o r g a n i z a t i o n a l b e h a v i o r

o r g a n i z a t i o n a l b e h a v i o r

Why B Schools teach OB these days

Traditional Approach of B Schools

- Technical Skills

Traditional Approach of B Schools

- Technical Skills

Modern Approach of B Schools

- Technical Skills- Interpersonal Skills- People Skills- Leadership Skills

Modern Approach of B Schools

- Technical Skills- Interpersonal Skills- People Skills- Leadership Skills

Organization

A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals

Behavior

Generally defined as:

The way we react to particular situation(s)

Enter Organizational Behavior

Organizational behavior (OB)

A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals,

groups, and

structure have on behaviors within organizations,

for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness

OB: In short

OB is concerned with the study of‘what people do in an organization; and how their behavior affects the organization’s performance’

Importance of OB

1. Provides road-map to our lives2. Helps in understanding & predicting

organizational life3. Helps in knowing you & others4. Useful in maintaining cordial industrial

relationships5. Useful in marketing6. Success managerial career

What Managers Do

Managerial Activities

• Make decisions

• Allocate resources

• Direct activities of others to attain goals

Managerial Activities

• Make decisions

• Allocate resources

• Direct activities of others to attain goals

Managers (or administrators)

Individuals who achieve goals through other people

Management Functions

ManagementManagementFunctionsFunctions

ManagementManagementFunctionsFunctions

PlanningPlanningPlanningPlanning OrganizingOrganizingOrganizingOrganizing

LeadingLeadingLeadingLeadingControllingControllingControllingControlling

Management Functions (cont’d)

Planning

A process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities.

Management Functions (cont’d)

Organizing

Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.

Management Functions (cont’d)

Leading

A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts.

Management Functions (cont’d)

Controlling

Monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations.

D i s c i p i I n e s c o n t r i b u t i n g

t o o r g a n i z a t i o n a l b e h a v i o r

D i s c i p i I n e s c o n t r i b u t i n g

t o o r g a n i z a t i o n a l b e h a v i o r

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field

Psychology

Sociology

Social Psychology

Anthropology

Political Science

OB

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field

PsychologyThe science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d)

SociologyThe study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d)

Social PsychologyAn area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d)

AnthropologyThe study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d)

Political ScienceThe study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment.

OB ChallengesOB Challenges

Responding to Globalization Managing Workforce Diversity Improving Quality & Productivity Improving Customer Service Improving People Skills Stimulating Innovation & change Coping with “Temporariness” Working in Networked Organizations Helping Employees Balance Work-Life Conflicts Creating Positive Work Environment Improving Ethical Behavior

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Major Workforce Diversity Categories

Benefits from Managing Diversity

Procter & Gamble achieves 30-40 per cent higher productivity at its 18 diverse team-based plants than at its non-diverse plants.

Motorola beat its competition by producing the world’s most efficient and high-quality cellular phones which are produced almost exclusively by diverse work teams.

GE Power Systems achieved 13 per cent productivity gains from cross-functional and multicultural teams versus homogeneous teams.

Numerous empirical studies of work teams demonstrate that when tasks are complex and not clearly defined, heterogeneous teams outperform homogeneous teams. ‘Super teams’, those that were diverse in numerous respects and selected because of their differences, outperformed those that were homogeneous.

Traits Associated with Gender Stereotypes

Male FemaleAggressive AffectionateAutocratic ComplainingCapable CooperativeCompetitive EmotionalCoarse Easily influencedDecisive ForgivingHumorous IndecisiveIndividualistic IllogicalLoud MildObjective PassiveOpportunistic SensitiveReckless SubjectiveTough-minded TactfulUnemotional. Weak

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Basic OB Model, Stage I

Model

An abstraction of reality.A simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon.

The Dependent Variables

x

y

Dependent variable

A response that is affected by an independent variable.

The Dependent Variables (cont’d)

ProductivityA performance measure that includes effectiveness and efficiency.

EffectivenessAchievement of goals.EfficiencyThe ratio of effective output to the input required to achieve it.

The Dependent Variables (cont’d)

Absenteeism

The failure to report to work.

Turnover

The voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.

The Dependent Variables (cont’d)

Job satisfaction

A general attitude toward one’s job, the difference between the amount of reward workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive.