1 .White Lesions• Fordyce granules• White sponge nevus• Leukoedema• Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis• Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (Candidal leukoplakia)• Lichen planus (non-erosive)• Frictional hyperkeratosis• White lesions associated with smokeless tobacco• Leukoplakia• Squamous cell carcinoma• Hairy leukoplakia• Nicotine stomatitis• White hairy tongue• Verrucous carcinoma• Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia

Red Lesions

• Erythroplakia

• Squamous cell carcinoma

• Macular hemangioma

• Petechiae and ecchymoses due to trauma

• Blood dyscrasias (bleeding) (e.g., leukemias, thrombocytopenia)

White and Red Lesions• Acute atrophic/acute erythematous

candidiasis• Chronic atrophic/chronic erythematous

candidiasis (denture stomatitis)• Lichen planus (erosive)• Chronic discoid lupus erythematosus• Erythroleukoplakia• Squamous cell carcinoma• Acute physical injuries (mechanical (cheek biting),

chemical (aspirin burn, cinnamon allergy), thermal)• Geographic tongue (migratory stomatitis)

Pigmented Lesions: Melanotic

Diffuse• Physiologic • Smoker’s • Addison’s • Peutz-Jeghers• Neurofibromatosis• Mc-Cune Albright• Drug induced

(antimalarian)• HIV-associated

Single• Oral melanotic macule• Nevi• Malignant melanoma

Pigmented Lesions: Non-Melanotic

Endogeneous• Hemosiderin• Bilirubin (jaundice)

Exogeneous• Amalgam tattoo• Intentional tattoo• Minocyclin • Black hairy tongue

Ulcerated Lesions

• Viral infections• Recurrent aphthous stomatitis• Erythema multiforme• Erosive lichen planus• Allergic stomatitis• Traumatic ulcers (acute, chronic, with stromal

eosinophilia)• Squamous cell carcinoma• Blood discrasias (cyclic neutropenia,

agranulocytosis) and other malignancies• Anti-neoplastic drugs• Auto-immune diseases (pemphigus, pemphigoid)