1 william a. smelser, bsc, iesna, lc 28 january, 2013 a brighter tomorrow led streetlighting in...
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William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 128 January, 2013
A Brighter TomorrowLED Streetlighting in Toronto
Solid State Street Lighting
March 19, 2013
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 228 January, 2013
ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00Re-affirmed 2010
Recommended Practice for Roadway Lighting
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 328 January, 2013
Purpose of Standard
Recommended practice for designing new, continuous lighting systems
Roadways, adjacent bikeways, and pedestrian ways
Basis for design of fixed lighting
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 428 January, 2013
RP-8-? (Being voted on again by RLC & TRC)
ANSI/IES Document, if Approved will:
•Use only Table 3 (Luminance)
•Split into new Table 2 (Roadways) and Table 3 (Streets)
– Illuminance may be moved to Annex
•Not include Cut-off Classifications
•Relate to TM-15 and Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance (MLO) BUG Ratings for Uplight control
•Rely on Veiling Luminance Ratio calculations for Glare Control
•Describe Limited Use of Mesopic Multipliers based on TM-12-12
Hope to Publish in 2013.
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 528 January, 2013
Joint IDA-IES
Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance
MLO
IES
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 628 January, 2013
Prescriptive Method
Lumen density limits to address over-lighting
3 digit identification system for lighting products
• “B rating” Backlight or “light trespass”
• “U rating” Upward light or “sky glow”
• “G rating” High angle zone or “glare”
Limits for each lighting zone are published
in TM-15-11(Luminaire Classification
System for Outdoor Luminaires)
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 728 January, 2013
Street Lighting Ordinance (Optional)
Light Shielding and Distribution
Cobra Head Street lights shall have zero uplight
Glare control shall meet requirements of ANSI/IES
RP-8-00 Veiling Luminance Ratio (Lv)
Exemption;
Decorative or architectural streetlights designed for specific district shall meet uplight control requirements
“U”
Mesopic Vision
The Blue Lumen Myth
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 928 January, 2013
Roadway Lighting Committee (RLC) Research & Development
Presentation by Dr. Ron Gibbons, VTTI to sub-committee in LA Oct 1, 2010
Mesopic Factor (S/P ratio) does not apply to foveal vision.
Can be applied to peripheral vision when adaptation level is in the mesopic range
Will be used only for areas primarily used by pedestrians when posted traffic speed is at or below 40 kph (25 mph)
Calculation process is iterative and is performed at each calculation point. Is not a multiplier that can applied to lamp lumens or illuminance levels
• Use and calculation methods discussed at RLC meeting in Dallas last week
• May be deleted from final edition
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1028 January, 2013
IES Lighting Handbook 2011
0.3 cd/m²
S/P Ratios &
Mesopic Multipliers
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1128 January, 2013
What is Different about LED?
•Performance Considerations
•Standards and Testing Procedures
•Designing with LED Luminaires
William A. Smelser, BSc., IESNA, LC
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1228 January, 2013
Performance Considerations
HID Light Sources
Light produced by electric arc
Intermittent (120 times per second) AC current
Will extinguish if line voltage not maintained. One to 20 minute restrike
No adjustment for operating temperature
LED Light Sources
Light produced by photon emission at diode junction
Continuous light with DC current
Instant on and restrike
Life and efficacy affected by operating temperature
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1328 January, 2013
Performance Testing
IESNA Testing Procedures For
LED Luminaires
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1428 January, 2013
Performance Testing
HID Luminaires
Photometric testing to IES LM-31
Adjusted to published initial lamp lumens
No adjustment for operating temperature
No adjustment to lamp life
LED Luminaires
Photometric testing to IES LM-79
Absolute photometry
Lamp life and efficacy are derived from data accumulated using IES LM-80 procedures based on LED junction temperatures in a luminaire and calculated using TM-21-11 procedures
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William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1528 January, 2013
LED Measurement Procedures
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William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1628 January, 2013
LM-79-08
Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid State Lighting Products
Absolute photometry
Type C moving mirror goneophotometers normally used for measurement of luminous intensity distribution from which total luminous flux can be obtained
Spectroradiometer or colorimiter may be used to measure chromaticity co-ordinates, CCT and CRI. Spectral Power Distribution may also be determined
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1728 January, 2013
LM-79-08
Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid State Lighting Products
Tests are performed in a chamber with no external air flow at an ambient temperature controlled to 25˚C ± 1˚C
Luminaire is placed in measuring instrument and energized for a period of time until thermal equilibrium is reached
Measurements are recorded and published without any correction factors
Other electrical data is recorded
Electronic file is prepared using LM-63 format
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1828 January, 2013
LM-80-08
Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
LED Light Sources are tested at a minimum of three case temperatures (Ts); 55˚C and 85˚C plus one other.
Test point is defined by the manufacturer so as to correlate to and be used to calculate Junction Temperature (Tj).
Ambient temperature in test instrument to be maintained at 25˚C ± 1˚C
Drive current is set and remains constant throughout the test cycle
Both luminous flux and chromaticity are recorded initially and at every 1,000 hours for a minimum of 6,000 or a preferred 10,000 hours.
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William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 1928 January, 2013
LM-80-08
Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
Resulting reports provide Lamp Lumen Output at the three or more junction temperatures (Tj) used in the test.
19
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2028 January, 2013
TM-21-11
Projecting Long Term
Lumen Maintenance of
LED Light Sources
Approved by the IES Board in July 2011
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2128 January, 2013
•TM-21 supplements IES LM-80 raw test data to provide LED lifetime projections that are consistent and understandable
•Committee included U.S. Dept. Of Energy, NIST, PNNL, Cree, Philips Lumileds, Nichia and OSRAM
•TM-21 provides two major functions:
1. Extrapolate a single LM-80 data set to estimate Lxx LED lifetime
2. Interpolate a matched LM-80 data set (same current, 3 different temperatures) for a specific temperature, and estimate Lxx LED lifetime
LM-80 & TM-21
LM-80(testing)
+ =TM-21(projection)
Something useful
Courtesy; Mark McClear, Cree
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2228 January, 2013
TM-21 New Concepts
Lxx(Yk)
• xx = % lumen maintenance (e.g., L70, L88 , L50)• Y = duration of LM-80 test used for the projection• Calculated & Reported Lifetime
• Calculated = what the extrapolation says• Reported = Calculated, limited by LM-80 test duration
(6x LM-80 for sample size ≥ 20)
Lifetimes always rounded to 3 significant digits• 36,288 36,300• 215,145 215,000
Example: L70(12k)
Courtesy; Mark McClear, Cree
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2328 January, 2013
TM-21-11 Tables
ABT1 30LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 96% 95%60K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94%70K 100% 100% 100% 99% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93%80K 100% 100% 100% 98% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92%90K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 95% 94% 92% 91%100K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 94% 93% 92% 91%
ABT1 30LED E53Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%60K 100% 100% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%70K 100% 99% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%80K 100% 99% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%90K 100% 99% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%100K 100% 99% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%
ABT1 30LED E70Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 98% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93%60K 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%70K 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90%80K 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 89%90K 96% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89% 88%100K 96% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88% 87%
Ambient Temperatures
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2428 January, 2013
TM-21-11 Tables
8 November, 2011 24
ABT1 60LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%
80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%
ABT1 60LED E53Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%
ABT1 60LED E70Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 96% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%60K 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92% 91% 91%70K 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90%80K 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%90K 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 88% 87%100K 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86%
Ambient Temperatures
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2528 January, 2013
TM-21-11 Curves
Ambient °C
60 LED E70
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2628 January, 2013
Levels of LED Standards
Level Description Example
Basic definition LED chip, LED lamp, Module, Light Engine…
IES RP-16
LED Component Colour, Lumen Maintenance, Binning…
ANSI C78.377A, IES LM-80, IES TM-21, NEMA SSL-3,CSA C22.2 No. 250.13
Fixture Photometry, safety IES LM-79, UL 8750, CSA C22.2 No.250
Application Streets, Roadways Parking Areas
IES RP-8,IES RP-20
Program Energy, utility US EPA Energy Star, Design Lights Consortia, Korean Energy Program, etc.
Courtesy; Mark McClear, Cree
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2728 January, 2013
Junction Temperature Relationships
Relationship between Tj and Light Output or efficacy
• Every photometric file tested to LM-79 will potentially have a different LLD curve
Relationship between Tj and expected useful life
• The same luminaire with changes to LED quantity and/or drive current will have different projected life to Lxx or a different Lxx at projected useful life of system.
– Lxx represents the appropriate Lamp Lumen Depreciation level
– Optimum end of Life should be based on the expected life of the luminaire not just the LED array.
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2828 January, 2013
We can now design for the light level that is required at end of useful life rather than using
estimated mean lumens.
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 2928 January, 2013
Designing with LEDLuminaires
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3028 January, 2013
LED Street Lighting Design Parameters
Existing Street for conversion
i. Street Parameters
a) Number and width of driving lanes
b) Width of any turn lanes
c) Width and location of parking lanes and bicycle lanes
ii. Street usage classification and Pedestrian conflict
iii. Pole specifics
a) Luminaire mounting height
b) Pole setback from curb
c) Bracket arm type and length
d) Arrangement and spacing
iv. Proposed cleaning cycle
v. Existing luminaires
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3128 January, 2013
Sample Application
Existing 200W HPS Flat Glass Cobra Head• 245W input CWA ballast
Collector Street with Medium Pedestrian Traffic
Four lanes (2 in each direction). 3.5m lane widths
Staggered Poles spacing 79m
10.4m Mounting Height
2.5m setback
2.4m arms
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3228 January, 2013
Sample Application
Retrofit from HPS to LED• No change in pole location or bracket arm
Expected useful life; 20 years (88,000 hours)
Cleaning every five years
Clean atmospheric conditions
Average night-time temperature 10°C
Require ≥ 50% energy reduction
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3328 January, 2013
Luminaire Dirt Depreciation
LDD = 0.89
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3428 January, 2013
LLF = LDD X LLD
LDD from IES RP-8-00; • 5-year cleaning, • Clean ambient• LDD = 0.89
LLD from specific TM-21-11 table• Average night-time ambient; 10°C• Expected project life-time; 90,000 operating hours• LLD = ?
LLF = 0.89 x ? = ??????
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3528 January, 2013
LLF = LDD X LLD
LDD from IES RP-8-05; • 5-year cleaning, • Clean ambient• LDD = 0.89
LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E70) 700mA• Average night-time ambient; 10°C• 90,000 operating hours• LLD =
LLF = 0.89 x .93 = .83.93
ABT1 60LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%
80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%
ABT1 60LED E53Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%
ABT1 60LED E70Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 96% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%60K 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92% 91% 91%70K 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90%80K 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%90K 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 88% 87%100K 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86%
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3628 January, 2013
LLF = LDD X LLD
LDD from IES RP-8-05; • 5-year cleaning, • Clean ambient• LDD = 0.89
LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E53) 525mA• Average night-time ambient; 10°C• 90,000 operating hours• LLD =
LLF = 0.89 x .96 = .85.96
ABT1 60LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%
80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%
ABT1 60LED E53Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%
ABT1 60LED E70Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 96% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%60K 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92% 91% 91%70K 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90%80K 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%90K 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 88% 87%100K 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86%
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3728 January, 2013
Existing 200W Flat Glass Cobra Head
245W input CWA ballast
IES RP-8-05 RECOMMENDATION
Avg. Maintained; ≥ 0.6 cd/m²
Max./Min; ≤ 6.0
Avg./Min.: ≤ 3.5
Lv Ratio; ≤ 0.4
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3828 January, 2013
LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 700mA)
144.5 W input Electronic Driver
IES RP-8-05 RECOMMENDATION
Avg. Maintained; ≥ 0.6 cd/m²
Max./Min; ≤ 6.0
Avg./Min.: ≤ 3.5
Lv Ratio; ≤ 0.4
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 3928 January, 2013
LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 525mA)
105.7 W input Electronic Driver
IES RP-8-05 RECOMMENDATION
Avg. Maintained; ≥ 0.6 cd/m²
Max./Min; ≤ 6.0
Avg./Min.: ≤ 3.5
Lv Ratio; ≤ 0.4
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 4028 January, 2013
Surge Protection
All Electronic Devices Require
Protection from Induced Voltage Surges
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 4128 January, 2013
Category A: Indoor: 6kV / 0.5kA Category B: Indoor: 6kV / 3kA Category C Low: Outdoor: 6kV / 3kA Category C High: Outdoor : 10kV/10kA
C B AIEEE STD C62.41
LEDgend Combats Surge – IEEE C62.41 2002
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 4228 January, 2013
Design Integrity – System Life - Surge Protection
Surge Protection Device designed to meet ANSI/IEEE C62.41 2002- Category C High
Specifically designed for Electronic control gear including LED Drivers
Designed to fail “off”. Disconnects driver from mains.
To continue to protect luminaire electronics until SPD is replaced.
Warns that SPD has failed and needs to be replaced
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 4328 January, 2013
Basic LED Luminaire Specification
• Colour Temperature
• Supply Voltage
• Photocontrol receptacle if required
• Paint finish colour if required
• Must be located on existing bracket arms and pole locations
• Internal field level adjustment
• Must meet RP-8 Table 3 lighting requirements for street classifications
• LM-79 photometry from independent NVLAP approved lab
• TM-21 LLD data
• Vibration test data
• Surge protection data
• Warranty
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 4428 January, 2013
Optional LED Luminaire Requirements
Dimming, Monitoring, Metering
• Dimmable Driver• Part-Night Dimming• Constant Light Output Dimming
• Wireless Monitoring
• Optional Metering
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 4528 January, 2013
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