1. Which of the following is NOT one of the domains (highest taxonomic level) of life?

A. FungiB. ArchaeaC. EukaryaD. Bacteria

Fungi

Archaea

Eukarya

Bacteria

25% 25%25%25%

2. Which of the following types of organisms are composed of cells that do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles?

A. EukaryaB. BacteriaC. ArchaeaD. Both A and BE. Both B and CF. Both A and C

Eukarya

Bacteria

Archaea

Both A and B

Both B and C

Both A and C

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

3. Which taxonomic level is just above class (more diverse)?

A. GenusB. PhylumC. OrderD. Family

Genus

PhylumOrd

er

Family

25% 25%25%25%

4. Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions required for natural selection?

A. Variability for a traitB. Trait must be heritableC. Trait must be dominantD. Trait must lead to

differential reproduction

Variabilit

y for a

trait

Trait m

ust be herit

able

Trait m

ust be dominant

Trait m

ust lead to

differe

...

25% 25%25%25%

Differential reproduction= differences in the survival and reproduction of different individuals in the population due to traits. It IS a requirement for natural selection.

While natural selection can only act upon expressed traits (phenotype), if homozygous recessive individuals are less likely to survive, the recessive gene will decrease in the gene pool.

Differential reproduction= organisms having differences in numbers of surviving offspring due to different traits that make the m more likely to survive/find mates.

5. Which of the following is a limit to natural selection?

A. Favorable trait must exist in the population.

B. Having have a high reproduction rate.

C. Having gene mutationsD. Having differential

reproduction.

Favora

ble trait m

ust exis

t...

Having have a high

repr..

.

Having gene mutations

Having differe

ntial repro

...

25% 25%25%25%

6. Natural selection which eliminates individuals at both ends of the spectrum of variation is called

A. Directional SelectionB. Stabilizing SelectionC. Diversifying (or

Disruptive) SelectionD. Bimodal selection

Directi

onal Selecti

on

Stabilizing Selecti

on

Diversifyi

ng (or D

isrupti...

Bimodal s

election

25% 25%25%25%

If natural selection pressure favors the average, and acts against BOTH extremes the distribution will narrow. Stabilizing Selection.

7. If natural selection favors one extreme of a distribution, and acts against the other it is called

A. Directional SelectionB. Stabilizing SelectionC. Diversifying (or

Disruptive) SelectionD. Genetic Drift

Directi

onal Selecti

on

Stabilizing Selecti

on

Diversifyi

ng (or D

isrupti...

Genetic Drift

25% 25%25%25%

8. Interactions between two species that results in ongoing evolutionary changes in each species is called

A. Convergent evolutionB. Directional evolutionC. Diversifying evolutionD. Coevolution

Converg

ent evolution

Directi

onal evo

lution

Diversifyi

ng evolution

Coevolution

25% 25%25%25%

9. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution.A. Giraffes evolving longer necks

to reach high branches.B. A newt species adapting to

have high levels of toxins because its predator adapts by having a tolerance to toxin.

C. Flower evolving colors to attract bees

D. Whales and fish adapting to water with streamlined shape

Giraffes e

volving longer .

..

A newt specie

s adapting .

.

Flower e

volving colors

to...

Whales a

nd fish adap

ting...

25% 25%25%25%

In convergent evolution, the trait is not shared by more closely related species. The trait evolved independently in more distantly related species because the of similarities in natural selection pressure.

10. Which of the following would most likely lead to speciation?

A. CoevolutionB. Stabilizing selectionC. Geographic isolationD. Mutualistic

relationship

Coevolution

Stabilizing se

lection

Geographic

isolation

Mutu

alistic r

elationship

25% 25%25%25%

11. A shift in a gene pool due to random chance …

A. is called an adaptation

B. is called genetic driftC. is called evolutionD. both A and CE. is not possible

is ca

lled an adaptation

is ca

lled ge

netic drift

is ca

lled evo

lution

both A

and C

is not p

ossible

20% 20% 20%20%20%

12. Genetic drift is more likely to occur …

A. In a species with a high reproductive rate

B. In a species with a low reproductive rate

C. In a small populationD. In a large population

In a specie

s with

a high ...

In a specie

s with

a low r.

..

In a small p

opulation

In a large population

25% 25%25%25%

13. When two species that compete over a food source or habitat adapt over time to utilize the resource in a way that avoids or reduces competition it is called

A. Competitive exclusionB. Interference competitionC. Resource partitioningD. Resilience

Competitive exc

lusion

Interfere

nce co

mpetition

Resource

partitioning

Resilience

25% 25%25%25%

14. Which of the following would must likely cause adaptive radiation to occur?

A. The introduction of an invasive species

B. A mass extinctionC. Human population

growthD. Long term stability

in the climate

The intro

duction of a

n in...

A mass

extincti

on

Human population growth

Long te

rm st

ability i

n the...

25% 25%25%25%

Adaptive radiation (many species evolve from an original ancestor) may occur when there are many available niches.

Mass extinctions may create available niches.

The differing conditions of the Galapagos Islands created different available niches.

15. Specialist species have a _____ niche and have an advantage in a ______ environment.

A. broad; stable B. narrow; stableC. broad; rapidly changingD. narrow; rapidly changing

broad; s

table

narrow; s

table

broad; r

apidly changin

g

narrow; r

apidly changin

g

25% 25%25%25%

16. Endemic species are

A. species that are found nowhere else

B. species that serve as early warnings that a community is being damaged

C. species that play a critical role in the ecosystem

D. species that spread diseasesp

ecies t

hat are

found ...

specie

s that s

erve as e

ar..

specie

s that p

lay a criti

ca...

specie

s that s

pread

diseas

e

25% 25%25%25%

17. Exploitation competition occurs when

A. One species limits another species’ access

B. One species uses the resource more efficiently

One specie

s lim

its anoth

..

One specie

s use

s the re

s...

50%50%

18. Typical trends in succession is for diversity to ______ with time and for plant size to ______ with time.

A. both increaseB. both decreaseC. increase; decreaseD. decrease; increase

both in

crease

both decre

ase

increase

; decre

ase

decrease

; incre

ase

25% 25%25%25%

19. The trees in a mature/climax community in a temperate deciduous forest biome generally _______ than trees earlier in the succession process.

A. are slower growingB. have higher light

requirementsC. have lower light

requirements D. A and BE. A and C

are sl

ower gro

wing

have higher l

ight r

equir...

have lo

wer light r

equir...

A and B

A and C

20% 20% 20%20%20%

In ecological succession, faster growing plants are replaced over time by slower growing species that are better able to compete for light and other resources.

20. Inertia (or persistence) is ability of an ecosystem.

A. recover after a disturbance.

B. survive minor ecological disturbances.

C. develop into a mature/climax community.

D. to expand its range.

reco

ver after a

disturb

ance.

survi

ve minor e

cologic

al ...

develop in

to a m

ature

/c...

to exp

and its ra

nge.

25% 25%25%25%

21. Rainforest have a high level of biodiversity but very poor soil (because with very high productivity nutrients get used up quickly and are store in the high biomass of the rainforest. These conditions causer rainforest to have _____ inertia/persistence and _____ resilience.

A. high; lowB. low; highC. both highD. both low

high; lo

w

low; high

both high

both lo

w

25% 25%25%25%

The high biodiversity creates many available niches- so that a rainforest has more inertia to withstand minor ecological disruptions.

However, with very poor soil, a rainforest is not resilient and generally can not rebound well from major ecological disruptions.

22. The top two causes of loss of biodiversity are

A. habitat loss and pollution

B. habitat loss and invasive species

C. pollution and invasive species

D. invading hippos and elephants

habitat lo

ss and pollu

tion

habita

t loss

and in

vasiv

e...

pollution and in

vasive sp

...

invading hippos a

nd ele...

25% 25%25%25%

23. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that might make a species extinction-prone?

A. low on the food chainB. low reproductive rateC. specialistD. Commercially valuable

low on the fo

od chain

low repro

ductive ra

te

specia

list

Commercially

valuable

25% 25%25%25%

Organisms that are HIGHER on the food chain must be supported by a greater biomass of the previous levels.

24. Which of the following is NOT a reason that migratory birds are so hard to protect?

A. They cross country boundaries.

B. They often nest in wetlands.

C. They are often generalists.

D. They require a lot of habitat.

They cro

ss co

untry boun...

They often nest

in wetla

nds.

They are often ge

neralists.

They require

a lot o

f habi...

25% 25%25%25%

25. The Endangered Species Act

A. requires a plan to protect endangered species while taking into consideration economic impact.

B. is directed by the EPA.C. protects only species

living on federal lands.D. All of the above

require

s a plan

to pro

tec..

.

is dire

cted by th

e EPA.

prote

cts only

specie

s liv.

..

All of t

he above

25% 25%25%25%

26. An international ban on trade of ivory is part of

A. ESAB. Convention on

Biological DiversityC. CITESD. Montreal ProtocolE. Kyoto Protocol

ESA

Convention on Biologica

... CITES

Montre

al Pro

toco

l

Kyoto

Proto

col

20% 20% 20%20%20%

CITES = Convention on International Trade of Exotic Species

27. A smaller island (or wildlife preserve) is expected to have a lower species diversity because

A. a higher rate of extinctionB. a lower rate of extinctionC. a higher rate of immigrationD. a lower rate of immigrationE. Both A and DF. Both B and C

a higher rate

of exti

nction

a lower r

ate of e

xtincti

on

a higher rate

of immigr

ation

a lower r

ate of im

migration

Both A and D

Both B and C

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

The point at which the immigration line intersects the extinction line predicts the number of species.

Small islands generally have a lower migration rate because they are a smaller target for migrating species.

Small islands generally have a higher extinction rate because they have fewer available resources/ niches.

Theory of Island Biogeography

1. D2. E3. B4. C5. A6. B7. A8. D9. D10.C11.B12.C13.C14.B

15.B16.A17.B18.C19.E20.B21.A22.B23.A24.C25.A26.C27.E