1. what actual powers did the league have to create world peace? 2. what was the significance of the...
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Japan Russia China TOKYO RYOJUN PEKING SEOUL VLADIVOSTOK Siberia Korea Manchuria Sakhalin After victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1905), Japan had laid claim to the Korean peninsula, the port of “Ryojun” and half of island of Sakhalin. After WWI, Japan had occupied the Russian port of Vladivostok and laid claim to more territory. The USA, however, pressurised the Japanese government into withdrawing from the port and insisted that the Japanese navy remain smaller than the US and British navies at a ratio of 5:3 ships (the Washington Naval Agreements). The border between the empires of Russia, Japan and China had long been contended. Russia had colonised eastern Siberia, China: Mongolia and Manchuria; Japan: Korea. While China and Russia dealt with internal revolution from 1911 and 1917 respectively, Japan began to invest heavily in the industrialisation of southern Manchuria. MongoliaTRANSCRIPT
1. What actual powers did the League have to create world peace?2. What was the significance of the USA never joining?
Japan
Russia
China
TOKYO
PORT ARTHURPEKING
NANKING
SHANGHAI
SEOUL
MUKDENVLADIVOSTOK
Siberia
Formosa (to Japan)
Korea
Mongolia
Manchuria
Sakhalin
Japan
Russia
China
TOKYO
RYOJUNPEKING
SEOUL
VLADIVOSTOK
Siberia
Korea
Manchuria
Sakhalin
After victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1905), Japan had laid claim to the Korean peninsula, the port of “Ryojun” and half of island of Sakhalin. After WWI, Japan had occupied the Russian port of Vladivostok and laid claim to more territory. The USA, however, pressurised the Japanese government into withdrawing from the port and insisted that the Japanese navy remain smaller than the US and British navies at a ratio of 5:3 ships (the Washington Naval Agreements).
The border between the empires of Russia, Japan and China had long been contended. Russia had colonised eastern Siberia, China: Mongolia and Manchuria; Japan: Korea. While China and Russia dealt with internal revolution from 1911 and 1917 respectively, Japan began to invest heavily in the industrialisation of southern Manchuria.
Mongolia
Summer 1931
Japanese employment falls again:
30% of 1929 levels
Economists blame US tariffs, in place since disastrous Wall Street Crash.
Food shortages result as US import/export trade dries up.
Japanese military repeats calls on Emperor to expand operations of South Manchurian Railway Co.
September 1931
‘MUKDEN INCIDENT’: Japanese Railway attacked in Manchuria
Japanese military sees hand of “Kuomintang”, Chinese Nationalist government.
Nanking insists its soldiers barracked at time.
So. Manchurian Railway hit by bomb outside city of Mukden.
February 1932
Japanese forces attack China
Tokyo insists take-over will restore order to lawless region, and new ‘Manchukuo’ state will ‘liberate’ Manchu people from anarchy. Former Chinese Emperor, Pu Yi, made leader of state.
Nanking claims ‘sabotage’ and appeals to League of Nations.
Japanese military has ignored wishes of civilian government and seized Manchuria in previous months.
Japanese forces also attack Chinese port of Shanghai after ‘anti-Japanese’ incidents.
September 1932
LYTTON REPORT: Japan = aggresso
r
Report calls for withdrawal of Japanese forces and returnof Kuomintang control.
Lord Lytton’s report to League accuses Japan of unlawful aggression in Manchuria.
Vote on report to be held in League of Nations Assembly.
December 1937“greater east-Asia co-prosperity
sphere” ends prosperous year
Inner Mongolia claims independence: peace with Manchukuo and Tokyo
Japanese military finishes year of major expansion in China.
Japan has no regrets about leaving League in March 1933.
Japanese-US trade continues; British Empire wary of antagonising Japan.
“Rape of Nanking”:reports of atrocities as Chinese city falls.
Japan
Russia
China
TOKYO
RYOJUNPEKING
NANKING
SHANGHAI
VLADIVOSTOK
Siberia
Formosa
Korea
Mongolia
Manchukuo
Sakhalin
Japanese Empire (Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere), 1937