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WORLD CLASS WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITIESUNIVERSITIES

Megawati SantosoMegawati Santoso

Direktorat Kelembagaan Direktorat Kelembagaan DITJEN DIKTI DITJEN DIKTI May-2007 May-2007

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REFERENCES REFERENCES

The Workshop of the International The Workshop of the International Education (8-9 November 2006) Education (8-9 November 2006)

Works of World Class University Works of World Class University Team formed by Minister of National Team formed by Minister of National Education (2006) Education (2006)

On line search literatures (2007)On line search literatures (2007)

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Rankings Systems (International & Rankings Systems (International & Indonesia) & It’s foundationIndonesia) & It’s foundation

Rankings vs qualityRankings vs quality Are we going world class?Are we going world class? How do we start? How do we start?

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Ranking SystemsRanking Systems

Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU)Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) Times Higher Education Supplement Times Higher Education Supplement

(THES)(THES) US News & World ReportUS News & World Report CHE/DAAD in GermanyCHE/DAAD in Germany WebomatricsWebomatrics Many others sprouting (200 USA, Many others sprouting (200 USA,

4ICU)4ICU)

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Prof. Nian Cai LIU Leader of the Shanghai Ranking GroupShanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. of China

Prof. Detlef Müller-BölingDirector of the Center for Higher Education Development CHEGütersloh, Germany

Dr. Jan SadlakDirector of the European Center for Higher Education CEPES, UNESCO,

Bucharest Romania

Mr. Martin InceCommissioning Editor

Times Higher Education Supplement THES, London, UK

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INDONESIA CRITERIAINDONESIA CRITERIA

Kriteria Majelis Penelitian Untuk Tolok Kriteria Majelis Penelitian Untuk Tolok Ukur Penelitian Ukur Penelitian

Kriteria Direktorat Kelembagaan Untuk Kriteria Direktorat Kelembagaan Untuk Tolok Ukur Kesehatan Organisasi, Tolok Ukur Kesehatan Organisasi, Output, Outcome Output, Outcome

Kriteria Mutu Untuk Tingkat Institusi Kriteria Mutu Untuk Tingkat Institusi (Tpsdp, Imhere, Phk, Grantees) (Tpsdp, Imhere, Phk, Grantees)

Kriteria Mutu Untuk Tingkat Program Kriteria Mutu Untuk Tingkat Program Studi (Tpsdp, Imhere, Phk, Grantees) Studi (Tpsdp, Imhere, Phk, Grantees)

Dan menambahkan kriteria baru: Dan menambahkan kriteria baru: Kriteria Kemanfaatan Pt Bagi BangsaKriteria Kemanfaatan Pt Bagi Bangsa

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Ranking System FondationsRanking System Fondations Needs of valuable Scientific researchesNeeds of valuable Scientific researches Expansion of Worldwide R&D activities Expansion of Worldwide R&D activities The number and intensity of student and The number and intensity of student and

researcher exchange programs, researcher exchange programs, international collaboration, and working international collaboration, and working stays outside the own country stays outside the own country

The strong demand for accountability, The strong demand for accountability, evidence of quality, and ‘value for money’. evidence of quality, and ‘value for money’.

Increasing competition for financial Increasing competition for financial support and for the best students and support and for the best students and researchers between universities within researchers between universities within nations and worldwide. nations and worldwide.

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Universities strive for belonging to the top Universities strive for belonging to the top of their country, or even to the world top. of their country, or even to the world top. This implies the existence of some kind of This implies the existence of some kind of a league (a national one, or an a league (a national one, or an international one), to which one can only international one), to which one can only be admitted on the basis of performance. be admitted on the basis of performance. 

The higher the performance, the better The higher the performance, the better chances a university has to become a chances a university has to become a member of an elite league and to reach a member of an elite league and to reach a high ranking position in this league. high ranking position in this league. Clearly, the basic question is: How can we Clearly, the basic question is: How can we identify the best universities in the world? identify the best universities in the world?

Ranking System FondationsRanking System Fondations

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Ranking VS QualityRanking VS Quality

SJTUSJTU Quality of Education: alumni with awardsQuality of Education: alumni with awards Quality of Academics: academics with awardsQuality of Academics: academics with awards Research Output: bibliometric data & citationsResearch Output: bibliometric data & citations Size: output related to sizeSize: output related to size

THESTHES Peer review (40%), recruiter review (10%)Peer review (40%), recruiter review (10%) Int’l faculty & students (10%)Int’l faculty & students (10%) Staff:Student ratio (20%)Staff:Student ratio (20%) Citations by faculty (20%) – size adjustedCitations by faculty (20%) – size adjusted

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Webomatrics Webomatrics “ PageRank relies on the uniquely

democratic nature of the web by using its vast link structure as an indicator of an individual page's value. In essence, Google interprets a link from page A to page B as a vote, by page A, for page B. But, Google looks at more than the sheer volume of votes, or links a page receives; it also analyzes the page that casts the vote. Votes cast by pages that are themselves "important" weigh more heavily and help to make other pages "important". ”

Ranking VS QualityRanking VS Quality

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Top 200 USATop 200 USA1 Peer assess- ment score (5.0=highest) 10 Graduation & retention rank 2 Average freshman retention rate 11 2005 predicted graduation rate 3 2005 actual graduation rate 12 2005 overperf.(+)/ underperf.(-) 4 Faculty resources rank 13 % of classes w/fewer than 20 ('05) 5 % of classes w/50 or more ('05) 14 Student/ faculty ratio ('05) 6 % faculty who are full time ('05) 15 Selectivity rank 7 SAT/ACT 25th-75th percentile ('05) 16 Freshmen in top 10% of HS class 8 Acceptance rate ('05) 17 Financial resources rank 9 Alumni giving rank 18 Avg. alumni giving rate

Ranking VS QualityRanking VS Quality

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•4icu.org Web Popularity Ranking methodology

Universities and Colleges are sorted by our exclusive 4icu.org Web Popularity Ranking.

The ranking is based upon an algorithm including three unbiased and independent web metrics: Google Page Rank, total number of inbound links and Alexa Traffic Rank.

The aim of this website is to provide an approximate and relative popularity index of world-wide Universities and Colleges based upon the popularity of their website. This can especially help international students to understand how popular a specific University or College is in a foreign country.

We do not, by any means, claim to rank organisations, or their programs, by the quality of education or level of services provided.

Ranking VS QualityRanking VS Quality

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Ranking VS QualityRanking VS Quality THESTHESCriteria Indicator Brief Description Weight*

Peer Review Composite score drawn from peer review (which is divided into five subject areas). 3,703 responses from 190.000 respondents.

40% Research Quality

Citations per Faculty

Score based on research performance factored against the size of the research body

20%

Graduate Employability

Recruiter Review

Score based on responses to recruiter survey. 738 responses

10%

International Faculty

Score based on proportion of international faculty

5% International Outlook International

Students Score based on proportion of international students

5%

Teaching Quality

Student Faculty

Score based on student/faculty ratio 20%

UI = 250; ITB = 258; UGM = 270; UNDIP = 495

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WEBOMATRICS

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RANK UNIVERSITY world R

1   NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 1392   NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY 1503   KEIO UNIVERSITY 1524   UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO 1575   BEIJING UNIVERSITY 1906   CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG 2167   UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG 2188   KYOTO UNIVERSITY 2399   NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY 300

10   TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY CHINA 33611   SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 33712   UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA 33813   HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 36273   INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BANDUNG 92774   BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY 93475   HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 93780   TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE 98284   KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY 1,00985   TONGJI UNIVERSITY 1,01186   INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR 1,01889   TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY 1,02590   MEIJI UNIVERSITY 1,032100   GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY 1,076

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ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS?

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ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS? ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS?

The Costs and Benefits of World-Class UniversitiesThe Costs and Benefits of World-Class UniversitiesBy Philip G. AltbachBy Philip G. Altbach

The dictionary defines world class as "ranking The dictionary defines world class as "ranking among the foremost in the world; of an among the foremost in the world; of an international standard of excellence." international standard of excellence."

Fair enough, but in higher education, who Fair enough, but in higher education, who decides? The following characteristics have by decides? The following characteristics have by no means been agreed upon by teams of no means been agreed upon by teams of experts—they are meant simply as benchmarks experts—they are meant simply as benchmarks to provide the basis for debate and analysis. to provide the basis for debate and analysis.

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ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS? ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS?

John D. Rockefeller once asked Charles W. Eliot, John D. Rockefeller once asked Charles W. Eliot, president of Harvard University for almost forty years in president of Harvard University for almost forty years in the late nineteenth century, what it would take to the late nineteenth century, what it would take to create the equivalent of a world-class university. Eliot create the equivalent of a world-class university. Eliot responded that it would require $50 million and two responded that it would require $50 million and two hundred years. He was wrong. At the beginning of the hundred years. He was wrong. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the University of Chicago became a twentieth century, the University of Chicago became a world-class institution in two decades for slightly more world-class institution in two decades for slightly more than $50 million—donated by Rockefeller himself. The than $50 million—donated by Rockefeller himself. The price tag for such an endeavor has ballooned since price tag for such an endeavor has ballooned since then, not only because of inflation but also because of then, not only because of inflation but also because of the increased complexity and cost of academic the increased complexity and cost of academic institutions today. The competition has also become institutions today. The competition has also become much fiercer. Now, it might take more than $500 much fiercer. Now, it might take more than $500 million along with clever leadership and much good million along with clever leadership and much good luck. luck.

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ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS? ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS?

Excellence in research underpins the Excellence in research underpins the idea of world class—research that is idea of world class—research that is recognized by peers and that pushes recognized by peers and that pushes back the frontiers of knowledge. back the frontiers of knowledge.

Academic freedom and an Academic freedom and an atmosphere of intellectual atmosphere of intellectual excitement are also central to a excitement are also central to a world-class university. world-class university.

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ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS? ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS?

The governance of the institution is very The governance of the institution is very important. World-class universities have a important. World-class universities have a significant measure of internal self-significant measure of internal self-governance and an entrenched tradition, governance and an entrenched tradition, often buttressed by statutes, ensuring that often buttressed by statutes, ensuring that the academic community has control over the the academic community has control over the central elements of academic life—the central elements of academic life—the admission of students, the curriculum, the admission of students, the curriculum, the criteria for the award of degrees, the criteria for the award of degrees, the selection of new members of the selection of new members of the professoriate, and the basic direction of the professoriate, and the basic direction of the academic work of the institution. academic work of the institution.

Adequate facilities for academic work are Adequate facilities for academic work are essentialessential

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ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS? ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS?

Adequate funding must be available to Adequate funding must be available to support the university's research and support the university's research and teaching as well as its other functions, and teaching as well as its other functions, and the support must be consistent and long the support must be consistent and long term. term.

Funding is a special challenge now, because Funding is a special challenge now, because governments in many countries are governments in many countries are disinvesting in higher education. Academic disinvesting in higher education. Academic institutions are everywhere asked to pay for institutions are everywhere asked to pay for an increasing part of their budgets through an increasing part of their budgets through tuition and student fees, funds raised by tuition and student fees, funds raised by consulting and selling research-based consulting and selling research-based products, and other revenue-generating products, and other revenue-generating activities.activities.

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ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS? ARE WE GOING WORLD CLASS? IN CONCLUSION: IN CONCLUSION:

Research universities have the ability to Research universities have the ability to raise significant funds through various raise significant funds through various means, but no substitute exists for means, but no substitute exists for consistent and substantial public financial consistent and substantial public financial support. Without it, developing and support. Without it, developing and sustaining world-class universities is sustaining world-class universities is impossible.impossible.

HOW IS PUBLIC SUPPORT US: HOW IS PUBLIC SUPPORT US: When we deliver quality of education When we deliver quality of education

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How do we start?How do we start?

DGHE has set the 2010 vision for DGHE has set the 2010 vision for higher education in Indonesia in which higher education in Indonesia in which QUALITY has been the first focus that QUALITY has been the first focus that national higher education institutions in national higher education institutions in Indonesia must be working onIndonesia must be working on

Internationalization of higher education Internationalization of higher education is believed to be one among the ways is believed to be one among the ways that can lead a higher education that can lead a higher education institution to achieve quality institution to achieve quality

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InternationalisationInternationalisation

““Way of thinking and acting not Way of thinking and acting not constrained by national constrained by national boundaries or traditions and boundaries or traditions and which actively seeks inspiration, which actively seeks inspiration, understanding, and input from understanding, and input from outside (Indonesia)”outside (Indonesia)”

--paraphrased from 1999 Monash U. annual plan, paraphrased from 1999 Monash U. annual plan, cited by cited by Grant McBurnie in “Pursuing Grant McBurnie in “Pursuing Internationalization…”Internationalization…”

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What is the goal?What is the goal?

Comprehensive internationalization Comprehensive internationalization of the university?of the university?

““World class” university?World class” university?

Systematic steps toward excellence?Systematic steps toward excellence?

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International PositioningInternational Positioning

How our target group sees us in relation How our target group sees us in relation to your competitionto your competition

It is about the students’ perception of usIt is about the students’ perception of us The defining characteristics of our The defining characteristics of our

university have placed us where we are university have placed us where we are nownow

Mismatch (?) between how we see Mismatch (?) between how we see ourself and how our prospective ourself and how our prospective students see usstudents see us

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Positioning – parameters (PQSDP)Positioning – parameters (PQSDP)

Pricing Pricing luxury, quality, good value, low value, cheaper, luxury, quality, good value, low value, cheaper,

cheapestcheapest Quality Quality

what is the prospective student’s perception of your what is the prospective student’s perception of your quality ?quality ?

Service & SupportService & Support what’s that ?what’s that ?

DistributionDistribution transnational delivery, local consumption, e-deliverytransnational delivery, local consumption, e-delivery

PackagingPackaging your environment and your presentationyour environment and your presentation

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Where to start?Where to start?

Within region (Malaysia, Thailand, Within region (Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Korea, Japan)Vietnam, China, Korea, Japan)

Short-term group study abroad Short-term group study abroad (faculty-led)(faculty-led)

Reciprocal exchanges Reciprocal exchanges (summer/semester)(summer/semester)

Collaborations through research Collaborations through research centerscenters

Join/establish consortiaJoin/establish consortia

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Category Forms and Conditions of Mobility

Development Educational Commercial

Cooperation Linkages Trade People

Students Professors/scholars Researchers/ Experts/consultants

Semester/year abroad Full degrees

Field/research work Internships Sabbaticals Consulting

Programs Course, program sub-degree, degree, post graduate

Twinning Franchised

Articulated/ Validated Joint/Double Award

Online/Distance Providers

Institutions Organizations Companies

Branch Campus Virtual University

Merger/Acquisition Independent Institutions

Projects Academic projects Services

Research Curriculum

Capacity Building Educational services

Source: Jane Knight, 2006

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It can be concluded…It can be concluded… There are many definitions and meanings There are many definitions and meanings

on Internationalization of Higher on Internationalization of Higher Education, but essentially it should contain Education, but essentially it should contain not only physical but also non-physical not only physical but also non-physical aspects.aspects.

To start the internationalization, higher To start the internationalization, higher education institutions must first clearly education institutions must first clearly define what the motivation is, and they define what the motivation is, and they must have internationalization statement must have internationalization statement that is agreed and consistently followed up that is agreed and consistently followed up by the top management of the universities by the top management of the universities

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To be in the ranking list is important but To be in the ranking list is important but it does not mean everything (It does not it does not mean everything (It does not mean that our university is out of the mean that our university is out of the quality) But the most important thing is quality) But the most important thing is how to continuously improve tha quality how to continuously improve tha quality of all aspect of educationof all aspect of education

Accreditation has proved to give good Accreditation has proved to give good motivational effect for institutions, and motivational effect for institutions, and to get more positive respond from to get more positive respond from public and that Accreditation does not public and that Accreditation does not mean automatic comparison, even mean automatic comparison, even locallylocally

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International standard could be International standard could be achieved through continual achieved through continual development of, among others:development of, among others: Flourishing research cultureFlourishing research culture Increase the use of EnglishIncrease the use of English Increase the productivity of existing Increase the productivity of existing

agreements with foreign universitiesagreements with foreign universities Build up and make use of the existing Build up and make use of the existing

linkages with other stake holders out of the linkages with other stake holders out of the campus especially industries and campus especially industries and governmentgovernment

Maintain the relationship with alumni as well Maintain the relationship with alumni as well as with professional associationsas with professional associations

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DON’T FORGET OUR ROLES DON’T FORGET OUR ROLES

YH/STM/PPM/06

STUDENTS

LECTURES MATERIALS

METHODE

ENVIRONMENTFACILITIES.

CURRICULUM

GOALS/ OBJECTIVES

STAKE HOLDERS EXPECTATIONS (USERS, STUDENTS, PARENTS, GOVERNM, MANAGEMENT, LECTURES, INSTITUTIONS ETC)

VISSION/ MISSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

GRADUATE

SOURCE OF SOURCE OF STUDENTSSTUDENTSCANDIDATECANDIDATE

USERSOF GRADUATED

SELECTION PROCESS

REGULATOR OF HIGHER EDUCATION – DIKTI, BAN

• SECONDARY SCHOOL

• ETC

• UNIVERSITY• INDUSTRY• ENTREPRENEUR• ETC

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