8+/#3. <+&7/2 S/% )/5*#C <*/ B#/%$ /FA+/$$/7 &+/ A/+$8.&5C M H// 98+ #.$(&.0/2 G "+&.7& 82 ; T&+5#.2 U-6A5#0&(#8.$ 89 G3+#045(4+&5 <+&7/ V#D/+&5#$&(#8. 98+ )/B/58A#.3 R84.(+#/$W2 ;8+57 "&.: ;8+:#.3 Q&A/+2 S8C ;QH MMXY2 MZZ[C P  <*/ ;<= +/9/+$ (8 (*/ OJ T/6D/+ H(&(/$ &$ (*/ O4+8A/&. R8664.#(#/$2 8+ (*/ ORC

Upload: aditya-kalsi

Post on 01-Jun-2018

214 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 1/42

!"#$%&'(&#) +,- (.) /012 !, 3,-$+, 4)#56)%($7)

"#$%&'#( )*&+ , 

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

H/B/+&5 $(47#/$ 08.740(/7 #. (*/ A&$( #.7#0&(/7 (*&( (*/ +/$45($ 89 (*/ J+434&1 K84.7

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  ?*/.0/98+(*2 OJ@

&.7 (*/ JH2 #. A&+(#045&+C

, Q+89/$$8+ &.7 N/&72 R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$2 -.7#&. -.$(#(4(/ 89 E8+/#3. <+&7/2 S/% )/5*#C <*/ B#/%$/FA+/$$/7 &+/ A/+$8.&5CMH// 98+ #.$(&.0/2 G "+&.7&82 ; T&+5#.2 U-6A5#0&(#8.$ 89 G3+#045(4+&5 <+&7/ V#D/+&5#$&(#8. 98+ )/B/58A#.3R84.(+#/$W2 ;8+57 "&.: ;8+:#.3 Q&A/+2 S8C ;QH MMXY2 MZZ[CP <*/ ;<= +/9/+$ (8 (*/ OJ T/6D/+ H(&(/$ &$ (*/ O4+8A/&. R8664.#(#/$2 8+ (*/ ORC

Page 2: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 2/42

  P

<*/$/ /6/+3/.( 6&+:/( 08.7#(#8.$ *&B/ &$$46/7 08.$#7/+&D5/ #6A8+(&.0/ #. (*/./38(#&(#8.$ 98+ (*/ +/B#/% 89 (*/ G8G (*&( &+/ D/#.3 08.740(/7 &$ & A&+( 89 (*/ )8*&K84.7C <*/$/ ./38(#&(#8.$ %/+/ 6&.7&(/7 (8 086A5/(/ D1 (*/ /.7 89 P\\]2 D4(7#99/+/.0/$ D/(%//. (*/ 6&'8+ 084.(+#/$ 9+86 D8(* 7/B/58A/7 &.7 (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 %8+572 A&+(#045&+51 #. (*/ &+/& 89 &3+#045(4+/2 *&B/ 6&7/ (*/ 84(086/ 89 (*/$/ ./38(#&(#8.$

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

$/0(#8. A+8B#7/$ &. &0084.( 89 (*/ &((/6A($ (*&( &+/ D/#.3 D1 (*/ R*&#+6&. 89 (*/ ;<=R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/ (8 D+/&: (*/ #6A&$$/ #. (*/ ./38(#&(#8.$C

38  3,-$+95 /01 :;<<$(<),(5 $, !"#$%&'(&#)

<*/ ;<= G3+//6/.( 8. G3+#045(4+/ ?G8G@ 6&+:$ (*/ 9#+$( &((/6A( D1 (*/ 358D&508664.#(1 (8 &77+/$$ A85#01 #.740/7 7#$(8+(#8.$ (*&( *&7 &995#0(/7 &3+#045(4+/ $/0(8+C<8%&+7$ (*#$ /.72 7#$0#A5#./$ %/+/ #.(+8740/7 08B/+#.3 (%8 &+/&$^ ?#@ $4D$#7#/$ &.7 ?##@ D8+7/+ A+8(/0(#8. 6/&$4+/$C -. 0&$/ 89 (*/ 98+6/+2 U786/$(#0 $4AA8+(W ?A+8740(#8.I+/5&(/7$4D$#7#/$@2 %*#0* %/+/ $//. &$ U6&+:/( 7#$(8+(#.3W2 &.7 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$2 %/+/ $843*( D/+/#./7 #.C <*/ 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 7#$0#A5#./ #.(+8740/7 D1 (*/ G8G *&7 6&7/ (*/7#$(#.0(#8. D/(%//. (*/ $8I0&55/7 U(+&7/ 7#$(8+(#.3W &.7 U.8.I(+&7/ 7#$(8+(#.3W $4D$#7/$ D1

#.(+8740#.3 (*+// $/($ 89 U"8F/$WC ;*#5/ (*/ 98+6/+ $/( 89 $4D$#7#/$2 #.0547/7 #. (*/UG6D/+ "8FW2 %&$ $4D'/0(/7 (8 B&+#84$ 7#$0#A5#./$2 (*/ 5&((/+2 #7/.(#9#/7 &$ UL+//.W &.7(*/ U"54/W "8F 6/&$4+/$2 %/+/ .8( $4D'/0(/7 (8 &.1 7#$0#A5#./ ?$// GAA/.7#F 98+ &(/0*.#0&5 +/.7/+#.3 89 (*/ $4D$#7#/$ 7#$0#A5#./@C

<*/ D8+7/+ A+8(/0(#8. 6/&$4+/$ (*&( (*/ G8G 9804$/$ 8. &+/ (&+#99$ &.7 _48(&$C ;*#5/(&+#99$ %/+/ /FA/0(/7 (8 D/ D84.72 #C/C 4AA/+I5#6#($ %/+/ (8 D/ $/(` ;<= T/6D/+$ %/+/&5$8 &558%/7 (8 #.(+8740/ (&+#99I+&(/ _48(&$ D1 4$#.3 %*#0* (*/1 08457 6&.&3/ #6A8+($ 89&3+#045(4+&5 086687#(#/$C

G( (*/ /.7 89 (*/ J+434&1 K84.7 ./38(#&(#8.$2 -.7#& *&7 &3+//7 D84.7 &55 #($ &3+#045(4+&5086687#(#/$2 D/$#7/$ &00/A(#.3 (*/ 7#$0#A5#./$ 8. 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( &.7 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$C

<*/ 7/(&#5$ 89 (*/ 0866#(6/.($ (&:/. D1 -.7#& &+/ 7#$04$$/7 D/58%C

Page 3: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 3/42

  [

=+#>)( !%%)55 :;<<$(<),(5

-.7#&a$ (&+#99 0866#(6/.($ #. (*/ &3+#045(4+&5 $/0(8+ #.B85B/7 D#.7#.3 89 &55 086687#(#/$C<*/ (&+#99 D#.7#.3$ +&.3/7 9+86 M\\ A/+ 0/.( 98+ (*/ A+#6&+1 A+8740($ (8 [\\ A/+ 0/.( 98+/7#D5/ 8#5$C <*/ (&+#99 D#.7#.3$ 899/+/7 D1 -.7#& *&B/ +/$45(/7 #. &B/+&3/ D84.7 (&+#99$ 89MMbCP A/+ 0/.( #. P\\YI\b[C -. 9&0(2 -.7#&a$ &B/+&3/ D84.7 (&+#99$ 8. &3+#045(4+&5086687#(#/$ %/.( 4A 9+86 Z] A/+ 0/.( &$ #. MZZb] &9(/+ -.7#& +/./38(#&(/7 (&+#99$ 8. $86/ A+8740($ 4.7/+ G+(#05/ ccd--- 89 LG<< MZZ]C <*/ +/0(#9#0&(#8.$ &.7 687#9#0&(#8.$ 89-.7#&e$ H0*/745/ *&B/ +/$45(/7 #. 0*&.3/$ #. (&+#99$ 89 & .46D/+ 89 A+8740($ fC <*/$/0*&.3/$ &+/2 *8%/B/+2 &+/ .8( 1/( 0/+(#9#/7 D/0&4$/ 89 +/$/+B&(#8.$ +&#$/7C -.7#& *&$2./B/+(*/5/$$2 A4+$4&.( (8 G+(#05/ ccd---^[ 89 LG<< MZ]b &AA5#/7 (*/$/ *#3*/+ +&(/$YC

<*/ ./38(#&(#8.$ 4.7/+ G+(#05/ ccd--- /.(/+/7 #.(8 D1 -.7#& +/$45(/7 #. (*/ /$(&D5#$*6/.(89 (&+#99 +&(/ _48(&$ #. 984+ (&+#99 5#./$2 B#>C 6&#>/ ?8(*/+ (*&. $//7@2 6#5: A8%7/+2 +/9#./7+&A/X64$(&+7 8#5 &.7 $4.958%/+ 8+ $&9958%/+ $//7 8#5C <*/ 7/(&#5$ 89 (*/ <Kg$ &+/ 3#B/. #.G../F <&D5/ MC <*/ #6A8+($ 4.7/+ (*/ <Kg$ 0&. D/ 0&++#/7 84( D1 7/$#3.&(#8. $(&(/I8%./7 /.(/+A+#$/$bC N8%/B/+2 (*/$/ /.(/+A+#$/$ %8457 D/ 4.7/+(&:#.3 (*/ #6A8+($ 8.51 8.

 D/*&59 89 (*/ &0(4&5 4$/+$h

CG 9/&(4+/ 89 -.7#&a$ (&+#99 0866#(6/.($ 4.7/+ (*/ G8G #$ (*&( #. & 5&+3/ .46D/+ 89 0&$/$(*/ 9#.&5 D84.7 (&+#99$ &+/ 08.$#7/+&D51 *#3*/+ (*&. (*/#+ 08++/$A8.7#.3 04++/.( &AA5#/7(&+#99$C G../F <&D5/ P 3#B/$ &. #.7#0&(#8. 89 (*/ 7#$(&.0/ D/(%//. (*/ &AA5#/7 &.7 (*/ D84.7 (&+#99$ 98+ & $/( 89 6&'8+ 086687#(#/$C

<*/ 3&A D/(%//. (*/ &AA5#/7 &.7 D84.7 (&+#99$ #$ (*/ *#3*/$( 98+ /7#D5/ 8#5$2 (*/ D84.774(#/$ 98+ %*#0* &+/ &$ *#3* &$ [\\ A/+ 0/.(C GAA5#/7 (&+#99$2 8. (*/ 8(*/+ *&.72 &+/ D/(%//. Yf A/+ 0/.( 98+ 0+47/ A&56 8#5 &.7 hf A/+ 0/.( 98+ +/9#./7 A&56 8#5C N8%/B/+2 98+$86/ 89 (*/ 6&'8+ 0/+/&5$2 #.0547#.3 %*/&( &.7 +#0/2 &AA5#/7 (&+#99$ *&B/ D//. A/33/7058$/ (8 (*/ D84.7 5/B/5$ #. 8+7/+ (8 A+8(/0( -.7#&. &3+#045(4+/ 9+86 0*/&A #6A8+($C Q+#0/$

89 (*/$/ 0/+/&5$ #. (*/ #.(/+.&(#8.&5 6&+:/($ %#(./$$/7 & $546A #. (*/ 5&(/ MZZ\$8$(/.$#D51 D/0&4$/ 89 *#3* 5/B/5$ 89 $4D$#7#/$ 3+&.(/7 D1 (*/ JH &.7 (*/ 6/6D/+$ 89 (*/OJC ;/ $*&55 #.7#0&(/ #. & 5&(/+ $/0(#8. (*&( (*/ G3+//6/.( 8. G3+#045(4+/ %&$ 4.&D5/ (8+/#. #. (*/ $4D$#7#/$ 3+&.(/7 D1 (*/ (%8 6&'8+ A5&1/+$ #. (*/ 6&+:/($ 98+ &3+#045(4+&5086687#(#/$2 &.7 (*#$ *&$ D/086/ (*/ 9804$ 89 (*/ 8.I38#.3 )8*& K84.7 ./38(#&(#8.$C

[ ;<X<QKXHXMhPXK/BCM2 AC [h] ;<X<QKXHX[[2 AC fff

 Q+86#./.( &68.3 (*/ A+8740($ 8. %*#0* (&+#99 D#.7#.3$ %/+/ #.0+/&$/7 &+/ 6&#>/ ?P (&+#99 5#./$@2 +#0/ ?](&+#99 5#./$@2 +&A/X64$(&+7 8#5 ?P (&+#99 5#./$@ &.7 6#5: A8%7/+ ?P (&+#99 5#./$@C G68.3 (*/ A+8740($ %*8$/(&+#99 D#.7#.3$ %/+/ 58%/+/7 &+/ & +&.3/ 89 9+4#($ &.7 85#B/ 8#5CY ;<X<QKXHXM\\2 AC PhCb<*/ _48(&$ &+/ A5&0/7 &( (*/ 7#$A8$&5 89 (*/ G3+#045(4+&5 &.7 Q+80/$$/7 E887 Q+8740($ OFA8+()/B/58A6/.( G4(*8+#(1 ?GQO)G@ &.7 &+/ 04++/.(51 &5580&(/7 (8 $(&(/ (+&7#.3 086A&.#/$2 #.0547#.3 (*/

 S&(#8.&5 G3+#045(4+&5 R88A/+&(#B/ T&+:/(#.3 E/7/+&(#8. ?SGEO)@2 T#./+&5$ &.7 T/(&5$ <+&7#.3R8+A8+&(#8. ?TT<R@2 H(&(/ <+&7#.3 R8+A8+&(#8. ?H<R@2 (*/ Q+8'/0( &.7 O_4#A6/.( R8+A8+&(#8. ?QOR@&.7 H(&(/ R88A/+&(#B/ T&+:/(#.3 E/7/+&(#8.$Ch L8B(C 89 -.7#&2 T#.#$(+1 89 R866/+0/ &.7 -.74$(+12 Q4D5#0 S8(#0/ S8C [hXP\\PIP\\b2 ](* =0(8D/+2 P\\PC

Page 4: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 4/42

  ]

?;<)5($% @&66;#( :;<<$(<),(5

-.7#& %&$ .8( +/_4#+/7 (8 +/740/ #($ $A/.7#.3 8. 9&+6 $4D$#7#/$ $#.0/ #($ 04++/.( 5/B/5$ 89$A/.7#.3 &+/ 9&+ D/58% (*/ 5#6#($ $/( D1 (*/ G8G ?$// G../F 98+ & (/0*.#0&5 +/.7/+#.3 89(*/ 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 7#$0#A5#./ 4.7/+ (*/ G8G@C G008+7#.3 (8 (*/ G8G $4D$#7#/$7#$0#A5#./2 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ %/+/ /FA/0(/7 (8 +/740/ (*/#+ A+8740(#8.I5#.:/7

$4D$#7#/$ 8.51 #9 (*/ &..4&5 84(5&1 89 (*/ 38B/+.6/.( ?8+ +/B/.4/ 98+38./@ 8. $4D$#7#/$/F0//7/7 M\ A/+ 0/.( 89 (*/ B&54/ 89 &3+#045(4+&5 A+8740(#8.ZC G../F (&D5/ M\ 3#B/$ (*/9#34+/$ 98+ (8(&5 $4D$#7#/$ 98+ -.7#&2 0&5045&(/7 4$#.3 (*/ 6/(*8785831 A+8B#7/7 D1 (*/G8GM\2 74+#.3 (*/ 1/&+$ MZZfIZY (8 MZZbIZh &+/ A+8B#7/7 #. (*/ G../F <&D5/ [C

-.7#&a$ (8(&5 $4D$#7#/$2 8+ G33+/3&(/ T/&$4+/ 89 H4AA8+( ?GTH@2 %*#0* %&$ & 5&+3/./3&(#B/ &684.( #. MZZfIZY2 $4D$/_4/.(51 +/&0*/7 A8$#(#B/ (/++#(8+1C <*#$ %&$ A+#6&+#51 D/0&4$/ (*/ A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+(2 %*#0* (88: (*/ 98+6 89 6&+:/( A+#0/ $4AA8+(2 %&$+/A8+(/7 (8 *&B/ #.0+/&$/7 D1 68+/ (*&. JH i PY D#55#8. D/(%//. MZZfIZY &.7 MZZYIZbC-. #($ 9#+$( .8(#9#0&(#8.2 -.7#& *&7 #.7#0&(/7 (*&( #($ A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( %&$ /F(/.7/7(8 MM 086687#(#/$2 %*#5/ #. (*/ (%8 $4D$/_4/.( 1/&+$ #( %&$ +/A8+(/7 (*&( 8.51 (*+//086687#(#/$ %/+/ +/0/#B#.3 6&+:/( A+#0/ $4AA8+(C "/$#7/$ +#0/ &.7 %*/&(2 08((8. %&$ (*/8.51 8(*/+ 086687#(1 98+ %*#0* A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( %&$ +/A8+(/7C E4+(*/+68+/2 A+8740(#8. /5#3#D5/ 98+ $4AA8+( *&$ $*&+A51 7/0+/&$/7 9+86 ./&+51 [hbC\ 6#55#8. (8../$ #.MZZfIZY (8 ./&+51 P[C\ 6#55#8. (8../$ #. MZZYIZbC -. (*/ 98558%#.3 1/&+2 /5#3#D5/ A+8740(#8. %&$ +/A8+(/7 (8 *&B/ #.0+/&$/7 (8 PhCf 6#55#8. (8../$C G../F <&D5/ ] 3#B/$(*/ 7/(&#5$C

<*/ $*&+A +/740(#8. %&$ 8. &0084.( 89 & 0*&.3/ #. (*/ +/A8+(#.3 $1$(/6 &78A(/7 D1 (*/L8B/+.6/.( 4.7/+ %*#0* (*/ &684.( 89 3+&#.$ A+804+/7 D1 (*/ $(&(/ &3/.0#/$ %&$08.$#7/+/7 98+ +/A8+(#.3 (*/ /F(/.( 89 6&+:/( A+#0/ $4AA8+( (*&( %&$ A+8B#7/7C ;*#5/ #.MZZfIZY2 (*/ /.(#+/ A+8740(#8. 89 (*/ 086687#(#/$ 98+ %*#0* A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( %&$+/A8+(/7 %&$ #.0547/7 98+ (*/ A4+A8$/$ 89 0&5045&(#.3 (*/ GTH2 #. (*/ (%8 $4D$/_4/.(

1/&+$ (*/ _4&.(#(1 A+804+/7 9+86 (*/ 9&+6/+$ %&$ #.0547/7 #. (*/ GTH 0&5045&(#8.C E8+#.$(&.0/2 #. 0&$/ 89 +#0/ (*/ /5#3#D5/ _4&.(#(1 %&$ 7/0+/&$/7 9+86 &D84( hM 6#55#8. (8../$98+ MZZfIZY (8 M[ 6#55#8. (8../$ 98+ MZZYIZb &.7 98+ %*/&( (*/ 08++/$A8.7#.3 9#34+/$%/+/ Y] &.7 Z +/$A/0(#B/51C

-.7#& A+8B#7/7 .8.IA+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4D$#71 #. (*/ 98+6 89 9/+(#5#>/+ $4D$#712 0+/7#($4D$#712 $4D$#71 8. /5/0(+#0#(12 #++#3&(#8. $4D$#71 &.7 $4D$#71 8. &B/+&3/ $4AA51 89 $//7$CH4D$#7#/$ 8. /5/0(+#0#(1 7/05#./7 D1 ]P A/+ 0/.( &.7 (*&( 8. #++#3&(#8. $4D$#71 9/55 D168+/ (*&. hY A/+ 0/.( 74+#.3 (*/ $&6/ A/+#87C H4D$#71 8. &B/+&3/ $4AA51 89 $//7$ %&$8.51 i \CYP 6#55#8. #. MZZbXh2 & $(//A 7+8A 9+86 i P[CZ 6#55#8. #. MZZfXYC =. (*/ 8(*/+*&.72 $4D$#7#/$ #. 0&$/ 89 9/+(#5#$/+$2 (*/ 5&+3/$( 086A8./.( 89 .8.IA+8740( $A/0#9#0$4D$#7#/$2 #.0+/&$/7 D1 &D84( Ph A/+ 0/.( D/(%//. MZZfIZY &.7 MZZbIZhC G$ & +/$45( 89

(*#$ #.0+/&$/ #. 9/+(#5#$/+ $4D$#712 (8(&5 .8.IA+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4D$#71 7/05#./7 D1 8.51 Mf A/+ 0/.( ?G../F <&D5/ f@C

Z <*/ #6A5/6/.(&(#8. A/+#87 98+ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ %&$ M\ 1/&+$ D/3#..#.3 9+86 MZZfCM\  <*/ G8G 4$/$ (*/ 08.0/A( 89 G33+/3&(/ T/&$4+/ 89 H4AA8+( ?GTH@ 98+ 7#$0#A5#.#.3 (*/ 4$/ 89&3+#045(4+&5 $4D$#7#/$C H// G../F 98+ (*/ 7/(&#5$ 8. GTHC

Page 5: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 5/42

  f

"4( %*#5/ (*/ .8.IA+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4D$#7#/$ *&7 7/0+/&$/72 (*/ UL+//. "8FW$4AA8+( A+8B#7/7 D1 -.7#& #.0+/&$/7 D1 ./&+51 & (*#+7 74+#.3 (*/ A/+#87 98+ %*#0* (*/ 7&(&%&$ A+8B#7/7 ?G../F <&D5/ Y@C H4D$#7/$ (*&( 0&. D/ A+8B#7/7 (8 58% #.086/ &.7 +/$84+0/ A88+ 9&+6/+$ %/+/ &5$8 #.0+/&$/7 #. (*#$ A/+#87 ?G../F <&D5/ b@C g4#(/ 05/&+512 (*4$2-.7#& %&$ (&+3/(#.3 #($ $4D$#7#/$ #. & 6&../+ (*&( %8457 *&B/ (&:/. 0&+/ 89 (*/ +/5&(#B/51

./35/0(/7 &+/&$ 89 #($ &3+#045(4+&5 $/0(8+ 

MM

C

3,-$+95 AB6;#(5 @&C5$-$)5

-.7#& *&$ .8( D//. & (+&7#(#8.&5 4$/+ 89 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$C <*/ 084.(+1 7#7 .8( /F(/.7 &.1/FA8+( $4D$#71 74+#.3 (*/ A/+#87 MZhYIMZZ\ (*&( *&B/ D//. 08.$#7/+/7 &$ (*/ D&$/ 1/&+$98+ (*/ /FA8+( $4D$#71 7#$0#A5#./C N/.0/ &$ A/+ (*/ A+8B#$#8.$ 89 (*/ G8G2 -.7#& 0&..8(+/$8+( (8 /FA8+( $4D$#7#$&(#8. #. 94(4+/ (*843* 7/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$ /$A/0#&551 (*/ JH &.7(*/ OJ %*8 *&7 D//. A+8B#7#.3 /F(+/6/51 5&+3/ /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ 08457 08.(#.4/ %#(* (*/$&6/ &9(/+ 6//(#.3 (*/ +/740(#8. 0866#(6/.($C -.7#&2 *8%/B/+2 D/./9#($ 9+86 (*/ Hj)6/&$4+/ %*#0* &558%$ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ (8 A+8B#7/ $4D$#7#/$ 98+ #.(/+.&5 (+&.$A8+(29+/#3*( 0*&+3/$ 8. /FA8+( $*#A6/.($2 *&.75#.32 4A3+&7#.3 &.7 8(*/+ A+80/$$#.3 08$($

+/5&(#.3 (8 /FA8+($MP

C OFA8+( $4D$#7#/$ 98+ 08$($ 89 6&+:/(#.3 /FA8+($ 89 &3+#045(4+&5 A+8740($ &.7 #.(/+.&5 (+&.$A8+( &.7 9+/#3*( 0*&+3/$ &+/ /F/6A( 9+86 +/740(#8.0866#(6/.($ &$ A/+ G+(#05/$ ZCM?7@ &.7 ZC]C N/.0/ /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ A+8B#7/7 D1 -.7#& #.(*/ 98+6 89 #.(/+.&5 (+&.$A8+( $4D$#7#/$ &+/ /F/6A( 9+86 +/740(#8. 0866#(6/.($C <*/#.(/+.&5 (+&.$A8+( $4D$#71 /F(/.7/7 D1 -.7#& %&$ 8.51 #. (/+6$ 89 #.(/+.&(#8.&5 &#+9+/#3*(&$$#$(&.0/C

-.7#& *&$ .8(#9#/7 (8 (*/ ;<= 8. /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ 98+ (*/ 1/&+$ MZZYXZbIP\\\X\MC -.(/+.&5(+&.$A8+( $4D$#71 %&$ A+8B#7/7 (8 9#B/ 086687#(#/$X3+84A$ 89 086687#(#/$2 B#>C 9+/$*9+4#($2 9+/$* B/3/(&D5/$2 A5&.($ &.7 958%/+$2 A845(+1 A+8740($ &.7 0&+7&686C <*/ 9#+$((*+// 086687#(1 3+84A$ +/0/#B/7 $4D$#7#/$ #. &55 (*/ 1/&+$ 98+ %*#0* 7&(& %/+/ A+/$/.(/72%*#5/ 0&+7&686 +/0/#B/7 $4D$#7#/$ 98+ 8.51 8./ 1/&+ ?$// G../F <&D5/ h 98+ 7/(&#5$@C

<8(&5 #.(/+.&5 (+&.$A8+( $4D$#7#/$ 3+&.(/7 $#.0/ MZZYIZb #.0+/&$/7 (8 ./&+51 JH i ]6#55#8. #. MZZYIZbC -. (*/ $4D$/_4/.( 1/&+$2 *8%/B/+2 $4D$#7/$ *&B/ 7/05#./7 &.7 #.P\\\I\M (*/ 58%/$( 5/B/5 %&$ +/&0*/7 &( JH i MCM 6#55#8.C

;*#5/ (*/ D473/(&+1 84(5&1$ 8. (*#$ 98+6 89 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ 7/0+/&$/7 8B/+ (#6/2 (*/_4&.(#(1 89 $4D$#7#$/7 /FA8+($ #.0+/&$/7 $4D$(&.(#&551 #. &55 A+8740($C -. 0&$/ 89 9+/$*9+4#($2 _4&.(#(1 89 $4D$#7#$/7 /FA8+($ #.0+/&$/7 9+86 &D84( P[2\\\ (8../$ #. MZZYIZb (868+/ (*&. MM\2\\\ (8../$ #. P\\\I\MC E+/$* 9+4#($ &.7 A5&.($ &.7 958%/+$ %/+/ (*/ D#33/$( D/./9#0#&+#/$2 %#(* $4D$#7#$/7 /FA8+($ #.0+/&$#.3 68+/ (*&. ] (#6/$ #. 0&$/ 89 (*/98+6/+ &.7 ./&+51 Z (#6/$ #. (*/ 5&((/+C

-( #$ _4#(/ /B#7/.( 9+86 (*/ &D8B/ 7#$04$$#8. (*&( -.7#& 7#7 .8( (&:/ 8./+84$ 8D5#3&(#8.$ #.(*/ &3+#045(4+&5 $/0(8+ %*#5/ &$$46#.3 6/6D/+$*#A 89 (*/ ;<=C ;*#5/ (*/ 084.(+1+/(&#.$ (*/ A85#01 95/F#D#5#(1 (8 A+8B#7/ 9&+6 $4D$#7#/$2 (*/ (&+#99 5#D/+&5#$&(#8.0866#(6/.($ $//6 &7/_4&(/ (8 A+8(/0( (*/ 6&'8+ 0/+/&5$C <*/ 5&((/+ &$A/0( #$ A&+(#045&+51

MM <*/ UL+//. "8FW $4D$#7#/$2 A&+(#045&+51 (*8$/ (*&( *&B/ D//. 7#+/0(/7 (8%&+7$ $(+/.3(*/.#.3 (*/ +4+&5#.9+&$(+40(4+/ 08457 .8( *&B/ 086/ &( & D/((/+ (#6/ $#.0/ (*/ $*&+/ 89 &3+#045(4+/ #. (*/ 084.(+1a$ 3+8$$0&A#(&5 98+6&(#8. *&7 +/&0*/7 (*/ *#$(8+#0&551 58% 5/B/5 89 b A/+ 0/.( #. (*/ 5&(/ MZZ\$CMP <*/$/ $4D$#7#/$ 98+6 & A&+( 89 G+(#05/$ ZCM?7@ &.7 ?/@C

Page 6: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 6/42

  Y

$#3.#9#0&.( 98+ (*#$ A85#01 #.$(+46/.( %8457 &558% (*/ 084.(+1 (8 /.$4+/ (*&( (*/8D'/0(#B/$ 89 9887 $/04+#(1 &.7 5#B/5#*887 08.0/+.$ &+/ 6/(C <*/ 9&0( (*&( 7/B/58A#.3084.(+#/$ .//7 &AA+8A+#&(/ #.$(+46/.($ (8 &77+/$$ (*/ (%#. #$$4/$ 89 9887 $/04+#(1 &.75#B/5#*887$ 08.0/+.$ *&$ D//. *#3*5#3*(/7 D1 -.7#& &58.3 %#(* $/B/+&5 8(*/+ 084.(+#/$ #.(*/ 8.I38#.3 ;<= ./38(#&(#8.$ 8. &3+#045(4+/C <*#$ #$$4/ *&$ &$$46/7 #6A8+(&.0/ #.

B#/% 89 (*/ 9&0( (*&( (*/ G8G *&$ A+8B/7 #./99/0(#B/ #. (*/ /998+($ (8 +/#. #. (*/ $4D$#7#/$3+&.(/7 D1 (*/ 7/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$2 &$ #$ /B#7/.( 9+86 (*/ 6&../+ #. %*#0* (*/ JH &.7(*/ OJ *&B/ #6A5/6/.(/7 (*/#+ J+434&1 K84.7 0866#(6/.($C <*/ 6&+:/( 7#$(8+(#.3$4D$#7#/$ 4$/7 D1 (*/ (%8 6&'8+ A5&1/+$ #. (*/ 6&+:/($ 98+ &3+#045(4+&5 086687#(#/$ /B/.&9(/+ (*/ #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (*/#+ G8G 0866#(6/.($ *&B/ A4( 78%.%&+7 A+/$$4+/$ 8. (*/ A+#0/$ 89 $/B/+&5 086687#(#/$C

338  3<6')<),(+($;, ;D (.) :;<<$(<),(5

<*/ #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (*/ 0866#(6/.($ 6&7/ D1 (*/ ;<= 6/6D/+$2 %*#0* #$ &((/6A(/7#. (*/ $/0(#8.$ D/58%2 %8457 9804$ 8. (*/ 7#$0#A5#./$ #.(+8740/7 #. (*/ (*+// &+/&$ 89 (*/&3+#045(4+&5 $/0(8+ D1 (*/ G8G2 B#>C 786/$(#0 $4AA8+(2 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ &.7 6&+:/( &00/$$C

G$ %8457 D/ 05/&+ 9+86 (*/ 7#$04$$#8. D/58%2 6&:#.3 (*/ 7#$0#A5#./$ #.(+8740/7 D1 (*/G8G /99/0(#B/ +/6&#.$ & 6&'8+ 0*&55/.3/ 98+ (*/ 645(#5&(/+&5 (+&7#.3 $1$(/6C

?;<)5($% @&66;#( :;<<$(<),(5

<*/ #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (*/ 7#$0#A5#./ 8. 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( *&$ (8 D/ $//. 5&+3/51 9+86 (*/ A/+$A/0(#B/ 89 (*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ2 (%8 89 (*/ 5&+3/+ A5&1/+$ #. (*/ 6&+:/( 98+ &3+#045(4+&5086687#(#/$C <*/ &.&51$#$ A+/$/.(/7 D/58% #$ D&$/7 8. 7&(& 8D(&#./7 9+86 (*/.8(#9#0&(#8.$ 8. 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( (8 (*/ ;<= R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/ ?G../F <&D5/$ZIMM@C

<*/ 7&(& A+8B#7/7 D1 (*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ #. (*/#+ .8(#9#0&(#8.$ (8 (*/ R866#((// 8.

G3+#045(4+/ $*8%$ (*&( 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( /F(/.7/7 D1 (*/$/ (%8 6/6D/+$ 89 (*/ ;<= (8(*/#+ &3+#045(4+&5 $/0(8+ +/6&#./7 (*/ *#3*/$( &68.3 &55 ;<= 6/6D/+$ #. (*/ A/+#87 D/(%//. MZZf &.7 P\\\IP\\MC -. P\\\XP\\M2 98+ #.$(&.0/2 (*/ OJ A+8B#7/7 786/$(#0$4AA8+(2 %*#0* %&$ 058$/ (8 JH i bZ D#55#8.2 &.7 #. 0&$/ 89 (*/ JH (*/ 9#34+/ %&$ 68+/(*&. JH i bP D#55#8. #. P\\MC "4( %*#5/ (*/ 98+6/+ *&7 7/0+/&$/7 (*/#+ 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( D1 68+/ (*&. [\ A/+ 0/.( #. 7855&+ (/+6$ #. 9#B/ 1/&+$M[2 (*/ 5&((/+ *&7 #.0+/&$/7 (*#$ 98+689 $4D$#7#/$ D1 &568$( P\ A/+ 0/.(C

"/$#7/$ (*/ 7#99/+/.0/ #. (*/ 8B/+&55 (+/.7$ &$ $(&(/7 &D8B/2 (*/ &5580&(#8. 89 $4D$#7#/$ 89(*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ %&$ &5$8 &( B&+#&.0/C <*/ JH *&7 #.0+/&$/7 #($ $A/.7#.3 8. (*/$4D$#7#/$ /F/6A( 9+86 +/740(#8. 0866#(6/.($ B#>C2 UL+//. "8FW 6/&$4+/$2 _4#(/08.$#7/+&D51 74+#.3 (*/ 9#+$( (%8 1/&+$ 89 #6A5/6/.(&(#8.2 &.7 &$ & +/$45(2 UL+//. "8FW

$A/.7#.3 &0084.(/7 98+ &+84.7 hh A/+ 0/.( 89 #($ 786/$(#0 $4AA8+(C -. (*/ $4D$/_4/.(1/&+$2 *8%/B/+2 (*/ $*&+/ 89 UL+//. "8FW $A/.7#.3 0&6/ 78%. (8 &D84( b\ A/+ 0/.( 89(*/ (8(&5 786/$(#0 $4AA8+(C -. 0&$/ 89 (*/ OJ2 (*/ $*&+/ 89 U/F/6A(W $4D$#7#/$2 #C/CUL+//.W &.7 U"54/W "8F/$ A4( (83/(*/+2 %/.( 4A 9+86 ./&+51 ]] A/+ 0/.( #. MZZf (8 68+/(*&. f\ A/+ 0/.( P\\MC <*#$2 #. 8(*/+ %8+7$2 #6A5#/$ (*&( D8(* (*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ *&7

M[ <*/ 7/0+/&$/ %&$ $(//A/+ #. 7855&+ (/+6$ D/0&4$/ 89 7/A+/0#&(#8. 89 (*/ O4+8C -. (/+6$ 89 (*/ O4+82 (*/OJ +/740/7 #($ 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( D1 & 6/+/ [ A/+ 0/.( D/(%//. MZZf &.7 MZZZC

Page 7: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 7/42

  b

08.$#7/+&D5/ 95/F#D#5#(1 #. (*/#+ 4$/ 89 A+8740(#8. +/5&(/7 $4D$#7#/$ #. (*/ ;<= D/0&4$/89 (*/ *#3* A+8A8+(#8. 89 (*/ $4D$#7#/$ (*&( &+/ .8( $4D'/0(/7 (8 +/740(#8. 0866#(6/.($C

<*/ 5&+3/ B8546/$ 89 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 3+&.(/7 D1 (*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ *&B/ (%8#.(/+/$(#.3 7#6/.$#8.$C <*/ 9#+$( #$ (*/ /F(+/6/51 *#3* 5/B/5$ 89 $4D$#7#/$ (*&( 9&+6/+$ #.(*/$/ 084.(+#/$ /.'81 B#$IkIB#$ &$ 086A&+/7 (8 (*/#+ 084.(/+A&+($ #. (*/ 7/B/58A#.3

084.(+#/$C <*/ $/08.7 #$ (*/ 9&0( (*&( (*/$/ 084.(+#/$ *&B/ /F/+0#$/7 08.$#7/+&D5/95/F#D#5#(1 #. (*/ 3+&.(#.3 89 $4D$#7#/$2 %#(* & B#/% (8 /.*&.0#.3 (*/#+ 6&+:/( 786#.&.0/C

<*/ 95/F#D#5#(1 (*&( (*/ 084.(+#/$ 785#.3 84( 5&+3/ B8546/$ 89 $4D$#7#/$ *&B/ 4.7/+ (*/G8G &AA/&+$ #. (*/ 68$( $(+#:#.3 6&../+ #. 0&$/ 89 A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+(C <*/$/084.(+#/$ D/./9#(/7 #. (%8 %&1$C =./2 (*/1 %/+/ 08457 7/05&+/ &558%/7 (8 #.0547/ A+8740($A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( #. (*/ G33+/3&(/ T/&$4+/ 89 H4AA8+( ?GTH@ #. &33+/3&(/ (/+6$2 &.7(%82 (*/1 08457 /F0547/ A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( (*&( %&$ D/58% (*/ !" $%&%$%' 5/B/5 89$A/.7#.3M] 9+86 (*/ GTHC <*/ #6A5#0&(#8.$ 89 (*/$/ 95/F#D#5#(#/$ &+/ /540#7&(/7 D/58%C

<*/ 95/F#D#5#(1 A+8B#7/7 D1 (*/ G8G (*&( A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( %&$ (8 D/ 7/05&+/7 #.&33+/3&(/ (/+6$ %&$ 4$/7 (8 3887 /99/0( D1 (*/ JH (8 (&+3/( (*/ 4$/ 89 $4D$#7#$/$ 8.

 A+8740($ #. %*#0* (*/1 *&7 $4D$(&.(#&5 /FA8+( #.(/+/$($C Q+8740/+$ 89 984+ 086687#(#/$ #.%*#0* (*/ 084.(+1 *&$ (*/ 5&+3/$( $*&+/ #. (*/ (8(&5 /FA8+($2 B#>C 08+.2 08((8.2 $81D/&.$&.7 %*/&(2 D/./9#(/7 9+86 B/+1 5&+3/ #.0+/&$/$ #. 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( &9(/+ MZZbC <*#$ %&$ A&+(#045&+51 /B#7/.( #. 08+. &.7 $81D/&.$2 086687#(#/$ #. %*#0* (*/ $*&+/ 89 JH #. (*/(8(&5 358D&5 /FA8+($ /F0//7/7 f\ A/+ 0/.( #. (*/ 5&(/IMZZ\$` (*/ #.0+/&$/$ #. 786/$(#0$4AA8+( D/(%//. MZZf &.7 P\\\ %/+/ ./&+51 hf\\ A/+ 0/.( &.7 PP\\\ A/+ 0/.(+/$A/0(#B/51MfC H4AA8+( 98+ $81D/&.$ 08.(#.4/7 (8 #.0+/&$/ #. (*/ 98558%#.3 1/&+2 %*#5/(*&( 98+ 08+. 7/05#./7 D1 8B/+ f\ A/+ 0/.(C

<*/ 5&+3/$( A+8A8+(#8.&(/ #.0+/&$/ #. 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 74+#.3 (*/ $/08.7 *&59 89 (*/MZZ\$ %&$ %#(./$$/7 #. 0&$/ 89 %*/&(2 & 086687#(1 #. %*#0* (*/ JH #$ (*/ $/08.7 5&+3/$( A+8740/+ *&B#.3 & Pf A/+ 0/.( $*&+/ 89 358D&5 (+&7/C H4AA8+( 98+ %*/&( #.0+/&$/7 9+86 '4$(

5/$$ (*&. JHi f 6#55#8. #. MZZf (8 ./&+51 JHi Zb] 6#55#8. #. MZZZC H4D$/_4/.(512*8%/B/+2 $4AA8+( 98+ %*/&( %&$ +/740/7 (8 D/58% JH i P\\ 6#55#8.C

-. 0&$/ 89 08((8.2 A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( #.0+/&$/7 9+86 '4$( 8B/+ JH i[P 6#55#8. (8 PCh D#55#8. #. P\\MC "/$#7/$2 (*/ 086687#(#/$ 6/.(#8./7 &D8B/2 A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+(3+&.(/7 (8 +#0/2 & 086687#(1 #. %*#0* JH *&$ $(&+(/7 (8 /6/+3/ &$ & 5/&7#.3 /FA8+(/+2%/.( 4A 9+86 JH iMMCY 6#55#8. #. MZZf (8 JH ibY[ 6#55#8. #. P\\MC

-. 0&$/ 89 (*/ OJ2 (*/ A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( %&$ &( *#3* 5/B/5$ 98+ & +&.3/ 89 A+8740($2%*#0* #.0547/7 D//92 $43&+2 D4((/+ &.7 %*/&(2 /B/+ $#.0/ (*/ G8G 7#$0#A5#./ %&$#.(+8740/7C -. &55 (*/$/ A+8740($2 *8%/B/+2 A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( 7/05#./7 #. (/+6$ 89JH 7855&+ D/(%//. MZZf &.7 MZZZMYC "//9 +/0/#B/7 A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( 89 JH i M\

 D#55#8. #. P\\\XP\\M2 &.7 (*#$ *#3* 5/B/5 89 $4AA8+( %&$ +/08+7/7 &9(/+ (*/ 5/B/5 89 $4AA8+(

M]H// G../F 98+ 7/(&#5$CMf-. (/+6$ 89 JH 7855&+$2 (*/ #.0+/&$/ #. A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( 98+ 08+. %&$ 9+86 JH i [P 6#55#8. #. MZZf(8 JH i PCh D#55#8. #. P\\\2 %*#5/ #. 0&$/ 89 $81D/&.$ (*/ 08++/$A8.7#.3 9#34+/$ %/+/ JH i MY 6#55#8. &.7JH i [CY D#55#8. #. P\\MCMY  -. (%8 89 (*/$/ A+8740($2 B#>C %*/&( &.7 D4((/+2 (*/ A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( %/.( 4A #. (/+6$ 89 (*/O4+8$C

Page 8: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 8/42

  h

/F(/.7/7 #. MZZf %&$ +/740/7 D1 &568$( ]] A/+ 0/.(C N8%/B/+2 #. (/+6$ 89 O4+8$ $4AA8+(98+ D//9 7/05#./7 D1 5/$$ (*&. P\ A/+ 0/.(C H43&+2 %*#0* %&$ (*/ 5&+3/$( +/0#A#/.( 89 A+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( &9(/+ D//92 &5$8 $&% & 7/05#./ #. (*/ 5/B/5 89 $4AA8+(2 &5(*843* (*/5/B/5 89 +/740(#8. %&$ 640* 5/$$ #. A+8A8+(#8.&(/ (/+6$ &$ 086A&+/7 (8 D//9C H4AA8+( 98+7&#+1 A+8740($ $*8%/7 6#F/7 (/.7/.0#/$2 %#(* D4((/+ +/3#$(/+#.3 &. #.0+/&$/ 89 68+/ (*&.

f A/+ 0/.( #. (/+6$ 89 O4+8$2 %*#5/ 98+ $:#66/7 6#5: A8%7/+ & 7/0+/&$/ 89 &568$( Mb A/+0/.( %&$ +/3#$(/+/7C

<*/ OJ #.0+/&$/7 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 98+ 08668. %*/&( D1 OJK f\\ 6#55#8.2 (*/ 5&+3/$(#.0+/&$/ 98+ &.1 $#.35/ 0+8A #. &D$854(/ (/+6$2 D/(%//. MZZfXZY &.7 MZZhXZZC <*#$ %8+:$84( (8 &. #.0+/&$/ 89 P\ A/+ 0/.( $#.0/ (*#$ ;<= 6/6D/+ $(&+(/7 6//(#.3 #($0866#(6/.($ 4.7/+ (*/ G8GC )86/$(#0 $4AA8+( /F(/.7/7 (8 6&#>/ #.0+/&$/7 D1 ./&+51Ph A/+ 0/.( 74+#.3 MZZfXZY (8 MZZZXP\\\ #. (/+6$ 89 O4+8$C -. D8(* (*/ 086687#(#/$+/9/++/7 (8 &D8B/2 A+86#./.( 6/6D/+$ 89 (*/ R8664.#(12 #.0547#.3 E+&.0/ &.7L/+6&.12 *&B/ 5&+3/ (+&7#.3 #.(/+/$($C N8%/B/+2 74+#.3 P\\\XP\\M2 (*/ 5/B/5$ 89 $4AA8+(98+ D8(* (*/$/ 086687#(#/$ %/+/ +/740/7C

-( 6&1 D/ %8+(* 7%/55#.3 8. (*/ 08.$/_4/.0/$ 89 (*/ #.0+/&$/$ #. $4D$#7#/$C )&(&&B&#5&D5/ 9+86 (*/ JH $*8% (*&( (*/ A+8740/+$ 89 (*/ $4D$#7#$/7 0+8A$ *&B/ D//. &D5/ (8$/55 (*/#+ A+8740/ %/55 D/58% (*/ /08.86#0 08$($ 89 A+8740(#8. &$ %/55 &$ (*/#.(/+.&(#8.&5 A+#0/$C <*/ $4D$#7#/$ *&B/ (*4$ A+8B#7/7 (*/ JH A+8740/+$ (%8 $/($ 89 D/./9#($C E#+$(2 %#(* JH 786/$(#0 A+#0/$ $(&1#.3 D/58% (*/ #.(/+.&(#8.&5 A+#0/$ 98+ (*/$4D$#7#$/7 0+8A$2 (*/ JH A+8740/+$ *&B/ D//. A+8B#7/7 A+8(/0(#8. 9+86 (*/ 086A/(#(8+$%*8 %8457 D/ $/55#.3 8.51 &( (*/ #.(/+.&(#8.&5 A+#0/$C H/08.7512 JH A+8740/+$ 084577#$A8$/ 899 (*/#+ A+8740/ &( A+#0/$ 58%/+ (*&. (*/ #.(/+.&(#8.&5 A+#0/$2 (*4$ 3&#.#.3 4.9&#+&7B&.(&3/ 8B/+ (*/#+ 086A/(#(8+$C <*#$ A*/.86/.8. *&$ D//. 0&A(4+/7 #. R*&+($ M &.7 P%*/+/ %*/&( &.7 +#0/ *&B/ D//. 4$/7 &$ /F&6A5/$C

<*/ $/08.7 95/F#D#5#(12 8./ (*&( &558%/7 /F054$#8. 89 $4D$#7#/$ D/58% (*/ !" $%&%$%' 

5/B/5$ 9+86 D/#.3 #.0547/7 #. (*/ GTH2 &558%/7 (*/ JH (8 /F0547/ 68+/ (*&. JH i b D#55#8. 89 (+&7/ 7#$(8+(#.3 $4AA8+( 9+86 #($ (8(&5 GTH D/(%//. MZZZ &.7 P\\M ?(*/08++/$A8.7#.3 9#34+/ 98+ (*/ OJ %&$ D/(%//. OJK MIP D#55#8.@C -. (*/ 1/&+ P\\M2 (*/ !"$%&%$%' $A/.7#.3 %&$ &$ 640* &$ [P A/+ 0/.( 89 (*/ G6D/+ "8F $4D$#7/$ (*&( (*/ JH *&7 A+8B#7/7 ?G../F <&D5/ MP@C

<*/ &D8B/ 7#$04$$#8. #.7#0&(/$ (*&( (*/ (%8 786#.&.( A5&1/+$ #. (*/ 358D&5 6&+:/( 98+&3+#045(4+&5 086687#(#/$ %/+/ (&+3/(#.3 $4D$#7#/$ #. & 6&../+ (*&( A+8B#7/7 (*/6 %#(*&77#(#8.&5 &7B&.(&3/ 74+#.3 & A*&$/ %*/. 6&+:/($ *&B/ D//. 8A/.#.3 #. 6&.17/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$C H/B/+&5 084.(+#/$ #. -.7#&a$ ./#3*D84+*887 *&B/ 984.7 #( 7#99#045((8 A+8(/0( (*/#+ 6&+:/($ 9+86 D/#.3 A/./(+&(/7 D1 0*/&A #6A8+($2 A&+(#045&+51 9+86 (*/JHMbC )/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ *&B/ _4#(/ '4$(#9#&D51 &+34/7 #. (*/ 8.I38#.3 ./38(#&(#8.$ #.

(*/ )8*& K84.7 (*&( (*/ 7/B/58A/7 084.(+1 $4D$#7#/$ 64$( 4.7/+38 7+&$(#0 +/740(#8. D/98+/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+1 (&+#99$ &+/ +/740/7C <*#$ 7#6/.$#8. %8457 D/ 7#$04$$/7 #.7/(&#5 #. & 5&(/+ $/0(#8.C

Mb <%8 89 (*/ 68$( A+86#./.( 0&$/$ &+/ -.78./$#& &.7 (*/ Q*#5#AA#./$C ;*#5/ (*/ 98+6/+a$ $(+8.3 A&771/08.861 *&$ B#+(4&551 0855&A$/7 $#.0/ (*/ 786/$(#0 A+8740/+$ %/+/ 4.&D5/ (8 086A/(/ %#(* (*/ 0*/&A#6A8+($2 (*/ 08+. A+8740/+$ #. (*/ Q*#5#AA#./$ *&B/ 9&0/7 $#6#5&+ A+8D5/6$C

Page 9: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 9/42

  Z

!,+'E5$5 ;D (.) 3<6')<),(+($;, ;D :;<<$(<),(5 #)'+($," (; AB6;#( :;<6)($($;,

)#$0#A5#./$ #. (*/ &+/& 89 /FA8+( 086A/(#(#8. %/+/ #.(/.7/7 (8 /.$4+/ (*&( ;<= T/6D/+$&+/ A+/B/.(/7 9+86 (&:#.3 +/084+$/ (8 6/0*&.#$6$ 98+ 7#$A8$#.3 899 (*/#+ $4+A54$/$ #. (*/#.(/+.&(#8.&5 6&+:/(C G008+7#.3512 (*/ G8G A+#.0#A&551 588:$ &( (*+// #$$4/$ 4.7/+ (*/+4D+#0 89 /FA8+( 086A/(#(#8.C <*/$/ &+/^ ?#@ /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$2 ?##@ #.(/+.&(#8.&5 9887 &#7

&.7 ?###@ /FA8+( 0+/7#( &.7 34&+&.(//$C <*/ G8G2 &( A+/$/.(2 A+8B#7/$ 05/&+ 7#$0#A5#./$ #.+/$A/0( 89 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$2 %*#5/ (*/ 7#$0#A5#./$ #. +/$A/0( 89 (*/ 8(*/+ (%8 7#6/.$#8.$ 89/FA8+( 086A/(#(#8. &+/ .8( 08B/+/7 D1 &. /99/0(#B/ 7#$0#A5#./C <*#$ *&$ +/$45(/7 #. $/B/+&5 A+8D5/6$2 %*#0* &+/ /.46/+&(/7 D/58%C

)&(& 8. /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ A+/$/.(/7 #. G../F <&D5/$ M] &.7 Mf 98+ (*/ (%8 5&+3/$( A5&1/+$#. (*/ 358D&5 &3+#045(4+&5 (+&7/ $*8% (*&( (*/ OJ *&$ 4$/7 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ +/5&(#B/51 68+//F(/.$#B/51 (8 3&#. &77#(#8.&5 6&+:/( &00/$$ #. &3+#045(4+&5 086687#(#/$ &$ 086A&+/7 (8(*/ JHC N8%/B/+2 %*#5/ (*/ OJ *&$ 7/0+/&$/7 (*/ 4$/ 89 #($ /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ D1 68+/(*&. Y\ A/+ 0/.( 74+#.3 MZZfIZY &.7 P\\\I\M2 (*/ JH *&$ #.0+/&$/7 (*#$ 98+6 89$4D$#7#/$C <*/ 5&((/+ (&+3/(/7 (*/ 4$/ 89 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ #. +/$A/0( 89 (*+// A+8740($2 B#>C A845(+1 6/&(2 $:#6 6#5: A8%7/+ &.7 0*//$/2 %*#0* %/.( 4A 9+86 JH i Ph2\\\ #. MZZf (8JH i Mf 6#55#8. #. P\\\C <*/ %#7/ 9540(4&(#8.$ #. (*/ 4$/ 89 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ 98+ /&0* 89(*/ A+8740($ %/+/ (*/ 08668. 9/&(4+/C <*4$2 (*/ $4D$#7#/$ 8. $:#66/7 6#5: A8%7/+B&+#/7 D/(%//. ./&+51 JH i Mb2\\\ &.7 JH i M[[ 6#55#8.2 3+&.(/7 98+ A845(+1 6/&( %&$ D/(%//. >/+8 &.7 JH i Y 6#55#8.C <*#$ #6A5#/$ (*&( (*/ 4$/ 89 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$ D1 (*/ JH*&7 (*/ A8(/.(#&5 (8 0&4$/ B/+1 5&+3/ 4.0/+(&#.(#/$ #. (*/ #.(/+.&(#8.&5 6&+:/($ $#.0/ (*/$4+A54$ (*&( #( %&$ 7#$A8$#.3 B&+#/7 _4#(/ 08.$#7/+&D51 &0+8$$ 1/&+$C

H4+A54$ 7#$A8$&5 *&7 D/086/ &. /&$1 8A(#8. 98+ (*/ ;<= T/6D/+$ #. (*/ &D$/.0/ 89 &./99/0(#B/ 7#$0#A5#./ 8. 9887 &#7C )&(& A+/$/.(/7 #. G../F <&D5/ MY $*8%$ (*/ /F(/.( (8%*#0* (*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ %/+/ 4$#.3 9887 &#7C <*/ JH 4$/7 9887 &#7 &$ &. #.$(+46/.( 98+7#$A8$#.3 899 #($ 9&+6 84(A4( 68$( /F(/.$#B/51C E887 &#7 #. (*/ 98+6 89 %*/&(2 +#0/ &.7

B/3/(&D5/ 8#5$ #.0+/&$/7 $4D$(&.(#&551 74+#.3 (*/ A/+#87 MZZf (8 MZZZC G5(*843* %*/&(%&$ (*/ 5&+3/$( 086A8./.( 89 9887 &#7 (*+843*84( (*/ A/+#872 +#0/ &.7 B/3/(&D5/ 8#5$3#B/. 84( &$ 9887 &#7 +/3#$(/+/7 (*/ $*&+A/$( #.0+/&$/$ 8B/+ (*/ A/+#87C N8%/B/+2 #( #$ (*/%#7/ 9540(4&(#8.$ #. (*/ 3+&.( 89 9887 &#7 (*&( (*/ JH 7#$A5&1$ %*#0* #$ (*/ 6&'8+ $84+0/89 A+8D5/6 98+ (*/ 6&+:/($C E887 &#7 3+&.(/7 #. (*/ 98+6 89 %*/&( 9540(4&(/7 D/(%//. MCf6#55#8. (8../$ (8 fC[ 6#55#8. (8../$C <*#$ (+/.7 #. +#$#.3 9887 &#7 *&$ D//. 6&#.(&#./7 #.(*/ $4D$/_4/.( 1/&+$ &$ %/55 3#B/. (*&( (*/ JH)G *&7 08.(#.4/7 (8 #.0+/&$/ &5580&(#8.$98+ (*/$/ &0(#B#(#/$ ?G../F <&D5/ Mb@C

G .46D/+ 89 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ *&B/ 0*&55/.3/7 (*/ A8$#(#8. */57 D1 $86/ 89 (*/#.74$(+#&5#>/7 084.(+#/$ (*&( $4D$#7#>/7 /FA8+($ 89 9887 3+&#.$ &+/ D/./9#0#&5 (8 (*/ ./(9887I#6A8+(#.3 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ ?SE-)R$@2 $#.0/ (*/ D/./9#0#&+#/$ *&B/ &00/$$ (8

0*/&A #6A8+($MhC <*/$/ 084.(+#/$ *&B/ &+34/7 (*&( (+&7/ A+868(#8. (*+843* /FA8+($4D$#7#/$ 0&4$/$ #.0+/&$#.3 9887 #.$/04+#(1 #. 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$C <*#$ &+346/.(2&008+7#.3 (8 (*/ 084.(+#/$ A+/$/.(#.3 (*#$ B#/%A8#.(2 #$ 9&55&0#84$2 &$ */&B1 7/A/.7/.0/8. #6A8+($ 89 $4D$#7#>/7 9887 0&. 0&4$/ $/+#84$ 9#.&.0#&5 7#99#045(#/$ 74/ (8 & 68+/B45./+&D5/ D&5&.0/I89IA&16/.($ $#(4&(#8.2 +/3&+75/$$ 89 (*/ A+#0/ 89 9887C <*/$/

Mh H// 98+ #.$(&.0/ ;<=C P\\\&C

Page 10: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 10/42

  M\

084.(+#/$ *&B/ &+34/7 (*&( /99/0(#B/ $854(#8.$ (8 (*/ 9887 $/04+#(1 A+8D5/6 89 SE-)R$0&. D/ &0*#/B/7 8.51 #9 (*/ 786/$(#0 A+8740(#8. 0&A&0#(#/$ &+/ $(+/.3(*/./7 #. (*/ #6A8+(I7/A/.7/.( 084.(+#/$C E8+ (*#$ (8 *&AA/.2 A&+&3+&A* [?###@ 89 (*/ lT#.#$(/+#&5 )/0#$#8. 8.T/&$4+/$ R8.0/+.#.3 (*/ Q8$$#D5/ S/3&(#B/ O99/0($ 89 (*/ K/98+6 Q+83+&66/ 8. V/&$(I)/B/58A/7 &.7 (*/ S/( E887 -6A8+(#.3 )/B/58A#.3 R84.(+#/$a *&B/ (8 D/ A4( #.(8 /99/0(C

<*/ A&+&3+&A* #. _4/$(#8. #.$(+40($ ;<= 6/6D/+ 084.(+#/$ (8 9&0#5#(&(/ (/0*.#0&5 &.79#.&.0#&5 &$$#$(&.0/ (8 (*/ 5/&$( 7/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$ ?V)R$@ &.7 SE-)R$ $8 &$ (8l#6A+8B/ (*/#+ &3+#045(4+&5 A+8740(#B#(1 &.7 #.9+&$(+40(4+/aC

-( *&$ D//. A8#.(/7 84( (*&( (*/ 9887 &#7 6/0*&.#$6 6&#.51 A+8(/0($ (*/ #66/7#&(/8D'/0(#B/$ 89 (*/ 78.8+ 084.(+#/$ %*#5/ #3.8+#.3 (*/ 58.3/+ (/+6 #.(/+/$($ 89 (*/ +/0#A#/.(084.(+#/$C <*4$2 9887 &#7 6&1 &7B/+$/51 &99/0( (*/ #.0/.(#B/ (8 0&++1 84( (*/ A85#0#/$ (*&(%8457 98$(/+ &3+#045(4+&5 7/B/58A6/.( #. (*/ +/0#A#/.( 084.(+#/$C <*/ #.&D#5#(1 89084.(+#/$ (8 +/740/ (*/#+ 9887 #.$/04+#(1 08457 #. 9&0( D/ &((+#D4(/7 (8 (*/ #.(/+.&(#8.&59887 &#7 6/0*&.#$6$MZC

GA&+( 9+86 9887 &#7 (*/+/ #$ &.8(*/+ #.(/+/$(#.3 &$A/0( 89 JH 98+/#3. (+&7/ A85#01 %*#0*#$ &#6/7 &( A+868(#.3 /FA8+($C G$ A/+ (*/ G8G 8.51 (*/ 94.7#.3 &.7 $08A/ 89 7#+/0($4D$#71 A+83+&6$ &+/ $4D'/0(/7 (8 (*/ 5#6#($ &.7 (*/+/98+/ (*/ /FA8+( 0+/7#( &.7 0+/7#(34&+&.(// A+83+&6 %*#0* #$ &. #6A8+(&.( &+/& .//7 (8 D/ 3#B/. 68+/ &((/.(#8. $//6$ (8 D/ ./35/0(/7 8+ 4.7/+/$(#6&(/7C

<*/ OFA8+( R+/7#( &.7 OFA8+( R+/7#( L4&+&.(// Q+83+&6 A+8B#7/ $4AA8+( 98+ &3+#045(4+&5/FA8+($ (8 8(*/+ 084.(+#/$ (*843* (*/ A+8B#$#8.$ 89 0+/7#( 34&+&.(//$ (8 #6A8+(/+$ %*8$//: 7/9/+ A&16/.($ 98+ (*/ 3887$ +/0/#B/7C <*/ 0+/7#( A+8B#7/7 D1 (*/ /FA8+(/+ 8+ (*/(*#+7 A&+(1 (*4$ D88$($ /FA8+($ D1 0+/&(#.3 68+/ #.0/.(#B/ 98+ (*/ #6A8+(#.3 084.(+1 (8#6A8+(C GB&#5&D5/ 7&(& $*8% (*&( 058$/ (8 i[] D#55#8. #. &3+#045(4+&5 /FA8+($ *&B/ (&:/. A5&0/ 9+86 (*/ JH 74+#.3 MZZ[IP\\P %*#0* *&B/ D//. 08B/+/7 4.7/+ /FA8+( 0+/7#(34&+&.(// A+83+&6P\C

<%8 #$$4/$ .//7 (8 D/ A8#.(/7 84( #. (*/ 08.(/F( 89 (*/ 7#$04$$#8.$ #. (*/ 98+/38#.3C <*/9#+$( #$ (*&( (*/ 6&'8+ A5&1/+$ *&B/ (&:/. +/084+$/ (8 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 98+ A+8B#7#.3 (*/#+ 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

=+#>)( !%%)55 :;<<$(<),(5

G$ #. (*/ 0&$/ 89 (*/ $4D$#7#/$ 7#$0#A5#./2 (*/ 6&+:/( &00/$$ 0866#(6/.($ (&:/. D1084.(+#/$ #. (*/ &3+#045(4+&5 $/0(8+ +/A+/$/.( & 08.$#7/+&D5/ 7/3+// 89 B&+#&(#8. &0+8$$084.(+#/$C G5(*843* (*/ J+434&1 K84.7 ./38(#&(#8.$ (88: & 6&'8+ $(/A (8 +/#. #. (*/(&+#99$2 #( +/6&#.$ 8.51 &$ $6&55 9#+$( $(/A &$ $*&55 D/ /FA5&#./7 D/58%C

MZ H// N499 &.7 m#6/./>C P\\[ &.7 "&++/(( &.7 T&F%/55C P\\]CP\ =F9&6C P\\[C

Page 11: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 11/42

  MM

<*/+/ &+/ (%8 +/&$8.$ 98+ (*#$ $#(4&(#8.C <*/ 9#+$( #$ (*&( (&+#99$ #. &3+#045(4+&5 $/0(8+ *&B/+/6&#./7 &( +/5&(#B/51 *#3* 5/B/5$ #. 6&.1 ;<= T/6D/+$2 /B/. &9(/+ (*/ /.98+0/6/.( 89(*/ G8G 7#$0#A5#./C <*/ $/08.7 9&0(8+ +/5&(/$ (8 (*/ #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (*/ (&+#99 +&(/_48(&$2 %*#0* *&$ D//. & A+8D5/6 &+/& &$ 9&+ &$ (*/ G8G 7#$0#A5#./ #$ 08.0/+./7C

0+#$DD5

G( 5/&$( (*+// 08.0/+.$ +/3&+7#.3 (*/ (&+#99 $(+40(4+/$ (*&( *&B/ /6/+3/7 &9(/+ (*/ J+434&1K84.7 ./38(#&(#8.$ .//7 (8 D/ 95&33/7C <*/$/ &+/^ ?#@ /F#$(/.0/ 89 (&+#99 A/&:$2 ?##@ (&+#99/$0&5&(#8. &.7 ?###@ (*/ 4$/ 89 .8.I&7 B&58+/6 (&+#99$C <*/ 5&$( 6/.(#8./7 *&$ & A&+(#045&+#.954/.0/ 8. 6&+:/( &00/$$ A+8$A/0($ 74/ (8 #($ #.*/+/.( .8.I(+&.$A&+/.( .&(4+/C <*/98558%#.3 7#$04$$#8. A+8B#7/$ (*/ 7/(&#5$C

-. +/$A/0( 89 (*/ D84.7 (&+#99$2 (*/ A+8D5/6 89 A/&:$ $//6$ & D#33/+ A+8D5/6 #. 0&$/ 89(*/ &7B&.0/7 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$C H84(* G9+#0&a$ (&+#99 A/&: 89 fZb A/+ 0/.( &.7 -.7#&a$[\\ A/+ 0/.( +/$45(/7 #. &. &B/+&3/ 89 (*/ A/&:$ 89 68+/ (*&. PM\ A/+ 0/.( 98+ (*/$/084.(+#/$2 %*#0* %&$ 640* &D8B/ (*/ Mbb A/+ 0/.( 8D$/+B/7 98+ (*/ =OR) 084.(+#/$C<*#$ #$ .8(%#(*$(&.7#.3 (*/ 9&0( (*&( n8+/& *&7 & D84.7 (&+#99 89 hhb A/+ 0/.(2 %*#5/ (*/

JH &.7 R&.&7& *&7 6&F#646 D84.7 (&+#99$ 89 [f\ A/+ 0/.( &.7 P[h A/+ 0/.( +/$A/0(#B/51?G../F <&D5/$ MhIPM@C -( #$ #.(/+/$(#.3 (8 .8(/ #. (*#$ 08.(/F( (*&( #. 68$( =OR)084.(+#/$ &B/+&3/ &3+#045(4+&5 (&+#99$ &+/ *#3*/+ (*&. .8.I&3+#045(4+&5 (&+#99$2 %#(* +&(/$ 8.$86/ &3+#045(4+&5 A+8740($ /F0//7#.3 f\\ A/+ 0/.(PMC

N8%/B/+ #. 0&$/ 89 &AA5#/7 (&+#99$2 (*/ &B/+&3/ 89 (*/ A/&:$ 98+ (*/ =OR) 084.(+#/$ %&$08.$#7/+&D51 *#3*/+C Q/&: (&+#99$ +/(&#./7 D1 n8+/&2 Q85&.7 &.7 S8+%&12 D/$#7/$ (*/ JH&.7 R&.&7& #.954/.0/7 (*/ *#3* &B/+&3/ A/&: 98+ (*#$ $/( 89 084.(+#/$ &$ 086A&+/7 (8 (*/&7B&.0/7 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$C

<&+#99 /$0&5&(#8. $//6$ (8 D/ A+8D5/6 (*&( /F#$($ &0+8$$ ;<= 6/6D/+$2 #++/$A/0(#B/ 89(*/#+ $(&3/ 89 7/B/58A6/.(PPC <*#$ 8D$/+B&(#8. 0&. D/ 6&7/ D1 588:#.3 &( (*/ 5/B/5$ 89

(&+#99 A+8(/0(#8. (*&( 084.(+#/$ A+8B#7/ (8 A+8740($ &$ (*/1 38 4A (*/ A+80/$$#.3 0*&#.C<*4$2 %*#5/ 98+ (*/ S8+(* G6/+#0&. 084.(+#/$ (&+#99 /$0&5&(#8. %&$ 8D$/+B/7 #. &.#6&5&.7 &.#6&5 A+8740($2 B/3/(&D5/ &.7 B/3/(&D5/ A+8740($2 $43&+ &.7 $%//(/./+$ &.7 (8D&008&.7 (8D&008 A+8740($2 98+ (*/ H84(* G$#&. 084.(+#/$2 3+&#.$ &.7 3+&#. A+8740($ &.7 8#5$//7$ &.7 A+8740($ (*/+/89 &+/ (*/ (%8 68$( &99/0(/7 3+84A$ #. (/+6$ 89 (&+#99 /$0&5&(#8.CG$ +/3&+7$ (*/ A+8740( 3+84A$ (*&( %/+/ 68$( &99/0(/7 D/0&4$/ 89 (&+#99 /$0&5&(#8.$2 6/&(&.7 6/&( A+8740($ &.7 3+&#.$ &.7 3+&#. A+8740($ %/+/ &68.3 (*/ 68+/ A+86#./.(C

-( *&$ D//. 8D$/+B/7 (*&( (*/ $(+40(4+/ 89 &3+#045(4+&5 (&+#99$ *&$ D/086/ 68+/ 086A5/F2/$A/0#&551 #. (*/ 0&$/ 89 (*/ 7/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$2 D/0&4$/ 89 &. #.0+/&$/ #. (*/ .46D/+ 89(&+#99 5#./$ (8 &0086687&(/ 7#99/+/.( (&+#99$ &AA5#0&D5/ (8 (*/ $&6/ A+8740(2 $40* &$$/&$8.&52 #.I_48(& &.7 &D8B/I_48(& (&+#99$2 &.7 (*/ 68+/ 9+/_4/.( 4$/ 89 .8.I&7 B&58+/6

(&+#99$P[C S8.I&7 B&58+/6 (&+#99$ %/+/ 4$/7 (8 08.0/&5 (*/ *#3* (&+#99$ 6&#.(&#./7 D1084.(+#/$ 4$#.3 (*/6C <*4$2 98+ (*/ JH2 (*/ &7 B&58+/6 /_4#B&5/.( 89 .8.I&7 B&58+/6(&+#99$ %&$ 984.7 (8 D/ D84.7 &( & 5/B/5 &$ *#3* &$ ]]\ A/+ 0/.(2 %*#5/ (*/ 6&F#646 (&+#99

PM =OR) P\\MCPP<&+#99 D#.7#.3$ %/+/ (&:/. 98+ (*/ /F/+0#$/C E8+ 7/(&#5$ $// JH)G2 Q+89#5/$ 89 <&+#99$ #. L58D&5G3+#045(4+&5 T&+:/($2 GOKIbZYCP[ JSR<G) MZZZC

Page 12: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 12/42

  MP

 D#.7#.3 #. &7 B&58+/6 (/+6$ %&$ MZ[ A/+ 0/.(C -. 0&$/ 89 (*/ OJ2 (*/ 08++/$A8.7#.39#34+/$ %/+/ ]\h A/+ 0/.( &.7 MMb A/+ 0/.( +/$A/0(#B/51C G../F <&D5/$ PP &.7 P[086A&+/ (*/ (&+#99 D#.7#.3$ #. +/$A/0( 89 (*/ &7 B&58+/6 &.7 .8.I&7 B&58+/6 (&+#99$ 98+(*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJC

G../F <&D5/ P] $*8%$ (*/ 4$/ 89 .8.I&7 B&58+/6 (&+#99$ #. +/$A/0( 89 &3+#045(4+&5

 A+8740($ 98+ & $/5/0( $/( 89 ;<= T/6D/+ 084.(+#/$C -( #$ #.(/+/$(#.3 (8 .8(/ (*&( 68$( 89(*/ 084.(+#/$ *&B#.3 B/+1 5&+3/ +/5#&.0/ 8. .8.I&7 B&58+/6 (&+#99$ &+/ 9+86 (*/ 7/B/58A/7%8+57C -. 9&0(2 (*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ 4$/ .8.I&7 B&58+/6 (&+#99$ #. '4$( 5/$$ (*&. *&59 89 (*/(8(&5 &3+#045(4+&5 (&+#99 5#./$2 %*#5/ #. 0&$/ 89 H%#(>/+5&.7 hZ A/+ 0/.( 89 (*/ &3+#045(4+&5(&+#99 5#./$ *&B/ .8.I&7 B&58+/6 (&+#99$C <*/+/ &+/ & .46D/+ 89 +/&$8.$ 98+ (*/ 4$/ 89 .8.&7IB&58+/6 (&+#99$C <*/$/ #.0547/ (*/ #.0+/&$/7 A+8(/0(#8. (*&( & .8.I&7 B&58+/6 (&F 0&. A+8B#7/ &3&#.$( 5&+3/ 7+8A$ #. #6A8+( A+#0/$ &.7 (*/ 5&0: 89 (+&.$A&+/.01 &$$80#&(/7 %#(*(*/$/ +&(/$2 %*#0* */5A$ 08.0/&5 (*/ 5/B/5 89 A+8(/0(#8. D/#.3 A+8B#7/7P]C <*/ 4$/ 89 .8.I&7 B&58+/6 (&+#99$ *&$ D//. A8#.(/7 D1 $/B/+&5 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ &$ 8./ 89 (*/ :/1 A+8D5/6$ #. $/04+#.3 &77#(#8.&5 6&+:/( &00/$$ #. (*/ 6&'8+ 6&+:/($PfC

0+#$DD F+() G&;(+5

<*/ #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (*/ <Kg$ 74+#.3 MZZfIP\\\ +/B/&5/7 (*&( 084.(+#/$ +/$8+(/7 (8(%8 (1A/$ 89 <Kg &5580&(#8.$^ & 358D&5 <Kg 8+ & 084.(+1I$A/0#9#0 <KgC J.7/+ (*/ 358D&5<Kg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g$ %&$ 4$/7 D1 68$( 89 (*/ 6&'8+ #.74$(+#&5#$/7 084.(+#/$CN8%/B/+2 8.51 M\ 89 (*/ [b 084.(+#/$ (*&( 8A/./7 <Kg$ 98+ MZZf 8A(/7 (8 899/+ (*/

_48(&$ (8 $A/0#9#0 084.(+#/$C<*/ 68+/ 08.(+8B/+$#&5 &68.3 (*/ 6/(*87$ 89 #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 #6A8+( 5#0/.$#.3 A+8B#$#8.$ #$ (*/ 8./ (*&( #$ D&$/7 8. &40(#8.#.3C =./ 89 (*/ 6&'8+ 7#$&7B&.(&3/$ 89 (*/&40(#8.#.3 $1$(/6 $(/6$ 9+86 (*/ /&$/ %#(* %*#0* #( 0&. D/ 6&.#A45&(/7C Q+8740/+3+84A$ 0&. 08.0/#B&D51 A4+0*&$/ &55 8+ A&+( 89 (*/ &B&#5&D5/ 5#0/.0/$ %#(* (*/ #.(/.(#8. 89/.$4+#.3 (*&( #6A8+($ 78 .8( (&:/ A5&0/C

<*/ #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (*/ <Kg$ %&$ D/$/( %#(* (%8 $/($ 89 A+8D5/6$C <*/ 9#+$( &+#$/$9+86 (*/ 9&0( (*&( 084.(+#/$ %/+/ D//. (+&.$A&+/.( #. /$(&D5#$*#.3 (*/ D&$#$ 98+ (*/#+ _48(&0866#(6/.($C <*/ $/08.72 &.7 A8$$#D51 (*/ 68+/ $#3.#9#0&.(2 #$ (*/ 9&0( (*&( & $#>/&D5/ A+8A8+(#8. 89 (*/ _48(&$ +/6&#./7 4.9#55/7C E8+ &55 086687#(#/$ (&:/. (83/(*/+2 (*/

&B/+&3/ 9#55 +&(/ %&$ Y] A/+ 0/.( #. MZZf &.7 #. P\\\` #( *&7 9&55/. (8 ]] A/+ 0/.( ?G../F<&D5/ Pf@C G68.3 (*/ 6&'8+ 084.(+#/$ (*&( *&7 $*8%. (&+71 #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (*/ _48(&0866#(6/.($ %&$ (*/ JH 9+86 (*/ #.74$(+#&5#$/7 %8+57 &.7 T&5&1$#& &.7 <*&#5&.7 9+86(*/ 7/B/58A#.3 %8+57C

P] L#D$8. /(C &5C P\\MCPf H// 98+ #.$(&.0/ -.78./$#&a$ $(&(/6/.( (8 (*/ R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/2 ;<=C P\\\DC

Page 13: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 13/42

  M[

=./ 89 (*/ 9/&(4+/$ 89 (*/ #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (*/ <Kg$ #$ (*&( 4.9#55/7 _48(&$ %/+/ (*/5&+3/$( #. 0&$/ 89 086687#(#/$ #. %*#0* (*/ #6A8+(#.3 084.(+1 *&7 & $(+8.3 786/$(#0#.(/+/$(C -. MZZb2 98+ #.$(&.0/2 (*/ OJ 9#55/7 8.51 &D84( h A/+ 0/.( 89 #($ _48(&0866#(6/.( #. %*/&(2 %*#5/ <*&#5&.7 6/( \C\b A/+ 0/.( #($ _48(& 0866#(6/.( #. +#0/ PYCR8.$#7/+#.3 (*&( #. $/B/+&5 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$2 #.0547#.3 (*/ Q*#5#AA#./$2 786/$(#0

9&+6/+$ 9&0/7 4.9&#+ 086A/(#(#8. &+#$#.3 9+86 (*/ <Kg #6A8+($2 (*/ .8.I9459#56/.( 89 #($_48(& 0866#(6/.( D1 <*&#5&.7 6&1 %/55 *&B/ D//. D/./9#0#&5 (8 (*/ 786/$(#0 +#0/ A+8740/+$C

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

3338  H)";($+($;,5 D;# (.) F)7$)I ;D (.) !;!

<*#$ $/0(#8. *&$ (%8 A&+($C G( (*/ 84($/(2 & D+#/9 &0084.( 89 (*/ 6&.7&(/2 %*#0* $A/55$ 84(

(*/ 34#7/A8$($ 98+ (*/ 8.I38#.3 ./38(#&(#8.$ 98+ (*/ +/B#/% 89 (*/ G8G2 #$ A+8B#7/7C -.(*/ $/08.7 A&+(2 &. &((/6A( #$ 6&7/ (8 0&A(4+/ (*/ ./38(#&(#.3 71.&6#0$2 &$ #( *&$ D//.4.9857#.3 $#.0/ (*/ A8$(I)8*& ./38(#&(#8.$ *&B/ D//. #.#(#&(/7C

0.) ,)";($+($," <+,-+()

<*/ ./38(#&(#8.$ 98+ (*/ +/B#/% 89 G8G &+/ A&+( 89 (*/ D4#5(I#. &3/.7&2 (*/ 6&.7&(/ 98+%*#0* *&$ D//. A+8B#7/7 #. G+(#05/ P\ 89 (*/ G3+//6/.(C <*/ ./38(#&(#.3 6&.7&(/ A+8B#7/7 #. G+(#05/ P\ 89 (*/ G8G %&$ 94+(*/+ /5&D8+&(/7 #. (*/ )8*& T#.#$(/+#&5)/05&+&(#8. ?)T)@ 89 S8B/6D/+ P\\MC -. (*/ 9#+$( #.$(&.0/2 (*/ 6&.7&(/ %&$ $/( #. (*/ D&0:7+8A 89 (*/ U58.3I(/+6 8D'/0(#B/W 89 (*/ G8G2 %*#0*2 &$ $(&(/7 #. (*/ A+/&6D5/ 89 (*/G3+//6/.( U#$ (8 A+8B#7/ 98+  '()'*+&*%+, -./0."''%1" ."!(2*%/&' %& +0.%2(,*(.+, '(--/.*

+&! -./*"2*%/& '('*+%&"! /1". +& +0.""! -".%/! /3 *%$"4 ."'(,*%&0 %& 2/.."2*%&0 +&! -."1"&*%&0 ."'*.%2*%/&' +&! !%'*/.*%/&' %& 5/.,! +0.%2(,*(.+, $+.6"*'W ?/6A*&$#$ &77/7@C<*/ )T) +/95/0(/7 (*/ 0866#(6/.( 89 (*/ ;<= T/6D/+$ (8 /.3&3/ #. o086A+/*/.$#B/./38(#&(#8.$ &#6/7 &(^ $4D$(&.(#&5 #6A+8B/6/.($ #. 6&+:/( &00/$$` +/740(#8.$ 892 %#(* &B#/% (8 A*&$#.3 84(2 &55 98+6$ 89 /FA8+( $4D$#7#/$` &.7 $4D$(&.(#&5 +/740(#8.$ #. (+&7/I

 PY -. P\\P2 <*&#5&.7a$ 9#55 +&(/ #. 0&$/ 89 +#0/ %&$ \CP A/+ 0/.(C

Page 14: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 14/42

  M]

7#$(8+(#.3 786/$(#0 $4AA8+(WC -( %&$ 94+(*/+ &3+//7 U(*&( '-"2%+, +&! !%33"."&*%+, *."+*$"&* 3/. !"1",/-%&0 2/(&*.%"' '7+,, )" +& %&*"0.+, -+.* /3 +,, ","$"&*' /3 *7" &"0/*%+*%/&' &.7$*&55 D/ /6D87#/7 #. (*/ H0*/745/$ 89 08.0/$$#8.$ &.7 0866#(6/.($ &.7 &$ &AA+8A+#&(/#. (*/ +45/$ &.7 7#$0#A5#./$ (8 D/ ./38(#&(/72  '/ +' */ )" /-".+*%/&+,,8 "33"2*%1"  &.7 (8"&+)," !"1",/-%&0 2/(&*.%"' */ "33"2*%1",8 *+6" +22/(&* /3 *7"%. !"1",/-$"&* &""!'4

%&2,(!%&0 3//! '"2(.%*8 +&! .(.+, !"1",/-$"&* W

Pb

C T/6D/+$ *&7 (*4$ 05/&+51 /FA+/$$/7(*/#+ #.(/.( (8 +#7 &3+#045(4+&5 6&+:/($ 89 (*/ 7#$(8+(#8.$2 %*#5/ &( (*/ $&6/ (#6/+/083.#$#.3 (*/ .//7 (8 +/$A8.7 (8 (*/ #6A/+&(#B/$ 89 9887 $/04+#(1 &.7 5#B/5#*887$2 (*/(%8 :/1 08.0/+.$ 98+ (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$C

0.) H)";($+($," ?E,+<$%5

<*/ ./38(#&(#8.$ 8. &3+#045(4+/ *&B/ %#(./$$/7 (%8 05/&+51 #7/.(#9#&D5/ A*&$/$ $#.0/ (*/ A8$(I)8*& 08.9&D45&(#8.$ D/3&.C <*/ 9#+$( A*&$/ %&$ (*/ A/+#87 (#55 (*/ /.7 89 m451 P\\[2%*#0* $&% ./38(#&(#8.$ (&:#.3 A5&0/ D/(%//. (%8 3+84A$ 89 084.(+#/$ %*8$/ &5#3.6/.(%&$ D&$/7 8. 05/&+51 7/9#./7 A8$#(#8.$C -. (*/ $4D$/_4/.( A/+#872 984+ 3+84A$ 89 084.(+#/$*&B/ 9#34+/7 A+86#./.(51 #. (*/ ./38(#&(#8.$PhC ;#(* (*/ 3+84A$ D/#.3 /_4&551 7#B#7/7

 D/(%//. (*/ 7/B/58A/7 &.7 (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+1 6/6D/+$2 (*#$ 7/B/58A6/.( +/A+/$/.($(*/ 7#99/+/.(#&(#8.$ #. (*/ #.(/+/$($ (*&( /F#$( #. +/$A/0( 89 D8(* $/($ 89 084.(+#/$C

-. (*/ 9#+$( A*&$/ 89 (*/ A8$(I)8*& ./38(#&(#8.$2 084.(+#/$ %#(* 7/9/.$#B/ #.(/+/$($ %/+/&5#3./7 %#(* (*/ O4+8A/&. J.#8.C <*#$ 3+84A 89 084.(+#/$2 (*/ A+86#./.( &68.3 %*#0*%/+/ m&A&.2 n8+/& &.7 H%#(>/+5&.72 %/+/ $4AA8+(/7 D1 & .46D/+ 89 $#3.#9#0&.(7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ 5/7 D1 -.7#&C <*/$/ 084.(+#/$ %/+/ A+#6&+#51 #.(/+/$(/7 #. ://A#.3(*/#+ &3+#045(4+&5 6&+:/($ A+8(/0(/7 4$#.3 +/&$8.&D51 *#3* 5/B/5$ 89 D8+7/+ A+8(/0(#8.CH86/ &68.3 (*#$ 3+84A %/+/ &5$8 ://. (8 6&#.(&#. (*/#+ +/5&(#B/51 *#3* 5/B/5$ 89$4D$#7#/$ #. A5&0/C -. 8(*/+ %8+7$2 (*/ 084.(+#/$ *&B#.3 7/9/.$#B/ #.(/+/$($ %/+/ .8(588:#.3 98+ $#3.#9#0&.( 0*&.3/$ #. (*/ A+/B&#5#.3 A85#01 +/3#6/ 38B/+.#.3 (*/ &3+#045(4+&5$/0(8+2 A&+(#045&+51 #. +/5&(#8. (8 (&+#99$C <*/$/ 084.(+#/$ 9&B84+/7 (*/ J+434&1 K84.7

&AA+8&0* 89 &B/+&3/ 04( &.7 & 6#.#646 04( A/+ (&+#99 5#./C <*&( & .46D/+ 89 7/B/58A#.3084.(+#/$ %/+/ %#55#.3 (8 D/ #. (*#$ 3+84A &AA/&+/7 (8 *&B/ $(+40: & 7#$08+7&.( .8(/ %#(*6&.1 8D$/+B/+$C <*#$ %&$ 8. &0084.( 89 (%8 086A/55#.3 +/&$8.$C <*/ 9#+$( &+8$/ 9+86 (*/9&0( (*&( 68$( 89 (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ *&7 $4D6#((/7 (8 (*/ R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/(*&( (*/ *#3* $4D$#7#/$ 3+&.(/7 D1 (*/ 7/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$2 #. A&+(#045&+ (*/ JH &.7 (*/O4+8A/&. J.#8.2 *&7 A+/B/.(/7 (*/6 9+86 +/&5#$#.3 (*/ A+8'/0(/7 3&#.$ 9+86 (*/&3+#045(4+/ $/0(8+ $#.0/ (*/ G8G 7#$0#A5#./ %&$ #.(+8740/7C <*/ $/08.7 A8#.( (*&(7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ *&7 6&7/ 74+#.3 (*/ ./38(#&(#8.$ %&$ (*&( (*/1 *&7 5#((5/ &00/$$ (87/B/58A/7 084.(+1 6&+:/($ 8. &0084.( 89 (*/ 6&+:/( &00/$$ #6A/7#6/.($C OF#$(/.0/ 89*#3* (&+#99$ &.7 (&+#99 /$0&5&(#8.$ #. &+/&$ 89 /FA8+( #.(/+/$( (8 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$2084A5/7 %#(* (*/ 7#$0+#6#.&(8+1 #6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (&+#99 +&(/ _48(&$ %/+/ &68.3 (*/

/B#7/.0/ (*&( (*/$/ 084.(+#/$ %/+/ &D5/ (8 A+8740/ #. $4AA8+( 89 (*/#+ B#/%$C "4(/B/.(4&551 (*/ 9&0( (*&( (*/1 %/+/ 3/((#.3 (*/ 08698+( 89 58%/+ 5/B/5$ 89 (&+#99 04($(*/6$/5B/$ $//6$ (8 *&B/ :/A( (*/ 3+84A (83/(*/+C

Pb ;<= P\\M&2 A&+&3+&A* M[CPh H// G../F - 98+ 7/(&#5$C

Page 15: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 15/42

  Mf

<*/ $/08.7 3+84A 89 084.(+#/$ +/A+/$/.(/7 (*8$/ (*&( %/+/ A+#6&+#51 #.(/+/$(/7 #.8D(&#.#.3 &77#(#8.&5 6&+:/( &00/$$ (*+843* & +&A#7 7/05#./ #. (*/ 5/B/5$ 89 (&+#99$C G$ *&$ D//. %#(./$$/7 #. (*/ A&$(2 (*#$ 3+84A %&$ #.98+6&551 5/7 D1 (*/ JH2 %#(* (*/ R&#+.$L+84A 084.(+#/$ A+8B#7#.3 &0(#B/ $4AA8+(C <*/$/ 084.(+#/$ &+34/7 (*&( (*/ (&+#99+/740(#8.$ $*8457 98558% (*/ (&+#99 *&+68.#$&(#8. &AA+8&0* ?D/((/+ :.8%. &$ (*/ UH%#$$

98+645&W@ %#(* (*/ JH A+8A8$#.3 (*&( & 08/99#0#/.( 89 Pf $*8457 D/ &78A(/7C-.(/+/$(#.3512 &5(*843* & .46D/+ 89 (*/ R&#+.$ L+84A 084.(+#/$ *&7 &+34/7 (*&( (*/G+(#05/ P\ +/B#/% 8. G8G $*8457 D/ &#6/7 &( +/740(#8. &.7 &. /B/.(4&5 /5#6#.&(#8. 89(+&7/ 7#$(8+(#.3 98+6$ 89 $4D$#7#/$2 #. 68$( 89 (*/ A8$(I)8*& 08.9&D45&(#8.$2 (*/$/084.(+#/$ $*8%/7 08.$#7/+&D5/ +/540(&.0/ (8 &77+/$$ (*/ #$$4/ 89 7#$(8+(#8.$ 0&4$/7 #. (*/6&+:/( 98+ &3+#045(4+&5 086687#(#/$ D1 (*/ 5&+3/ B8546/$ 89 $4D$#7#/$ 3+&.(/7 D1 (*/ (%85&+3/$( A5&1/+$ &$ ./38(#&(#8.$ A+83+/$$/7C

T&+:/( &00/$$ %&$ (*4$ (*/ 8.51 #$$4/ 8. %*#0* (*/ ./38(#&(#8.$ 8. (*/ +/B#/% 89 G8G9804$/7C R86A+/*/.$#B/ +/98+6$ #. (*/ &3+#045(4+&5 A85#0#/$ %8+57I%#7/ +/6&#./7.8(*#.3 68+/ (*&. & +/9/+/.0/ A8#.( 98+ (*/ 08.740( 89 (*/ ./38(#&(#8.$C <*#$ 9804$ %&$ #.9&0( +/#.98+0/7 D1 (*/ (*/. R*&#+6&. 89 (*/ R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/2 H(4&+( N&+D#.$8.2

#. (*/ 7+&9( 687&5#(#/$ A&A/+ (*&( */ *&7 A+/A&+/7 4.7/+ *#$ 8%. +/$A8.$#D#5#(1C <*/N&+D#.$8. 687&5#(#/$ 6&7/ 08.$#7/+&D5/ /998+($ &( /.$4+#.3 (*&( 68+/ (*&. (*/ 6#.#6&50*&.3/$ &+/ /99/0(/7 #. (*/ (&+#99 +/3#6/C <*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ %/+/ A+8B#7/7 &.&77#(#8.&5 7#$A/.$&(#8.2 %*#0* %8457 *&B/ &558%/7 (*/6 (8 A+8B#7/ *#3*/+ 5/B/5$ 89 A+8(/0(#8. (8 086687#(#/$ (*&( &+/ 0+#(#0&5 9+86 (*/ A8#.( 89 B#/% 89 9887 $/04+#(125#B/5#*887$ &.7 +4+&5 7/B/58A6/.(C "4( &( (*/ $&6/ (#6/2 (*/ $4D$#7#/$ +/3#6/ %&$ 5/9(5&+3/51 4.&99/0(/7C ;*#5/ 8. (*/ 8./ *&.72 7/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$ %/+/ &558%/7 (8 6&#.(&#.(*/ /F#$(#.3 5/B/5$ 89 &3+#045(4+&5 $4D$#7#/$2 (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ %/+/ &5$8 &558%/7(*/ $A&0/ (8 A+8B#7/ &$$#$(&.0/ (8 (*/ +/$84+0/IA88+ 9&+6/+$C

;#(* (*/ /F(+/6/ A8$#(#8.$ (&:/. D1 (*/ JH &.7 (*/ O4+8A/&. J.#8. D/086#.3 (*/$(#0:#.3 A8#.( .8( 8.51 98+ (*/ &3+#045(4+&5 ./38(#&(#8.$ D4( &5$8 98+ (*/ )8*&)/B/58A6/.( G3/.7&2 (*/ 6/6D/+$*#A 89 (*/ ;<= 4+3/7 (*/ (%8 6/6D/+$ (8 9#.7 &08668. 3+84.7 #. 8+7/+ (*&( &. /99#0&0#84$ $854(#8. %&$ 984.7 D/98+/ (*/ R&.04.T#.#$(/+#&5 R8.9/+/.0/ %&$ */57PZC G 08668. 3+84.7 %&$ %8+:/7 84( D1 (*/ JH &.7 (*/O4+8A/&. J.#8. 8. (*/ 6&+:/( &00/$$ #$$4/ &.7 8. (*/ #$$4/ 89 $4D$#7#/$[\C ;*#5/ #. 0&$/89 6&+:/( &00/$$2 (*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ &+34/7 98+ $(//A +/740(#8. #. $4D$#7/$2 A+/9/++/7 &086D#.&(#8. 89 (*/ J+434&1 K84.7 &AA+8&0* 89 &B/+&3/ (&+#99 04($ &.7 (*/ (&+#99*&+68.#$&(#8. &AA+8&0*2 #. 0&$/ 89 (*/ 786/$(#0 $4AA8+(2 D8(* (*/$/ 6/6D/+$ 89 (*/;<= 984.7 08698+( %*#5/ A+8A8$#.3 (*&( (*/ /F#$(#.3 7#$0#A5#./ %8457 .8( 4.7/+386&'8+ 0*&.3/$C

<*#$ 086A+86#$/ D/(%//. JH &.7 (*/ O4+8A/&. J.#8. $#3.&55/7 08&5#(#8.ID4#57#.3

/998+($ &68.3 (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ +/$45(#.3 #. (*/ 98+6&(#8. 89 (*/ LIP\C <*/ D&$/ A&A/+2 %*#0* 6&+:/7 (*/ /6/+3/.0/ 89 (*#$ 3+84A 89 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$2 *&7 8./#6A8+(&.( 9/&(4+/ p #( 588:/7 &( (*/ &3+#045(4+/ ./38(#&(#8.$ #. (*/ ;<= 98+ D+#.3#.3

PZ <*#$ 6&.7&(/ %&$ 3#B/. &( (*/ 08.054$#8. 89 (*/ T8.(+/&5 ;<= 6#.#I6#.#$(/+#&5 6//(#.3 #. 5&(/ m4512P\\[2 (8 (*/ (%8 (+&7#.3 A&+(./+$ (8 %8+: 84( & '8#.( A&A/+ 8. &3+#045(4+/C E8+ 7/(&#5$ $//2 O4+8A/&.R866#$$#8. P\\[C[\ ;<= P\\[7C

Page 16: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 16/42

Page 17: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 17/42

Page 18: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 18/42

  Mh

<*/ 9#+$( (/$( 98+ (*/ E&508./+ A+8A8$&5$ %8457 D/ (*/#+ &D#5#(1 (8 98+0/ (*/ JH (8 /99/0($*&+A +/740(#8. #. #($ =<)H &( (*/ /.7 89 (*/ 04++/.( +84.7 89 ./38(#&(#8.$C -. 9&0(2 68$(084.(+#/$ #. (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 %8+57 %8457 5#:/ (8 $// JH +/740/ =<)H 9+86 JH i PP D#55#8. #. P\\M (8 D/58% JH i Mf D#55#8.C <*#$ &6D#(#8.2 &008+7#.3 (8 E&508./+2 U#$ .8(#.08.0/#B&D5/2 D4( #( %8457 D/ & +/&5 $(+/(0* #. ./38(#&(#.3 (/+6$WC -. 8(*/+ %8+7$2

E&508./+ $//6$ (8 D/ $433/$(#.3 (*&( (*/ JH %8457 D/ %#55#.3 (8 +/740/ #($ (+&7/7#$(8+(#.3 $4AA8+( 8.51 #9 #( %&$ 899/+/7 6&+:/( &00/$$ 8AA8+(4.#(#/$ (*+843* 7//A 04($ #.(&+#99$C "4( (*/ +/&5 D/./9#($ 98+ (*/ JH2 &.7 (8 & 5/$$/+ /F(/.( (*/ OJ2 %8457 &+#$/ 9+86(*/ &6D#B&5/.0/ $*8%. D1 (*/ R*&#+6&. 89 (*/ R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/ #. &77+/$$#.3(*/ #$$4/ 89 +/B#/% 89 (*/ U3+//. D8FW 6/&$4+/$C G$ #.7#0&(/7 #. &. /&+5#/+ 7#$04$$#8.2 D8(* (*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ *&B/ D//. +/I8+#/.(#.3 (*/#+ 9&+6 $4AA8+( A+83+&66/$ D1 +/51#.3#.0+/&$#.351 8. (*/ U3+//. D8FW 6/&$4+/$2 <*#$ A*/.86/.& *&$ +/.7/+/7 (*/ 786/$(#0$4AA8+( 7#$0#A5#./$ #.(+8740/7 D1 (*/ G8G 5&+3/51 #./99/0(#B/ #. 04+D#.3 (*/ $4D$#713+&.(#.3 &D#5#(1 89 (*/ (%8 6&'8+ A5&1/+$ #. 358D&5 &3+#045(4+&5 6&+:/($C

E+86 (*/ B#/%A8#.( 89 68$( 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ (*/ 6&+:/( &00/$$ A+8A8$&5$ 89 E&508./+%8457 D/ 89 A&+(#045&+ #.(/+/$(C -. (*#$ 08.(/F(2 (*/ #$$4/ 89 HQ$ &$$46/$ A&+(#045&+

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f (&+#995#./$ &( (*/ 7/(&#5/7 74(1 5/B/5W[]C <*#$ B#/%A8#.( *&$ 984.7 $4AA8+( %#(* $86/ 89 (*/&3+#045(4+&5 /FA8+(#.3 084.(+#/$ #. (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 %8+572 #.0547#.3 <*&#5&.7[fC

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

J8  ! /+E K;#I+#-

<*#$ A&A/+ (+#/7 (8 A+8B#7/ &. -.7#&. A/+$A/0(#B/ 8. (*/ ;<= &.7 (*/ &3+#045(4+&5 $/0(8+CG3+#045(4+&5 (+&7/ 5#D/+&5#$&(#8. *&$ D//. & 08.(/.(#84$ #$$4/ /B/+ $#.0/ (*/ ;<=/6D&+:/7 8. (*/ (&$: 89 /$(&D5#$*#.3 & D#.7#.3 $/( 89 +45/$ (*&( (*/ 6/6D/+ 084.(+#/$ 89

(*/ 8+3&.#$&(#8. *&7 ./38(#&(/7 74+#.3 (*/ J+434&1 K84.7 ./38(#&(#8.$ 89 (*/ LG<<CT8$( 89 (*/ 0+#(#0&5 0866/.($ 8. (*/ G3+//6/.( 8. G3+#045(4+/ ?G8G@2 %*#0* *&7 $/( (*/3+84.7 +45/$ 98+ (*/ ;<= T/6D/+$ #. &3+#045(4+/2 0&6/ 9+86 (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$C-.7#& %&$ &68.3 (*/ 68+/ B80&5 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ (*&( A8#.(/7 84( (*&( (*/ 7/B/58A/7084.(+#/$ *&7 .8( #6A5/6/.(/7 (*/ G8G #. (*/ $A#+#( #. %*#0* #( %&$ ./38(#&(/7C ;*#5/ (*/

[] ;<=C P\\YDC[f ;<=C P\\Y&C

Page 19: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 19/42

  MZ

&3+//6/.( &68.3 (*/ (*/. LG<< R8.(+&0(#.3 Q&+(#/$ %&$ (*&( (*/ A85#01 7#$(8+(#8.$ #.&3+#045(4+/ 0&4$/7 D1 (*/ $4D$#71 +/3#6/$ &.7 8(*/+ D8+7/+ A+8(/0(#8. 6/&$4+/$ (*&( (*/1*&7 A4( #. A5&0/2 (*/ G8G *&7 (88 6&.1 588A*85/$ (*&( (*/ 5&+3/+ (+&7#.3 084.(+#/$ *&7(&:/. &7B&.(&3/ 89C =4+ /.7/&B84+ #. (*#$ A&A/+ %&$ (8 #.7#0&(/ (*/ .&(4+/ 89#6A5/6/.(&(#8. 89 (*/ G8G D1 (*/ 7/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$2 #. A&+(#045&+ (*/ JH &.7 (*/ OJ

T/6D/+ $(&(/$CH#.0/ P\\P2 (*/ ;<= T/6D/+$ *&B/ D//. /.3&3/7 #. +/I%8+:#.3 (*/ A+#.0#A5/$ 8. %*#0*(*/ G8G *&$ D//. /$(&D5#$*/7C ;*#5/ (*/ 58.3 (/+6 8D'/0(#B/ (*&( (*/ ;<= T/6D/+$ *&$ D//. (8 /.$4+/ (*&( (*/ 6&+:/($ 98+ &3+#045(4+&5 086687#(#/$ &+/ 05/&.$/7 89 (*/ 6&+:/(7#$(8+(#.3 A85#0#/$2 (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+1 T/6D/+$ 89 (*/ 8+3&.#$&(#8.$ *&B/ &+34/7 98+(*/ #.(+8740(#8. 89 &AA+8A+#&(/ #.$(+46/.($ #. (*/ G8G (*&( %8457 &77+/$$ (*/#+ 0+#(#0&508.0/+.$ 89 9887 $/04+#(1 &.7 A+8(/0(#8. 89 5#B/5#*887$ 89 (*/ 7#$&7B&.(&3/7 $/0(#8.$ 89(*/ A/&$&.(+1C

<*/ A&A/+ (+#/7 (8 *#3*5#3*( (*/ A8#.( (*&( (*/+/ &+/ $#3.#9#0&.( 7#99/+/.0/$ D/(%//. (*/B&+#84$ 3+84A$ 89 084.(+#/$ (*&( *&B/ D//. &0(#B/51 A&+(#0#A&(#.3 #. (*/ &3+#045(4+/./38(#&(#8.$C <*/ A&+(#0#A&(#8. 89 & B/+1 5&+3/ .46D/+ 89 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ *&$ &77/7& 7#6/.$#8. (*&( %&$ .8( %#(./$$/7 #. 645(#5&(/+&5 (+&7#.3 $1$(/6 D/98+/ (*/ A8$(J+434&1 K84.7 08.9&D45&(#8.$ D/3&.C G.72 #( #$ (*#$ 7#6/.$#8. (*&( +&#$/$ #66/.$/ A8$$#D#5#(#/$ 98+ (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ (8 ./38(#&(/ #. & 088+7#.&(/7 6&../+ &$ (*/1 (+1(8 6&:/ (*/ G8G %8+: D/((/+ (8 6//( (*/#+ #.(/+/$($C

-( 6&1 D/ &+34/7 (*&( (*/ 08.9&D45&(#8.$ &68.3$( 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ (*&( *&B/ (&:/. A5&0/ 74+#.3 640* 89 (*/ A&$( (%8 1/&+$2 A&+(#045&+51 #. LIP\ &.7 LI[[ 98+46$2 0&. D/(*/ D&$#$ 98+ & 640* %#7/+ 08.$/.$4$ 8. #$$4/$ &99/0(#.3 (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$C <*/7/B/58A#.3 &.7 (*/ 5/&$(I7/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$ .//7 (8 &78A( & (%#. $(+&(/31 (8 6//( (*/0*&55/.3/$ (*&( (*/1 9&0/ #. & 358D&5 +/3#6/ (*&( #$ 9804$#.3 8. 8A/.#.3 89 6&+:/($ 98+&3+#045(4+&5 086687#(#/$C

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

;*#5/ 6&.1 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ &+/ 5#:/51 (8 D/./9#( 9+86 (*/ 7#$(8+(#8.I9+//&3+#045(4+&5 6&+:/($ %*#0* %8457 (&:/ $*&A/ #9 U/99/0(#B/W (+&7/ 5#D/+&5#$&(#8. #$ /.$4+/72

(*/+/ &+/ $/B/+&5 8(*/+ 084.(+#/$ %*8$/ 9&+6 $/0(8+ 6&1 .//7 & 7/3+// 89 A+8(/0(#8. (8&77+/$$ 08.0/+.$ +/5&(#.3 (8 9887 $/04+#(1 &.7 A+8(/0(#8. 89 5#B/5#*887$C R84.(+#/$ (*&(%8457 8(*/+%#$/ 3&#. 9+86 (*/ 7#$(8+(#8.I9+// 6&+:/($ &$ #.7#0&(/7 &D8B/ 6&1 &5$8 *&B/(8 &78A( $#6#5&+ 6/&$4+/$ D/98+/ (*/ $4D$#7#/$ &+/ /B/.(4&551 /5#6#.&(/7C -. 8(*/+ %8+7$2#. (*/ $*8+(I(/+6 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ %8457 *&B/ (8 /.$4+/ (*&( (*/ +/B#$/7 G8G&77+/$$/$ (*/#+ 08+/ 08.0/+.$ 89 9887 &.7 5#B/5#*887 $/04+#(1C

[Y )*&+C P\\YC

Page 20: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 20/42

  P\

K/9/+/.0/$^

"+&.7&82 G &.7 ; T&+(#.C MZZ[C U-6A5#0&(#8.$ 89 G3+#045(4+&5 <+&7/ V#D/+&5#$&(#8. 98+)/B/58A#.3 R84.(+#/$W2 ;8+57 "&.: ;8+:#.3 Q&A/+2 S8C ;QH MMXYC

"&++/((2 RC" &.7 )CL T&F%/55C ?P\\]@C UE887 G#7 &9(/+ E#9(1 r/&+$^ K/0&$(#.3 #($ K85/W2V8.78.2 K84(5/73/ ?98+(*086#.3@ ?&B&#5&D5/ &(^*((A^XX&/6C08+./55C/74X9&045(1s$#(/$X0DDPXX9887&#7C*(6@

"+40/2 N499 &.7 T#0*/55/ m#6/./>2 ?P\\[@2 U<*/ E887 G#7 R8.B/.(#8.^ Q&$( Q/+98+6&.0/&.7 E4(4+/ K85/ %#(*#. (*/ ./% L58D&5 <+&7/ &.7 )/B/58A6/.( O.B#+8.6/.(W2 A&A/+ A+/$/.(/7 &( (*/ -.(/+.&(#8.&5 R8.9/+/.0/ lG3+#045(4+&5 Q85#01 K/98+6 &.7 (*/ ;<=^;*/+/ &+/ %/ */&7#.3t2 R&A+# ?-(&51@2 m4./ P[IPY2 P\\[?*((A^XX%%%C/08$(&(C4.#0&5C#(XP\\[&3(+&7/08.9XR8.(+#D4(/7uP\A&A/+$XN499uP\&.7uP\m#6/./>CQ)E@

)*&+2 "#$%&'#(C P\\YC UV#D/+&5#>&(#8. #. G3+#045(4+&5 <+&7/^ -$$4/$ &.7 R8.0/+.$W2)/5#B/+#.3 8. (*/ ;<= K84.7^ G N#3*I5/B/5 L8B/+.6/.(I"4$#./$$ )#&5834/ 98+)/B/58A6/.(2 H(47#/$ #. <+&7/ &.7 -.B/$(6/.( vfY2 JSOHRGQC

O4+8A/&. R866#$$#8.C P\\[C "&0:3+84.7 "+#/9 OJIJH Q&A/+ 8. G3+#045(4+/C "+4$$/5$?*((A^XX/4+8A&C/4C#.(X0866X&3+#045(4+/X/F(/+.&5X%(8X78046/.(XD+#/9s/.CA79@

L#D$8.2 Q&452 m8*. ;&#.#82 )&.#/5 ;*#(5/12 &.7 T&+1 "8*6&.C P\\MC UQ+89#5/$ 89<&+#99$ #. L58D&5 G3+#045(4+&5 T&+:/($WC T&+:/( &.7 <+&7/ O08.86#0$ )#B#$#8.2O08.86#0 K/$/&+0* H/+B#0/2 JH )/A&+(6/.( 89 G3+#045(4+/C G3+#045(4+&5 O08.86#0K/A8+( S8C bZYC

L8+/4F2 V84#$C P\\[C UK/98+6#.3 (*/ R8((8. H/0(8+ #. H4DIH&*&+&. G9+#0&W2 G9+#0&K/3#8. ;8+:#.3 Q&A/+ H/+#/$ S8C YP2 ;8+57 "&.:2 S8B/6D/+C

=OR)C P\\MC <*/ J+434&1 K84.7 G3+//6/.( 8. G3+#045(4+/^ G. /B&54&(#8. 89 #($

#6A5/6/.(&(#8. #. =OR) 084.(+#/$C Q&+#$C

=F9&6C P\\PC UR45(#B&(#.3 Q8B/+(1^ <*/ -6A&0( 89 JH R8((8. H4D$#7#/$ 8. G9+#0&W2"+#/9#.3 Q&A/+ v[\C

=F9&6C ?P\\[@C UJH OFA8+( R+/7#($^ )/.#&5$ &.7 )84D5/ H(&.7&+7$W2 =F9&6 G6/+#0&"+#/9#.3 S8(/2?%%%C8F9&6&6/+#0&C8+3X./%$&.7A4D5#0&(#8.$XA4D5#0&(#8.$XD+#/9#.3sA&A/+$X&+(]hZ]C*(6@

JSR<G)C MZZZC OF&6#.#.3 (+&7/ #. (*/ &3+#045(4+&5 $/0(8+2 %#(* & B#/% (8 /FA&.7#.3 (*/&3+#045(4+&5 /FA8+($ 89 (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$2 &.7 (8 &$$#$(#.3 (*/6 #. D/((/+4.7/+$(&.7#.3 (*/ #$$4/$ &( $(&:/ #. (*/ 4A086#.3 &3+#045(4+&5 ./38(#&(#8.$2 "&0:3+84.7.8(/ D1 (*/ JSR<G) $/0+/(&+#&( ?<)X"XR=TCMXOTChXP@C

;<=C P\\\&C R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/C UOFA8+( $4D$#7#/$ I 9887 $/04+#(1 8+ 98877/A/.7/.01tW G )#$04$$#8. Q&A/+ A+/$/.(/7 D1 G+3/.(#.&2 "+&>#52 Q&+&34&1 &.7 J+434&1?TOKR=HJK@2 R*#5/2 "85#B#& &.7 R8$(& K#0& ?LXGLXSLX;X[h@C

;<=C P\\\DC R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/C E84+(* HA/0#&5 H/$$#8. 89 (*/ R866#((// 8.G3+#045(4+/ MfIMb S8B/6D/+ P\\\^ H(&(/6/.( D1 -.78./$#& ?LXGLXSLX;XbM@

Page 21: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 21/42

  PM

;<=C P\\M&C T#.#$(/+#&5 )/05&+&(#8.^ G78A(/7 8. M] S8B/6D/+ P\\MC;<XT-S?\M@X)ORXMC S8B/6D/+C

;<=C P\\[&C R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/C UQ8B/+(1 K/740(#8.^ H/0(8+&5 -.#(#&(#B/ -.E&B84+ 89 R8((8.W2 m8#.( Q+8A8$&5 D1 "/.#.2 "4+:#.& E&$82 R*&7 &.7 T&5#2?<SXGLXLOSX]@

;<=C P\\[DC m8#.( ORIJH Q&A/+C G3+#045(4+/C m="?\[@XMfbC

;<=C P\\[0C G3+#045(4+/ I E+&6/%8+: Q+8A8$&5^ m8#.( Q+8A8$&5 D1 G+3/.(#.&2 "+&>#52"85#B#&2 R*#.&2 R*#5/2 R8586D#&2 R8$(& K#0&2 R4D&2 O04&78+2 O5 H&5B&78+2 L4&(/6&5&2-.7#&2 T/F#082 Q&:#$(&.2 Q&+&34&12 Q/+42 Q*#5#AA#./$2 H84(* G9+#0&2 <*&#5&.7 &.7d/./>4/5&C m="?\[@XMYPXK/BCMC

;<=C P\\]&C )8*& ;8+: Q+83+&66/ )/0#$#8. G78A(/7 D1 (*/ L/./+&5 R84.0#5 8. MG434$( P\\]C ;<XVXfbZC

;<=C P\\]DC R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/C R&5045&(#8. 89 G7 d&58+/6 O_4#B&5/.($ ?GB/$@^)&(& K/_4#+/6/.($ &.7 GB&#5&D#5#(12 S8(/ D1 (*/ H/0+/(&+#&( ?<SXGLXHXMM@C

;<=C P\\Y&C <*&#5&.7 A&A/+ 8. HA/0#&5 Q+8740($2 #.98+6&5 A&A/+ (&D5/7 #. (*/R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/2 L/./B&C

;<=C P\\YDC J.#(/7 H(&(/$ R8664.#0&(#8. 8. HA/0#&5 Q+8740($2 #.98+6&5 A&A/+ (&D5/7#. (*/ R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/2 L/./B&C

;<=2 P\\Y02 LI[[ 08.(+#D4(#8. 8. (*/ A+8A8$/7 687&5#(#/$ 98+ (*/ 7/$#3.&(#8. &.7(+/&(6/.( 89 &.1 &3+#045(4+&5 A+8740( &$ & HA/0#&5 Q+8740( ?HQ@ D1 &.1 7/B/58A#.3084.(+1 6/6D/+2 #.98+6&5 A&A/+ (&D5/7 #. (*/ R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/2 L/./B&C;<=C P\\b&C R8664.#0&(#8. 9+86 (*/ R*&#+6&. 89 (*/ R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/2HA/0#&5 H/$$#8.2 GA+#5 [\2 L/./B&C

;<=C P\\bDC R8664.#0&(#8. 9+86 (*/ R*&#+6&. 89 (*/ R866#((// 8. G3+#045(4+/2HA/0#&5 H/$$#8.^ H/08.7 -.$(&56/.(2 T&1 Pf2 L/./B&C

Page 22: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 22/42

  PP

!66),-$B

<*/ G3+//6/.( 8. G3+#045(4+/ #7/.(#9#/$ (*+// 0&(/38+#/$ 89 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 6/&$4+/$[b2/&0* $4D'/0(/7 (8 & $A/0#9#0 7#$0#A5#./C HA/.7#.3 #. +/$A/0( 89 8.51 8./ &68.3 (*/$/0&(/38+#/$ %&$ +/#./7I#.2 #C/C2 5#6#($ %/+/ #6A8$/7 8. (*/ 4$/ 89 (*/$/ $4D$#7#/$C -.+/$A/0( 89 (*/ (%8 8(*/+ 0&(/38+#/$2 (*/+/ %/+/ .8 5#6#($ 8. (*/ $A/.7#.3 D1 (*/ ;<=T/6D/+$C <*/ +/&$8. 98+ .8( #6A8$#.3 $A/.7#.3 5#6#($ 8. (*/ 5&((/+ (%8 0&(/38+#/$ %&$(*&( (*/1 0&4$/7 5#((5/ 8+ &( 68$(2 & 6#.#6&5 #6A&0( 8. (+&7/C

E&+6 $4AA8+( 6/&$4+/$ %*8$/ $A/.7#.3 %&$ A4( 4.7/+ $A/0#9#0 5#6#($ %/+/ #.0547/7 #.(*/ UG6D/+ "8FWC G68.3 (*/ 0&(/38+#/$ 89 $4D$#7#/$ /F/6A(/7 9+86 +/740(#8.$2 (*/ 9#+$(#.0547/$ $8I0&55/7 U"54/ "8FW 6/&$4+/$C <*/$/ &+/ (*/ $4AA8+( 6/&$4+/$ %*#0*2 (*843*/F/6A( 9+86 (*/ +/740(#8. 0866#(6/.($2 &+/ 08.7#(#8.&551 &0(#8.&D5/C <*/ 7/9#0#/.01 A&16/.($ 6&7/2 &( A+/$/.(2 68$( A+86#./.(51 D1 (*/ O4+8A/&. J.#8. &.7 (8 & 5/$$/+/F(/.( D1 (*/ JH2 9&55 #.(8 (*/ $/08.7 0&(/38+1C <*#$ 98+6 89 $4AA8+(2 (*/ A+8B#$#8.$ 89%*#0* &+/ 3#B/. #. G+(#05/ YCf2 #.B85B/$ A&16/.($ (8 A+8740/+$ 4.7/+ A+8740(#8.I5#6#(#.3 A+83+&66/$ D&$/7 8. 9#F/7 &+/&2 9#F/7 0+8A 1#/57$ &.7 9#F/7 */&7$ 89 5#B/$(80:C

<*/ $/08.7 0&(/38+1 89 /F/6A( $4AA8+( 6/&$4+/$ #.0547/$ (*/ $8I0&55/7 U3+//.ID8FW6/&$4+/$2 6/&$4+/$ (*&( &+/ .8( $4D'/0(/7 (8 &.1 +/740(#8. 0866#(6/.($C <*/ U3+//. 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

$/04+#(1 A+83+&66/ #7/.(#9#/7 #. (*/ .&(#8.&5 5/3#$5&(#8.o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

G. &77#(#8.&5 08.7#(#8. (*&( &0086A&.#/$ (*/ &76#.#$(+&(#8. 89 A4D5#0 $(80:*857#.3 98+9887 $/04+#(1 A4+A8$/$ #$ (*&( #9 (*/ $(80:$ 89 9887$(499$ 98+ 9887 $/04+#(1 A4+A8$/$ &+/

&0_4#+/7 &.7 +/5/&$/7 &( &76#.#$(/+/7 A+#0/$2 (*/ 7#99/+/.0/ D/(%//. (*/ &0_4#$#(#8. A+#0/&.7 (*/ /F(/+.&5 +/9/+/.0/ A+#0/ %#55 *&B/ (8 D/ &0084.(/7 98+ #. (*/ GTHC OF(/+.&5+/9/+/.0/ A+#0/ 98+ (*/ A4+A8$/$ 89 G8G #$ (*/ &B/+&3/ 9C8CDC 4.#( B&54/ 98+ D&$#0

[b <*/ G3+//6/.( 94+(*/+ A+8B#7/$ (*&( (*/ GTH %#55 *&B/ (8 #.0547/ .8( 8.51 D473/(&+1 84(5&1$2 D4( &5$8+/B/.4/ 98+/38./ D1 (*/ L8B/+.6/.( &.7 #($ &3/.($C G77#(#8.&5512 (*/ $4D$#71I7#$0#A5#./ $(#A45&(/$ (*&($4AA8+( A+8B#7/7 (8 &3+#045(4+/ D8(* &( .&(#8.&5 &.7 $4DI.&(#8.&5 5/B/5$ #$ (8 D/ (&:/. #.(8 &0084.(C <*#$ 5&$(6/.(#8./7 A+8B#$8 #$ 8$(/.$#D51 &#6/7 &( #.0547#.3 A+#0/ $4AA8+( 3+&.(/7 D1 9/7/+&5 38B/+.6/.($ #. $86/084.(+#/$C

Page 23: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 23/42

  P[

&3+#045(4+&5 A+8740( #. 0&$/ 89 & ./( 9887 /FA8+(#.3 084.(+1 &.7 (*/ &B/+&3/ 0C#C9C 4.#(B&54/ 98+ (*/ D&$#0 &3+#045(4+&5 A+8740( 08.0/+./7 #. & ./( 9887 #6A8+(#.3 084.(+1C <*#$2#. 8(*/+ %8+7$2 #6A5#/$ (*&( A&+( 89 (*/ $A/.7#.3 8. 9887 $4D$#71 08457 9#.7 #($/59 #.(8 (*/GTH #9 (*/ &76#.#$(+&(#B/ A+#0/ 68B/$ (8 *#3*/+ 5/B/5$ (*&. (*/ /F(/+.&5 +/9/+/.0/ A+#0/#. 0&$/ 89 (*/ 9887$(499$ (*&( &+/ 08B/+/7 D1 (*/ 9887 $/04+#(1 6/&$4+/$C

G (*#+7 086A8./.( 89 (*/ U3+//. D8FW 6/&$4+/$ #$ (*/ 7#$0#A5#./ A/+(&#.#.3 (8 786/$(#09887 &#7C <*/ +/5/B&.( A+8B#$#8. #. (*#$ +/$A/0( A+8B#7/$ 98+ (&+3/(#.3 89 786/$(#0 9887&#7 D&$/7 8. 05/&+51 7/9#./7 0+#(/+#& +/5&(/7 (8 .4(+#(#8.&5 8D'/0(#B/$C E887 &#7 0&. D/ A+8B#7/7 /#(*/+ 7#+/0(51 (8 (*/ /5#3#D5/ 0+8$$I$/0(#8. 89 (*/ A8A45&(#8. 8+ #. (*/ 98+6 896/&.$ (8 &558% (*8$/ /5#3#D5/ (8 D41 9887 &( 6&+:/( 8+ $4D$#7#$/7 A+#0/$C

G68.3 (*/ 68$( 08.(/.(#84$ 89 (*/ U3+//. D8FW A&16/.($ #$ U7/084A5/7 #.086/$4AA8+(WC <*#$ 98+6 89 A&16/.( #$ #.0547/7 #. (*/ U3+//. D8FW 98+ #( #$ .8( 5#.:/7 (8 (*/04++/.( 5/B/5$ 89 A+#0/$ 8+ 84(A4(C O5#3#D#5#(1 98+ A&16/.($ $*8457 UD/ 7/(/+6#./7 D105/&+51I7/9#./7 0+#(/+#&2 $40* &$ #.086/2 $(&(4$ &$ & A+8740/+ 8+ 5&.78%./+2 9&0(8+ 4$/ 8+ A+8740(#8. 5/B/5 #. & 7/9#./7 &.7 9#F/7 D&$/ A/+#87WC <*/ 4$/ 89 & U7/9#./7 &.7 9#F/7W D&$/ A/+#872 &$ %/55 &$ &77#(#8.&5 +/_4#+/6/.($ (*&( A&16/.($ 0&..8( D/ +/5&(/7 (8 A+8740(#8.2 786/$(#0 8+ #.(/+.&(#8.&5 A+#0/$2 8+ 9&0(8+$ 89 A+8740(#8. #. &.1 1/&+98558%#.3 (*/ D&$/ A/+#87 &.7 (*&( A&16/.($ 0&..8( D/ 08.(#.3/.( 8. A+8740(#8.2 &+/ D/#.3 08.$#7/+/7 &$ #6A8+(&.( 6/0*&.#$6$ 98+ %/&:/.#.3 (*/ 5#.:&3/$ D/(%//. #.086/$4AA8+( &.7 A+8740(#8.C <*/ 583#0 D/*#.7 #.054$#8. 89 (*/ 7/084A5/7 #.086/ $4AA8+( #.(*/ /F/6A( 0&(/38+#/$ 89 $4D$#7#/$ *&$ D//. (*&( $#.0/ 7#+/0( A&16/.($ &+/ D&$/7 8. & A&$(2 9#F/7 D&$/ A/+#872 (*/ A+8740/+$ 0&..8( #.954/.0/ (*/ $#>/ 89 (*/ A&16/.( (*+843*04++/.( D/*&B#84+ &.7 (*/#+ 04++/.( A+8740(#8. 7/0#$#8.$ %#55 8.51 D/ D&$/7 8. 6&+:/(08.$#7/+&(#8.$C

G5$8 #.0547/7 #. (*/ U3+//. D8FW &+/^ ?#@ 38B/+.6/.( $A/.7#.3 8. #.086/ #.$4+&.0/ &.7#.086/ $&9/(1I./( A+83+&66/$ &.7 +/5#/9 9+86 .&(4+&5 7#$&$(/+$` ?##@ $(+40(4+&5 &7'4$(6/.(

&$$#$(&.0/ A+8B#7/7 (*+843* ?&@ A+8740/+ +/(#+/6/.( A+83+&66/$2 ?D@ +/$84+0/ +/(#+/6/.( A+83+&66/$ &.7 ?0@ #.B/$(6/.( &#7$` &.7 ?###@ Q&16/.($ 4.7/+ ?&@ /.B#+8.6/.(&5 A+83+&66/$ &.7 ?D@ +/3#8.&5 &$$#$(&.0/ A+83+&66/$C

J.7/+ (*/ G8G2 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 7#$0#A5#./ #$ /.98+0/7 8. (*/ D&$/7 8. (*/ G33+/3&(/T/&$4+/6/.( 89 H4AA8+( ?GTH@ A+8B#7/7 D1 /&0* 89 (*/ ;<= T/6D/+$C <*/ GTH #$7/9#./7 &$ & $46 (8(&5 89 &55 98+6$ 89 U&6D/+ D8FW 6/&$4+/$2 &.7 #.0547/$ D8(* A+8740($A/0#9#0 &.7 .8.IA+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+(C Q+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4AA8+( 98+ & 086687#(1 #$0&5045&(/7 D1 (&:#.3 #.(8 08.$#7/+&(#8. #($ &76#.#$(/+/7 A+#0/ #. (*/ +/A8+(#.3 1/&+ &.7 (*/#.(/+.&(#8.&5 A+#0/ 74+#.3 MZhYIhh2 8+ (*/ UD&$/ A/+#87WC

)/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$ 08457 /F0547/ (*/ 98558%#.3 0&(/38+#/$ 89 A&16/.($ 9+86 (*/ GTH^

?#@ $4D$#7#/$ 3+&.(/7 (8 & A&+(#045&+ A+8740( #$ 5/$$ (*&. f A/+ 0/.( 89 #($ B&54/ 89 A+8740(#8. ?(*/ !" $%&%$%'  5/B/5@ &.7 ?##@ .8.IA+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4D$#7#/$ &+/ 5/$$ (*&. f A/+ 0/.( 89 (*/ B&54/ 89 &3+#045(4+&5 A+8740(#8.C

)/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ 08457 /F0547/ (*/ 98558%#.3 0&(/38+#/$ 89 A&16/.($ 9+86 (*/ GTH^?#@ $4D$#7#/$ 3+&.(/7 (8 & A&+(#045&+ A+8740( #$ 5/$$ (*&. M\ A/+ 0/.( 89 #($ B&54/ 89 A+8740(#8. ?(*/ !" $%&%$%' 5/B/5@2 ?##@ .8.IA+8740( $A/0#9#0 $4D$#7#/$ &+/ 5/$$ (*&. M\ A/+0/.( 89 (*/ B&54/ 89 &3+#045(4+&5 A+8740(#8.2 &.7 ?###@ $4D$#7#/$ 3+&.(/7 (8 (*/ 58% #.086/&.7 +/$84+0/ A88+ 9&+6/+$C

Page 24: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 24/42

  P]

"&$/7 8. (*/ &D8B/ 6/(*87858312 G8G #6A8$/$ (*/ 98558%#.3 7#$0#A5#./ 8. (*/ ;<=T/6D/+$ #. +/$A/0( 89 (*/ U&6D/+ D8FW $A/.7#.3C )/B/58A/7 084.(+#/$ %/+/ /FA/0(/7 (8+/740/ (*/#+ GTH D1 P\ A/+ 0/.( 8B/+ $#F 1/&+$ D/3#..#.3 %#(* MZZf2 (*/ 08++/$A8.7#.39#34+/ 98+ (*/ 7/B/58A#.3 084.(+#/$ %&$ M[C[ A/+ 0/.(C

Page 25: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 25/42

Page 26: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 26/42

  PY

!,,)B 0+C') M2 !66'$)- +,- O;&,- 0+#$DD5 ;, =+P;# !"#$%&'(&#+' :;<<;-$($)5Q R#;&65

O;&,- (+#$DD5 =KH +66'$)- (+#$DD5

4#;-&%( "#;&65!7)#+") ?&(E

D#)) $,S

=+B

-&(E

O$,-$,"

$, S

!7)#+") ?&(E D#))

$, S

=+B

-&(E

G.#6&5 A+8740($ M\fC\ \C\ Mf\C\ M\\C\ [[C\ \C\ M\\C\

)&#+1 A+8740($ YfC\ \C\ Mf\C\ M\\C\ [fC\ \C\ Y\C\

E+4#(2 B/3/(&D5/$2 A5&.($ M\\CZ \C\ Mf\C\ M\\C\ [MCf \C\ M\fC\

R899//2 (/& M[[CM \C\ Mf\C\ M\\C\ fYC[ \C\ M\\C\

R/+/&5$ j A+/A&+&(#8.$ MMZC] \C\ Mf\C\ M\\C\ [bC[ bCY MY\C\

=#5$//7$2 9&($ j 8#5$ MYhCZ \C\ [\\C\ M\\C\ fPCf \C\ M\\C\

H43&+$ &.708.9/0(#8./+1 MP]Cb \C\ Mf\C\ M\\C\ ]hC] \C\ M\\C\

"/B/+&3/$ j (8D&008 MPbCf \C\ Mf\C\ M\\C\ YhCZ \C\ MhPC\

R8((8. MM\C\ \C\ Mf\C\ M\\C\ MbC\ \C\ [\C\

=(*/+ &3+#045(4+&5 A+8740($ M\]CM \C\ Mf\C\ M\\C\ PbCM bCb b\C\

Page 27: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 27/42

  Pb

!,,)B 0+C') T2 0;(+' !""#)"+() =)+5&#) ;D @&66;#( U$, V@ W <$''$;,X

;<=2 S8(#9#0&(#8. 08.0/+.#.3 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 0866#(6/.($ $4D6#((/7 D1 -.7#&C

!,,)B 0+C') Y2 4#;-&%(Z@6)%$D$% !""#)"+() =)+5&#)<),(5 ;D @&66;#(2 =+#>)( 4#$%)

@&66;#(

R86687#(#/$ L[[\Q[] L[[]Q[^ L[[^Q[_

Q45$/$ ?3+&62 4+&72 688.3 &.7 (4+@ IbfbbC\ \C\ \C\

L+84.7.4( IZYPfC\ \C\ \C\

K&A/$//7 &.7 64$(&+7 (8+#& I]f[\C\ \C\ \C\

R8((8. IMb\YC\ \C\ \C\

H81& D/&. IMh\ZC\ \C\ \C\

<8D&008 IMYhZC\ \C\ \C\

m4(/ IPM\YC\ \C\ \C\

H43&+ 0&./ IMZPC\ \C\ \C\

K#0/ IMhMC\ IM[PMC[ IM]bZCZ

;*/&( I[hhC\ IMPh\Ch IMPYYC]

R8&+$/ 0/+/&5$ Mh]C\ IMCf IPCZ

0;(+' 4#;-&%( @6)%$D$% @&66;#( ZM[]L[8N ZM]NT8] ZM^Y[8M

;<=2 S8(#9#0&(#8. 08.0/+.#.3 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 0866#(6/.($ $4D6#((/7 D1 -.7#&C

!,,)B 0+C') \2 H;,Z4#;-&%(Z@6)%$D$% !=@

0;(+' ,;,Z6#;-&%(Z56)%$D$% 5&66;#(

UV@ W <$''$;,X

=)+5&#) (E6)U5X

MZZfXZY MZZYXZb MZZbXZh

E/+(#5#>/+ $4D$#71 M2hY]CM] P2\YbChf P2fbZCf\

R+/7#( $4D$#71 M\MCZf

H4D$#71 8. /5/0(+#0#(1 P2][YCY] M2hYbCbb M2bMPCfZ

-++#3&(#8. $4D$#71 M2[]fC]M bMYCM\ bP]Cb\

H4D$#71 8. &B/+&3/$4AA51 89 $//7$

P[CZP \CfP \CYP

<8(&5 f2bbPC\Y,  ]2YfPCP],  f2\MbC]M, 

, S8(#9#/7 &$ !" $%&%$%' ;<=2 S8(#9#0&(#8. 08.0/+.#.3 786/$(#0 $4AA8+( 0866#(6/.($ $4D6#((/7 D1 -.7#&C

 S&(4+/ 89 H4AA8+( MZZfIZY MZZYIZb MZZbIZh

 S8.IA+8740( HA/0#9#0 H4AA8+( f2bbPC\Y ]2YfPCP] f2\MbC]M

Q+8740( HA/0#9#0 H4AA8+( IPZYMZ I[MffCZ[ IPhMbC\M

<8(&5 GTH IP[2h]YCZ] M2]ZYC[M P2P\\C]\

Page 28: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 28/42

  Ph

!,,)B 0+C') ]2 =)+5&#)5 )B)<6( D#;< #)-&%($;, %;<<$(<),(5 Z `R#)), O;B`

=;,)(+#E 7+'&) ;D <)+5&#)5 $,

E)+# $, a&)5($;, UV@W <$''$;,X

=)+5&#) (E6) H+<) +,- -)5%#$6($;, ;D <)+5&#) I$(.

#)D)#),%) (; %#$()#$+ $, !,,)B M

L[[\Q[] L[[]Q[^ L[[^Q[_

L/./+&5 $/+B#0/$ K/$/&+0* MY[C\ MY\CM MhfCh

Q/$( &.7 7#$/&$/ 08.(+85 hCP YCY ZCZ<+&#.#.3 $/+B#0/$ ]Cb MMCb YCb

OF(/.$#8. &.7 &7B#$8+1 $/+B#0/$ I hCP M]CZ

R866&.7 &+/& 7/B/58A6/.( A+83+&66/ MPCM [ZCf [fCP

T&+:/(#.3 &.7 A+868(#8. $/+B#0/$ M\]Ch fCP bC[

-.$A/0(#8. $/+B#0/$ .C&C .C&C .C&C

Q+8B#$#8. 98+ 5#B/$(80: */&5(* 9&0#5#(#/$ M\]Ch fCb MC]

-.9+&$(+40(4+&5 $/+B#0/$ \C\ PC[ [C]

Q4D5#0 $(80:*857#.3 98+ 9887$/04+#(1 A4+A8$/$

"499/+ $(80: 8A/+&(#8.$ MfYZCb Mb\hCb P\MhCP

)86/$(#0 9887 &#7 .C&C .C&C .C&C

-.086/ #.$4+&.0/ R+8A #.$4+&.0/ $0*/6/ M\CZ

K/5#/9 9+86 .&(4+&5 7#$&$(/+$ R+8A #.$4+&.0/ $0*/6/ [MCM PZCY

H0&+0#(1 +/5#/9 &.7 .&(4+&5 0&5&6#(#/$ MPfC\ ]M[CP ]M]CPH(+40(4+&5 &7'4$(6/.(&$$#$(&.0/ A+8B#7/7 (*+843*#.B/$(6/.( &#7$

)+1 5&.7 9&+6#.3 fYCP [MC] ]MCY

H0*/6/ 98+ +/05&6&(#8. 89 &5:&5#./ $8#5$ [C\ [Cf fCh

)+843*(IA+8./ &+/& A+83+&66/ .C&C MC] PhCb

Q&16/.( 4.7/+/.B#+8.6/.(&5 A+83+&66/$

H8#5 08.$/+B&(#8. #. 0&(0*6/.( &+/&$ 89+#B/+ B&55/1 A+8'/0($

MZCf M[CM M[Ch

-.(/3+&(/7 %&(/+$*/7 6&.&3/6/.( #. (*/0&(0*6/.( &+/&$ 89 95887 A+8./ +#B/+$ #.(*/ -.78IL&.3/(#0 D&$#.

ZC\ \C[ \CP

E877/+ 3+&$$5&.7XA&$(4+/ 7/B/58A6/.( .C&C

)/$/+( 7/B/58A6/.( A+83+&66/$ .C&C [\CP [MCY

R8.(+85 89 $*#9(#.3 045(#B&(#8. ]Ch ]CY ]CY

 S&(#8.&5 ;&$(/ V&.7 )/BC Q+83+&66/ [CP MC]

E8+/$( 08.$/+B&(#8. &98+/$(&(#8. jO08.86#0 )/B/58A6/.(

PPC] MhCY

<8(&5 PMZfCY Pf\PC[ PhbPCZ

Page 29: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 29/42

  PZ

!,,)B 0+C') ^2 =)+5&#)5 )B)<6( D#;< (.) #)-&%($;, %;<<$(<),(5 Z @6)%$+' +,-

?$DD)#),($+' 0#)+(<),( Z `?)7)';6<),( 4#;"#+<<)5`

=;,)(+#E 7+'&) ;D <)+5&#) $,

E)+# $, a&)5($;, UV@W <$''$;,X

=)+5&#) (E6) H+<) +,- -)5%#$6($;, ;D <)+5&#) I$(.

#)D)#),%) (; %#$()#$+ $, !#($%') ]2M

MZZfXZY MZZYXZb MZZbXZh

-.B/$(6/.( $4D$#7#/$ 3/./+&551&B&#5&D5/ (8 &3+#045(4+/

=. 9&+6 7/B/58A6/.( %8+: ?9#/57 0*&../5$25&.7 5/B/55#.32 $*&558% %/55$2 /(0C@

M\]Ch MMMfC[ MM[hCY

H6&55 H/0(8+ )/B/58A6/.( H0*/6/ 98+ R899// MCY

OFA&.$#8. &.7 08.$85#7&(#8. 0899// \C[

-.(/+/$( )K- 8(*/+ $4D$#7#/$ 0899// \CY

V8&. 4.7/+ 0899// 7/B/58A6/.( A5&. \C]

H4D$#7#/$ 98+ &$$/( 98+6&(#8. ?A+8B#$#8. 896#50* &.#6&5$2 9&+6 #6A5/6/.($ (8 +/$84+0/

 A88+ 9&+6/+$2 /(0C 4.7/+ 0/+(&#. $0*/6/$@

MCY MC]

G3+#045(4+&5 #.A4( $4D$#7#/$ (858% #.086/ 8+ +/$84+0/ A88+

 A+8740/+$

H6&55 9&+6/+ 7/B/58A6/.( &$$#$(&.0/ M]ZCf MfCY MfC\

=(*/+ #.A4( $4D$#7#/$, [bPMCh ]\M[CZ

L+&.(I#.I&#7 3#B/. 98+ A+8740(#8. 89 A5&.(#.36&(/+#&5 89 0&+7&686$ D8(* $6&55 &.7 5&+3/

\CM \C\

H4D$#71 3#B/. 98+ +/A5&.(#.3 89 $/.#5/ &.74./08.86#0 0&+7&686 3&+7/.$

\C[ \CP

L+&.(I#.I&#7 3#B/. 98+ A8$(I*&+B/$(7/B/58A6/.( 89 $A#0/$

\CM \CM

G$$#$(&.0/ (8 $6&55*857/+$ 98+ /&$1 &00/$$ (8

#.A4($

I

H4D$#71 98+ B&.#55& 7/B/58A6/.( \C\

<8(&5 Pf]C[ ]hffCM fMbMCh

, -.0547/$ $4AA8+( 98+ 9/+(#5#$/+$2 #++#3&(#8.2 /5/0(+#0#(12 $//7$2 /(0C

Page 30: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 30/42

  [\

!,,)B 0+C') _2 AB6;#( @&C5$-$)5 "#+,()- CE 3,-$+

-.(/+.&5 (+&.$A8+( $4D$#7#/$, ?JHi 6#55#8.@ g4&.(#(1 89 $4D$#7#>/7 /FA8+($ ?(8../$@ )/$0+#A(#8.89 A+8740($

MZZYIZb

MZZbIZh

MZZhIZZ

MZZZI\\

P\\\I\M

MZZYIZb

MZZbIZh

MZZhIZZ

MZZZI\\

P\\\I\M

E+/$* 9+4#($ MC] [Cb MCZ MCY \Cf P\MMP fMYP ZhPY Ybff] hh\fPE+/$*B/3/(&D5/$

\ \ \CM \CP \CM P]] Pb [P MZ\ [YY

Q5&.($ &.7958%/+$

\CY \CP \C[ \C] \C[ PMYh b]h Pb[ bbhZP MhMbP

Q845(+1Q+8740($ ?7&1857 0*#0:$&.7 *&(0*#.3*/.$@

\C\ \C\ \CP \CP \CP \C\ \C\ PY[[ PbPf ]\fZ

R&+7&686?$6&55@

\CM \C\ \C\ \C\ \ PPY \C\ \ \C\ \C\

<8(&5 P [CZ PCf PC[ MCM PPbf\ fZ[b MPbY] M]h[YM MM\Y]Z

, )&(& #$ 8.51 #. +/$A/0( 89 #.(/+.&(#8.&5 &#+9+/#3*( &$$#$(&.0/ #. (/+6$ 89 G+(#05/$ ZCM?7@ &.7 ZC]C

Page 31: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 31/42

  [M

!,,)B 0+C') [2 ?;<)5($% @&66;#( "#+,()- CE (.) V,$()- @(+()5 UL[[\ZNLX

?JH i D#55#8.@

@&C5$-$)5Q4#;-&%(5 L[[\ L[[] L[[^ L[[_ L[[[ MNNN MNNL

R#)), O;B ]YC\[ fMCh[ fMCPf ]ZChP ]ZCbf f\C\Y f\CYb

O'&) O;B bC\[ \C\\ \C\\ \C\\ \C\\ \C\\ \C\\

4#;-&%( @6)%$D$% YC[M fCZh YC]Z M\Cfb MYChZ MYCb\ M]CY[

/3 57%27

:;#, \C\[ \C\[ \CMf MCf[ PCff PCbY MCPb

:;((;, \C\[ \C\\ \C]b \CZ[ PC[f MC\f PChM

?+$#E ]CYY ]CYZ ]C]Y ]CfY ]CYY fC\b ]C]h

4)+,&(5 \C]M \C[\ \C[M \C[] \C[f \C]] \C[\

F$%) \C\M \C\M \C\M \C\P \C][ \CYP \CbY

@;EC)+,5 \C\P \C\M \C\f MCPh PChY [CYM [CYM

@&"+# MC\Z \CZM MC\M MC\Y MCPM MCMh MC\Y

0;C+%%; \C\\ \C\P \C\M \C\M \CZP \CfP \C\\

/.)+( \C\\ \C\M \C\] \CfP \CZb \Chf \CMZH;,Z4#;-&%( @6)%$D$% MC[Z MCMM \Cfb ]Cfh bC]M bCPh YCh[

!=@ U,;($D$)-X YCPM fCZ\ YCP] M\C[Z MYChY MYCh\ M]C]M

0;(+' @&C5$-$)5 Y\CbY fhCZP fhC[M Y]CZb b]C\f b]C\] bPCM[

H84+0/^ R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$a 7&(&D&$/

Page 32: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 32/42

  [P

!,,)B 0+C') LN2 ?;<)5($% @&66;#( "#+,()- CE (.) A&#;6)+, V,$;, UL[[\ZMNNLX

?JH i D#55#8.@@&C5$-$)5 L[[\Q[] L[[]Q[^ L[[^Q[_ L[[_Q[[ L[[[QMNNN MNNNQMNNL MNNLQNM

R#)), O;B MT8_Y M\8N_ MN8TM MN8YM L_8T^ L[8\] L[8Y^

O'&) O;B M]8Y] MY8T[ MM8_] ML8_\ L_8MY L[8[N MM8T]0;(+' 4#;-&%( @6)%$D$% ]T8\Y \_8NL \]8MN Y[8^\ YY8LL T[8LN T^8MT

93 57%27

R8668. %*/&( T8M[ T8T] T8MN T8M[ M8][ M8NT L8L^

"&+5/1 M8_\ T8NY T8NM M8_] M8TY L8[^ L8\\

T&#>/ L8NN L8N] L8L^ L8NL N8[M N8]T N8T]

K1/ N8YN N8TY N8T\ N8T\ N8M^ N8ML N8MN

<+#(#0&5/ N8L[ N8MM N8M] N8M^ N8ML N8L[ N8L^

K#0/ N8]Y N8]L N8\^ N8Y^ N8T] N8T\ N8T^

)+#/7 9877/+ N8T_ N8TY N8TY N8TT N8M[ N8M^ N8TN

H43&+ ^8\_ ]8]_ ]8\] ]8L[ \8TL \8MN \8YN

=5#B/ 8#5 L8^\ M8LM M8\Y L8[M L8[L L8_\ M8\M

"&.&.&$ N8M] N8MT N8MT N8L[ N8MM N8M[ N8MNH:#66/7 6#5: A8%7/+ M8M[ L8__ L8^N L8]L L8M] L8T\ L8M[

T#5: N8NN N8NN N8NN N8NN N8NN N8NN N8MN

"4((/+ \8TY Y8^^ Y8^L Y8Y[ Y8N[ T8[_ Y8L[

"//9 L^8^M L\8]M L\8LT LY8M\ LM8N] LN8NM [8L\

R#(+4$ 9+4#( 98+ A+80/$$#.3 N8NN N8NN N8L^ N8LM N8L] N8LM N8MN

<8D&008 L8TM L8LY N8[^ N8[^ N8[L N8_] N8[N

Q8(&(8/$ 98+ A+80/$$#.3 (8 $(&+0* N8NN N8L[ N8MT N8L] N8LY N8L^ N8MN

GAA5/$ T8MN M8T_ M8L_ M8NY M8NM M8NL L8[Y

Q/&+$ N8[Y N8]^ N8]_ N8\[ N8\] N8\] N8\L

Q/&0*/$X./0(&+#./$ N8\^ N8\T N8M] N8YT N8\Y N8Y\ N8Y\

<&D5/ 3+&A/$ N8Y_ N8M\ N8M] N8MY N8MN N8L[ N8MN

V/68.$ N8M[ N8YY N8Y] N8TL N8T[ N8T_ N8M]

R5/6/.(#./$ N8ML N8L_ N8MN N8MN N8ML N8L_ N8L]

=+&.3/$ N8YM N8\L N8Y^ N8TN N8YN N8T_ N8TN

R4046D/+$ N8_T N8Y[ N8]_ N8]T N8\T N8Y_ N8\N

R84+3/((/$ N8NN N8M_ N8L_ N8L[ N8L\ N8LY N8L]

G+(#0*8:/$ N8M[ N8MY N8M\ N8MY N8LN N8LN N8L_

<86&(8/$ \8[\ \8\T \8N^ M8MY M8TM M8T_ L8_T

;#./ M8L^ M8MN M8L^ L8[\ L8_[ N8^M N8_Y

H//7 98+ $8%#.3 N8LM N8LN N8LN N8LM N8LN N8N[ N8N[

R8((8. N8[[ N8__ N8[L N8^] N8\^ N8^L N8\Y

H;,Z4#;-&%( @6)%$D$% N8[[ N8_T N8\Y N8T^ N8M^ N8\N N8\Y

0;(+' @&C5$-$)5 LLY8_M LN_8TN [[8[T [M8T[ _N8[[ ^[8N^ ^[8]N

H84+0/^ R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$a 7&(&D&$/

Page 33: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 33/42

  [[

!,,)B 0+C') LL2 ?;<)5($% @&66;#( "#+,()- CE (.) A&#;6)+, V,$;, UL[[\ZMNNLX

?OJK i D#55#8.@@&C5$-$)5 L[[\Q[] L[[]Q[^ L[[^Q[_ L[[_Q[[ L[[[QMNNN MNNNQMNNL MNNLQNM

R#)), O;B L_8^_ MM8LT L_8L^ L[8L^ L[8[T ML8_Y MN8]]

O'&) O;B MN8_\ ML8\M MN8YY MN8\N L[8^[ MM8MM MT8^T0;(+' 4#;-&%( @6)%$D$% \N8N] \L8L[ \N8M\ Y]8][ Y^8_^ YT8]] T[8\N

93 57%27

R8668. %*/&( M8\[ M8[] M8_] T8N[ M8[M M8M^ L8MY

"&+5/1 M8M\ M8]_ M8^N M8][ M8\Y M8L[ L8]Y

T&#>/ N8^[ N8[Y L8N\ N8[\ L8NN N8^L N8T_

K1/ N8TM N8TN N8TL N8TT N8M[ N8MY N8ML

<+#(#0&5/ N8L\ N8MN N8MT N8M\ N8MT N8ML N8L_

K#0/ N8\L N8\Y N8\L N8YY N8T[ N8T[ N8YN

)+#/7 9877/+ N8TN N8TN N8TL N8TL N8TL N8TL N8TM

R*#0:IA/&$2 5/.(#5$ &.7 B/(0*/$ N8N^ N8N^ N8N^ N8N^ N8N^ N8N^ N8N^

H43&+ \8[^ \8[N \8_^ \8_L \8^] \8_L \8^T

=5#B/ 8#5 L8T_ L8_^ M8M^ L8_N M8N^ M8N^ M8]_"&.&.&$ N8MN N8ML N8ML N8L_ N8MT N8TT N8ML

H:#66/7 6#5: A8%7/+ L8_L L8]] L8\M L8\L L8T^ L8\L L8T^

T#5: N8NN N8NN N8NN N8NN N8NN N8NN N8ML

"4((/+ Y8ML Y8ML Y8ML Y8ML Y8YY Y8YY Y8YY

"//9 LT8[] LT8^[ LT8\T LT8T_ LT8N[ LL8L[ [8^L

R#(+4$ 9+4#( 98+ A+80/$$#.3 N8NN N8NN N8L\ N8LL N8L_ N8LT N8ML

<8D&008 L8NY L8NL N8_^ N8[L N8[_ N8[] N8[\

Q8(&(8/$ 98+ A+80/$$#.3 (8 $(&+0* N8NN N8L^ N8MN N8L\ N8L\ N8L_ N8ML

GAA5/$ M8\M M8LN L8[\ L8[M M8L[ M8M\ M8N]

Q/&+$ N8^Y N8]N N8]L N8\\ N8]N N8]T N8\Y

Q/&0*/$X./0(&+#./$ N8Y\ N8Y^ N8MT N8YN N8\[ N8\N N8Y^

<&D5/ 3+&A/$ N8T_ N8MM N8MT N8MM N8MM N8ML N8MM

V/68.$ N8MT N8T_ N8YL N8M[ N8YM N8YT N8M_

R5/6/.(#./$ N8L^ N8L] N8L_ N8L_ N8MT N8ML N8L^

=+&.3/$ N8TT N8Y\ N8YM N8M_ N8YT N8YM N8TM

R4046D/+$ N8]] N8YY N8]L N8\[ N8\_ N8\Y N8\Y

R84+3/((/$ N8NN N8M\ N8L] N8L^ N8L^ N8L] N8L^

G+(#0*8:/$ N8MT N8ML N8MM N8MM N8LL N8LL N8MN

<86&(8/$ Y8][ Y8__ Y8\T M8LN M8\M M8]] L8[Y

;#./ L8^L L8[Y L8[Y L8_T M8N\ N8_L N8_[

H//7 98+ $8%#.3 N8N[ N8N[ N8N[ N8LL N8LL N8LN N8LN

R8((8. N8^_ N8^^ N8_L N8^M N8]M N8_N N8\_

H;,Z4#;-&%( @6)%$D$% N8^_ N8^T N8Y[ N8T\ N8M[ N8\] N8\^0;(+' @&C5$-$)5 [N8Y] [\8\^ _[8T\ _]8^L _^8__ __8M[ _Y8Y]

H84+0/^ R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$a 7&(&D&$/

Page 34: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 34/42

  []

!,,)B 0+C') LM2 ?) <$,$<$5 56),-$," CE (.) V@

b)+#5 ?) <$,$<$5

56),-$,"

?JH i D#55#8.@

?) <$,$<$5 56),-$,"

+5 S ;D (#+-)

-$5(;#($," -;<)5($%

5&66;#(L[[\ MCf MZC[

L[[] MCP MYC]

L[[^ \Ch MMC]

L[[_ ]Cb [MC[

L[[[ bC] [\CY

MNNN bC[ [\C]

MNNL bC\ [PCh

H84+0/^ R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$a 7&(&D&$/

!,,)B 0+C') LT2 ?) <$,$<$5 56),-$," CE (.) AV

b)+#5 ?) <$,$<$5

56),-$,"?OJK D#55#8.@

?) <$,$<$5 56),-$,"

+5 S ;D (#+-)

-$5(;#($," -;<)5($%

5&66;#(

L[[\ \Ch MCY

L[[] \CZ MCb

L[[^ \Cf MCM

L[[_ \C] \Ch

L[[[ \C[ \CYMNNN \CY MC[

MNNL \Ch PC\

H84+0/^ R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$a 7&(&D&$/

Page 35: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 35/42

  [f

!,,)B 0+C') LY2 A&#;6)+, V,$;,2 1&('+E5 ;, AB6;#( @&C5$-$)5

?#. JH i 6#55#8.@

b)+#5=+P;# 4#;-&%(5

L[[\Z[] L[[]Z[^ L[[^Z[_ L[[_Z[[ L[[[ZMNNN MNNNZMNNL

-.08+A8+&(/7 A+8740($ YP[Cb Y[ZCf YM[CZ Y\bCh YYMCZ [YhCf

=(*/+ 6#5: A+8740($ ZP]CM hPbCP h[ZCY h\]C] h[[C\ [YfC\"//9 T/&( MZM[C[ MbPfCP Z[[CP YhMCf YYhC\ []MCM

H43&+ ?f@ ]hMC[ fZ[C[ hY]Cb h]PCf ][PCf [[MCb

"4((/+ &.7 D4((/+ 8#5 [PfC] YP[Cf []]Cb [\PCh [\YCb [\\Cb

R*//$/ fffCh [\YCY MZfC] MfhC\ PMYCZ PMMCh

R8&+$/ 3+&#.$ [hfC[ ][ZCY [\[C[ h\ZCZ YbMCh Mb\C]

;*/&( &.7 %*/&( 9584+ Mf\Cb [fhCh MZbCP f[\C[ ]YhCY ZYC]

G508*85 YfC\ M[[CZ MMbCM MPhCf P\MCM hfCM

Q845(+1 6/&( M]bCP hPCf h]Cf ZfCM YZCM f\CY

Q#3 6/&( MPbCY h\C[ hPCY [bbCf PP[CY [\CM

K#0/ [hCf hMCY [YCP PbCM P]C[ PhCb

E+4#( &.7 B/3/(&D5/$2 9+/$* hZC] YZCh PhCZ [[Cf []CP P]C\

H:#6 6#5: A8%7/+ MbhCZ MZPCP MPZCP P\[CP [M\Ch P[C[

<8(&5 YP\[Ch YPhhCf ]h]MC\ fYfYC] fMY]CY P]fZCP

H84+0/^ R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$a 7&(&D&$/

!,,)B 0+C') L\2 V,$()- @(+()52 1&('+E5 ;, AB6;#( @&C5$-$)5 U$, V@W 9NNNX

b)+#5=+P;# 4#;-&%(5

L[[\ L[[] L[[^ L[[_ L[[[ MNNN

Q845(+1 6/&( fCP \C\ hYPCf M[ZZCh MY][Cf YhP[C[

H:#6 6#5: A8%7/+ MYCh Z[Ch hhbZhC] M[[Ph]C[ ]f[[[C\ YbPbCf

R*//$/ PCM PCf [Z\fCP ]MY]CP ffY]C] MbY\Cb

<8(&5 PbCY MP[Cf MMPPPZCP M]Yb\ZCZ h\MYfCY Mf[M[CfH84+0/^ R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$a 7&(&D&$/

Page 36: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 36/42

  [Y

!,,)B 0+C') L]2 K;;- !$- 6#;7$-)- CE (.) V,$()- @(+()5 +,- (.) A&#;6)+, V,$;,

?#. (8../$@

V,$()- @(+()5b)+#?)5%#$6($;, ;D

6#;-&%(5 L[[\ L[[] L[[^ L[[_ L[[[ MNNN

;*/&( Mf[MC[ M]]ZCM M\bfCP [P\PCP f[MfCM P[Y]Cb

R8&+$/ 3+&#.$ b[CY MPZCf MMYCP MMMCb bhCP ]fC[

K#0/ M]ZCb MhhCf MMMC[ [hPCb Z[fCY [\[C[

d/3/(&D5/ 8#5$ Mb[CY MbfCM MfbC[ \C\ M]]\C] [YfC[

H:#6 6#5: [C] \C\ \C\ \C\ PY\CY P]CP

A&#;6)+, V,$;,

b)+#5?)5%#$6($;, ;D

6#;-&%(5

L[[\Z[] L[[]Z[^ L[[^Z[_ L[[_Z[[ L[[[ZMNNN MNNNZMNNL;*/&( &.7 %*/&( Mf[YCZ ?%*/&( /_C@ bbfCY bMMCM Y[\Ch MMhYCM ][YC]

R8&+$/ 3+&#.$ PhfC[ P\fC\ PMfCf M[YCf MMZC[ ]]Ch

K#0/ ZMChm45 Zf I m4./ ZY

]PCf MM\CP Y[Cf MPfCf PMCP

H84+0/^ R/.(+/ 98+ ;<= H(47#/$a 7&(&D&$/

!,,)B 0+C') L^2 !"#$%&'(&#+' AB6;#( +,- K;;- !$- 4#;"#+<<)5 ;D (.) V,$()- @(+()5 UL[[\Z

MNNMX

?JH i6#55#8.@4#;"#+<<)5 L[[\ L[[] L[[^ L[[_ L[[[ MNNN MNNL

UA5(8X

MNNM

UO&-")(X

OFA8+( O.*&.0/6/.( Q+83+&6 [[Z f \ P M P ]bh ]bh

)&#+1 OFA8+( -.0/.(#B/ M]\ P\ MPM MM\ M]f bb [] ]P

T&+:/( G00/$$ Q+83+&6 MM\ Z\ Z\ Z\ Z\ Z\ Z\ Z\

E8+/#3. T&+:/( )/B(C Q+83+&6 I I I I Ph Ph Ph Ph

RRR OFA8+( R+/7#( L4&+&.(//$ PZPM [P[\ [hbY ]\[b [\]f [\hP [bZP [Z\]

QCVC]h\ E887 G#7 MPhY MP\b M\f] MMf] MbZY M\bY MM\b ZZf

H/0(#8. ]MY?D@ ] h] P \Cf ]Ph f\] fYf I

E887 98+ Q+83+/$$ M]Y h] ZM MMM M\M MPM Z] Z]

E8+/#3. G3+#045(4+&5 H/+B#0/ MfZ MYb MZM MhM Mbh P\\ Mh[ P\b

<8(&5 fM\f ]hhb ]]Pf fbZ\ YPbM f[M\ Y[Z\ fh[h

H84+0/^ N&.+&*&. R*&+5/$ OC ?P\\M@2 G3+#045(4+&5 OFA8+( &.7 E887 G#7 Q+83+&6$2 R8.3+/$$#8.&5K/$/&+0* H/+B#0/ -$$4/ "+#/92 <*/ S&(#8.&5 R84.0#5 98+ H0#/.0/ &.7 O.B#+8.6/.(2 ;&$*#.3(8.8

Page 37: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 37/42

  [b

!,,)B 0+C') L_2 =KH C;&,- 0+#$DD5 D;# !"#$%&'(&#+' 4#;-&%(5 D;# 1A:? :;&,(#$)5

?9#3$ #. u@:;&,(#$)5 O$,-$,"

:;7)#+")

@$<6')

!7)#+")

=+B$<&<

+- 7+';#)<

?&(E

K#))

H;, +-

7+';#)<

G4$(+&5#& M\\C\ [CP PZ [PCP PCM

R&.&7& M\\C\ [Cf P[hC[ ]MCh PY

R>/0* K/AC M\\C\ M\ MPf [hCb \

O4+8A/&. J.#8. M\\C\ fCh b]CZ PYCb ]\Ch

N4.3&+1 M\\C\ Pb MPbCf bCb \

-0/5&.7 M\\C\ ][C] PPZ MhCY P]Cf

m&A&. M\\C\ YCZ YMCZ PhCb PPCb

n8+/&2 K/AC ZZCM fPCZ hhbC] PCP ]Cb

T/F#08 M\\C\ [fCM bP \C[ bCf

 S/% w/&5&.7 M\\C\ fCb [fCP fMC[ \Cb

 S8+%&1 M\\C\ MCP PfCf PMC] bfCP

Q85&.7 ZZCZ [PCZ P[\ PC[ [YCf

H58B&: K/AC M\\C\ M\ MPf [hCb \H%#(>/+5&.7 M\\C\ \ \ MbC] hPCY

<4+:/1 M\\C\ Y\CP PPf \C\ \C\

J.#(/7 H(&(/$ M\\C\ YCZ [f\ PhCb ]ZCY

GB/+&3/ ZZCZ MZC\ MbbCP PPC[ P[C[

!,,)B 0+C') L[2 =KH +66'$)- (+#$DD5 D;# +"#$%&'(&#+' 6#;-&%(5 D;# 1A:? :;&,(#$)5

?9#3$ #. u@:;&,(#$)5 b)+# @$<6')

+7)#+")

=+B$<&<

+- 7+';#)<

?&(EZD#))

'$,)5

USX

H;, !-

7+';#)<

G4$(+&5#& P\\M MCM fC\ bYCf \CbR&.&7& P\\M [C\ P[hC\ ]ZCh MZCZ

R>/0* K/AC P\\M M\C\ MPfC\ [hCh \C\

O4+8A/&. J.#8. P\\P fCZ b]CZ PfCh [ZCZ

N4.3&+1 P\\M PfCh MPbCf hCY \C\

-0/5&.7 P\\\ bC\ bhC\ fbCh PMCM

m&A&. P\\M bCM f\C\ PZCP P[CP

n8+/&2 K/AC P\\M ]fCf ZMbC\ MCZ [CM

T/F#08 P\\M P[C] PY\C\ PCM fCY

 S/% w/&5&.7 MZZZ MCb bC\ YYCZ \C[

 S8+%&1 P\\P hC] fffC\ PYCZ b\C[

Q85&.7 P\\M ]MCZ YbYCb [C\ PYC\

H58B&: K/AC P\\M ZCZ MPfC\ [hCh \C\H%#(>/+5&.7 P\\M \C\ \C\ MhCZ hMCM

<4+:/1 P\\M ]PCP P[PCf M]C[ hCM

J.#(/7 H(&(/$ P\\M ]Cb [f\C\ PhCf MCh

GB/+&3/ M]CZ P[hCZ [\Cf MhCh

Page 38: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 38/42

  [h

!,,)B 0+C') MN2 =KH C;&,- 0+#$DD5 D;# !"#$%&'(&#+' 4#;-&%(5

?9#3$ #. u@:;&,(#$)5 O$,-$,"

:;7)#+") USX

@$<6')

!7)#+")

=+B$<&<

+- 7+';#)<

?&(EZD#))

(+#$DD '$,)5

H;, +-

7+';#)<

G+3/.(#.& M\\C\ [PCY [fC\ \CM \C\

"+&>#5 M\\C\ [fCf ffC\ PCP \C\

R*#.& M\\C\ MfCh YfC\ PCh \C\

-.7#& M\\C\ MM]Cf [\\C\ \C\ \C[

T/F#08 M\\C\ [fCM bPC\ \C[ bCf

H84(* G9+#0& ZZCb [ZCh fZbC\ PPC] \C\

GB/+&3/ M\\C\ ]fCY MhbC[ ]CY MC[

!,,)B 0+C') ML2 =KH +66'$)- (+#$DD5 D;# +"#$%&'(&#+' 6#;-&%(5

?9#3$ #. u@:;&,(#$)5 b)+# @$<6')

+7)#+")

=+B$<&<

+- 7+';#)<

?&(EZD#))

(+#$DD '$,)5

H;, !-

7+';#)<

G+3/.(#.& P\\M MPC[ PPCf [C\ \C\

"+&>#5 P\\M MPCf ffC\ [C\ \C\

R*#.& P\\P MZCP bMC\ PCf \CY

-.7#& P\\M [bC\ PM\C8 PCY \C[

T/F#08 P\\M P[C] PY\C\ PCM fCY

H84(* G9+#0& P\\M hCb ffC\ ]PC] M[C[

GB/+&3/ MhCZ MMPC[ ZC[ [C[

@;&#%) UD;# (+C')5 ML (; MTX2 /01 UMNNTXc /;#'- 0#+-) F)6;#(c 68 L[]ZML^8

Page 39: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 39/42

Page 40: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 40/42

Page 41: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 41/42

  ]M

!,,)B 0+C') MY2 V5) ;D H;,Z!- J+';#)< 0+#$DD5 CE 5)')%( /01 =)<C)#5

/01 =)<C)# 0;(+' ,;8 ;D (+#$DD

'$,)5 $, +"#$%&'(&#)

H;8 ;D ,;,Z+-

7+';#)< (+#$DD '$,)5

S ;D ,;,Z+-

7+';#)< (+#$DD

'$,)5

G4$(+&5#& bPf M] MCZ

R&.&7& M2[]M ]\] [\CMO31A( hP[ M] MCb

OJ?Mf@ P2P\f M2\M\ ]fCh

-0/5&.7 M2Y\] [Y[ PPCY

-.7#& YZb P \C[

m&A&. M2[]] P]b MhC]

n8+/&2 K/A4D5#0 89 M2f\\ Yh ]Cf

T&5&1$#& M2[P\ []Y PYCP

T/F#08 M2\h[ h[ bCb

 S/% w/&5&.7 M2\\] M\ MC\

 S8+%&1 M2\Y\ bPP YhCM

H%#(>/+5&.7 P2MbZ M2Z]\ hZC\

<*&#5&.7 bb] [[Z ][ChJ.#(/7 H(&(/$ M2bbb bff ]PCf

H84+0/^ ;<=C P\\]D

!,,)B 0+C') M\2 @$<6') +7)#+") D$'' #+()5 ;D 0+#$DD G&;(+5 UL[[\ZMNNNX

@$<6') +7)#+") D$'' #+()5 USX4#$,%$6+' +-<$,$5(#+($;, <)(.;-

L[[\ L[[] L[[^ L[[_ L[[[ MNNN

GAA5#/7 (&+#99$ bM Yf Yf bM b\ Yb

E#+$(I086/2 9#+$(I$/+B/7 fY YM ]b fM Y[ SCGC

V#0/.0/$ 8. 7/6&.7 fZ fb ff f] fP ]\

G40(#8.#.3 [\ [h Y\ [Z P] SCGC

N#$(8+#0&5 #6A8+(/+$ ZM hM bY bM Yf ]]

-6A8+($ D1 $(&(/ (+&7#.3 /.(/+A+#$/$ hM h[ Z\ ZM M\\ SCGC

Q+8740/+ 3+84A$X&$$80#&(#8.$ b] f[ hf bh SCGC SCGC

=(*/+ [b [h [Z ]f ]] Z]

T#F/7 &5580&(#8. 6/(*87$ bf h] hf h] b] M\\

 S8.I$A/0#9#/7 M\\ ]] fb ]] ]M SCGC

17)#+'' ]] ]T ]M ]T ]M YY

 S8(/^ E#55 +&(/$ &+/ 0&5045&(/7 98+ M\[[2 M\hM2 MMYY2 MM[]2 hPb &.7 M[Y (&+#99 _48(&$ #. (*/ +/$A/0(#B/ 1/&+$MZZfIP\\\H84+0/^ ;<=2 <&+#99 g48(& G76#.#$(+&(#8. T/(*87$ G.7 <&+#99 g48(& E#552 "&0:3+84.7 Q&A/+ D1 (*/H/0+/(&+#&(2 T&1 P\\MC

Page 42: 1. WTO and  Agriculture Dhar

8/9/2019 1. WTO and Agriculture Dhar

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-wto-and-agriculture-dhar 42/42

:.+#( L2 :;5(5 +,- 4#$%)5 ;D /.)+( $, (.) V@ 

\C\

f\C\

M\\C\

Mf\C\

P\\C\

Pf\C\

MZZ\ MZZM MZZP MZZ[ MZZ] MZZf MZZY MZZb MZZh MZZZ P\\\ P\\M P\\P

b)+#5

   V   @   W  6  )  #   (  ;  ,  ,  )

0;(+' )%;,;<$% %;5(5 d+#7)5(Z6)#$;- 6#$%)5 3,()#,+($;,+' 6#$%)5 

:.+#( M2 :;5(5 +,- 4#$%)5 ;D F$%) $, (.) V@

\C\

f\C\

M\\C\

Mf\C\

P\\C\

Pf\C\

[\\C\

[f\C\

]\\C\

MZZ\ MZZM MZZP MZZ[ MZZ] MZZf MZZY MZZb MZZh MZZZ P\\\ P\\M P\\P

b)+#5

   V   @   W  6  )  #   (  ;  ,  ,  )

0;(+' )%;,;<$% %;5(5 d+#7)5(Z6)#$;- 6#$%)5 3,()#,+($;,+' 6#$%)5 

)&(& $84+0/$ 98+ R*&+($ M &.7 P^ JH)G 98+ JH 08$($ &.7 A+#0/$` -TE 98+ #.(/+.&(#8.&5 A+#0/$