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Get out your

Grammar Study Guide

booklets

On the Final

20 questions – (choose 20 of 50) 1-2 Paragraph Edit assignments

Edit for spelling, grammar, word choice, fragments, and run-ons

Writing 1-2 Pre-Write about 1-2 Paragraphs

Your prewrite will be assigned (no choice) about your specific paragraph)

Editing – 1 paper to correct

Vocabulary (Commonly confused words) What are the MOST COMMON words

on the list?

There, Their, They’re Too, two, To

Parts of Speech –

Nouns

Video:http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Noun

Nouns are People Places Things Ideas

They CAN be the subject of the sentence, but a sentence can have more nouns than just the subject

Finding Nouns – ways to categorize

•ConcreteName things we can

see or touch• Face• People• Jewelry

Watch

Abstract Things we cannot see or touch

Loneliness

Patriotism

Beauty

Time

Common Name general things

(not capitalized) aunt country watch

Proper Name particular persons,

places, or things (caps) Aunt Meriam Nigeria Timex

PronounsLink: http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Pronoun

Describe nouns

http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Adjectives

Adjectives

Describe Verbs or adjectives

http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Adverbs

Adverbs

Prepositions! Pg 41 Show relationships

http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Prepositions

Prepositions!

For And Nor But Or Yet So

Because, therefore, however, since (pg 123)

http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Conjunctions

Conjunction

Join phrasesclauses

http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Interjections

Interjections

Verbs: Action or STATE OF BEING

http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Verb

Verbs

Verbs tell time

Test the sentence by adding Today, Yesterday, or tomorrow.

Today she dances. Yesterday she

danced. Tomorrow she will

dance.

How to Find the Verb pg 47

Tells what the subject is doing and when the action occurs.

Examples: Arrive, leave, learn,

write, open,teach(pg 48)

The woman studied ballet.

Action Verbs

Links the subject of a sentence to one or more words that describe or identify the subject.

Examples: (see pg 49) Act, appear, become,

feel, get, grow, look, remain, seems, smells, sounds, tastes, turns

Be (am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been)

She seems distracted

Linking Verbs

Combines with a main verb to form a verb phrase. It always comes before the main verb and expresses a special meaning or a particular time.

Examples: (see pg 51) Can, could, may,

might, must, shall, should, will

Being, been, am, is, was, are, were

Has, have, had Does, do, did

He is sleeping He might sleep He should sleep. He could have been

sleeping.

Helping Verbs

Identify the part of speech1. attended – V.2. into - Prep3. quickly - Adv4. Fast - Adj5. after – Prep. 6. and - Conj7. She - Pro8. is - V9. they – Pro.10.diagram - N

11.soon – Adv12.awesome – Adj13.group- N.14.Check – V. 15.Themselves- Pro. 16.yourself Pro17.slowly – Adv18.from – Prep.19.Hurray! - Int20.woods – N.

The person/thing doing the action

Steps to finding the subject1. Identify and cross out prepositional phrases

2. Identify and cross out appositive phrases3. Cross out here, there, & where.4. Look for the main action5. Ask “who is doing that action”6. Self check – can your subject really do that

action? Sentence: Jump on the bed. A bed cannot jump,

but YOU can jump on a bed!

Commands and Requests

In 'commands' and 'requests' the subject is usually not stated. The predicate is the entire sentence. The pronoun 'you' is understood to be the subject. Examples are: Listen! Please see me. Be careful.

[You][You][You]

Questions Questions frequently begin with a verb

or a helping verb or the words 'who, whom, what, when, where, why,or how.' examples are: Did he reply?

Have you read Nikki Giovanni's poetry?

What do they sing?

In these cases, the subject generally follows the verb or helping verb.

VerbDid… reply

Verb:Have.. read

Verb:do… sing

Inverted Sentence Order

A sentence written in 'inverted order', in which the predicate comes before the subject, serves to add emphasis to the subject.

Examples are: Under the moonlight sat the old cypress tree. Above the forest circled three hawks.

Verb

Verb

Appositive Phrases Appositive phrases are a group of words

that give us extra information about a noun or pronoun in that sentence.

Appositive phrases are set off by commas

The subject is NEVER found within the appositive phrase.

Martin Johnson, the retired salesperson, sat at his desk.

______________________________appositive phrase

Here and There

The word 'there' or 'here is' is never the subject.

When the word 'there' or 'here' begins a sentence and is followed by a form of the verb 'to be', the subject follows the verb.

Example: Here 'areare' (P) the 'quilts' (S)from my grandma.

Rephrase it!The quilts areare from my grandmother.

Prepositional Phrases

Remember, a word in a prepositional phrase is never the subject.

Prepositions are words that tell where or what kind. Word list on pg 41:

About Behind Of Onto Toward

Above Below For Out Under

Across Beneath From Outside Underneath

After Beside In Over Unlike

Is “to” a prepositio

n? Only if it is NOT in front of a verb. “To” in front of a verb is

an infinitive.

Identify Subject(s) / Verb(s)

1. They attended the concert last weekend.

2. Several cats ran into Rob’s garage.

3. The truck driver delivered the packages quickly.

4. Fast runners won all the awards at the track meet.

5. My friends and I walked home after school.

Subj V.

V. Subj

----------------------------V.

S

Subj

Subj

Subj

V.

V.

----------------------------

----------------------------

---------

Subj/Verb continued

6. I wanted7. She was counting8. That is9. They will, finish10. diagram was complicated11. He will practice12. Reggie saw13. Sister is14. YOU check

Subj/Verb contiued

15.students16. you17.they18.you19.team20.troop

will be able are sure carried can see has scored had been

scattered

Verb Tenses Verb Tense Overview Active Tenses

Tense Type

Past Tenses Present Tenses Future Tenses

Simple Tenses

Simple Past past form of main verb I collected data (last year).

Simple Present main verb agrees with subject I collect data regularly. He collects data for professors.

Simple Future WILL + simple form. I will collect data (for another week).

Progressive Tenses

Past Progressive WAS/WERE + present participleI was collecting data (when I heard the news). They were collecting data then.

Present Progressive AM/IS/ARE + present participle I am collecting data for my study. They are collecting data this year.

Future Progressive WILL BE + present participle I will be collecting data (when you get here).

Perfect Tenses

Past Perfect HAD + past participleI had collected data (before we met).

Present Perfect HAVE/HAS + present participle I have collected data (for a month).

Future Perfect WILL HAVE + past participle I will have collected data three times (by next fall).

Perfect Progressive Tenses

Past Perfect Progressive HAD BEEN + present participle I had been collecting data (for a month when I had the idea for a new study).

Present Perfect Progressive HAVE/HAS + BEEN + present participle I have been collecting data (since I started at Heald).

Future Perfect Progressive WILL HAVE BEEN + present participle I will have been collecting data (for two months when you get here).

Highlight Verbs – correct tenses

1. Chad and I realized that we needs a change

of pace. 2. After four years of the usual summer

job drudgery, it was time for a summer job with

pizzazz. 3. It is Chad’s brilliant idea that we

should be camp counselors at Camp Gowitha in

the upper peninsula of Michigan. 4. The first

morning at camp we awake to the sound of a

bugle. 5. I assumed I had just fallen asleep.

Verb Verb

Verb

V Verb

V

Verb

Verb

Verb

needed

Verb

was

Verb

awokeVerb

Highlight Verbs – correct tenses

6. Five A.M., apparently, is considered an

appropriate rise and shine hour at Camp

Gowitha. 7. I am cold too. 8. Had I known it is

going to be so cold in the north woods, I would

have brought more blankets. 9. After arousing

the sleepy campers, we all will march to the

dining hall for a hearty breakfast. 10. Canoeing

and swimming lessons will follow breakfast.

V

V Verb

Verb Verb

Verb

Verb

Verb

Verb

Verb

was

Verb

was

Verb

was goin

Verb

marched

Verb

followed

Run Ons & Fragments

Every sentence must have: Subject Verb Complete Thought

Therefore a fragment is a sentence that is missing something.

A Run-On Sentence is: 2 or more

independent clauses combined incorrectly.

There are 3 types of run-ons: And run on Comma splice run on Fused run on

The 5 ways of combining sentences are (examples):

, conjunction (pg 101) He liked cats, and she did too.

; adverbial conjunction, (pg 107) He liked cats; however, she did not.

; (pg 111) He liked cats; she did too.

Subordinating conjunctions (pg 123) When he liked cats, she did too. He liked cats while she did not.

Relative pronouns (pg 128) She and he, who both liked cats, agreed.

Sentence, Fragment, Run on!1. Although Mary has been my best friend.

2. No one I know watches that television show, I can't believe it.

3. Her husband loves to cook, however, he does not like to clean the kitchen afterwards.

4. Tim started his new job last Wednesday, and he really likes the boss.

F

R

R

S

;

;

5. I have a hard time understanding her lectures, when I talk to her one-on-one, I understand her fine.

6. Mary signed up because she thought the training would be interesting and help her on the job.

7. Meet me after class, I want to talk with you about the upcoming test.

8. The one who looks like a military officer but acts like a spoiled brat.

R

S

R

F

. When

;

One of them

9. Although she has studied very hard, she is still worried about the midterm exam.

10.One of the best ways to improve your writing. Is to read and analyze what you read.

S

F / F

is

Capitalization & Punctuation1. is lake ontario connected to lake

michigan2. is mrs tosspon going to dance in

english class Today3. My Sister really likes Basketball4. martin luther king jr was an inspirational

man and i enjoyed learning about him. 5. I think you all are so lucky to speak

several different Languages i only speak English and a little spanish.

1. Is Lake Ontario connected to Lake Michigan?

2. Is Mrs. Tosspon going to dance in English class today ?

3. My sister really likes basketball.

4. Martin Luther King, Jr., was an inspirational man, and I enjoyed learning about him.

5. I think you are all so lucky to speak several different languages. I only speak English and a little Spanish.

6. Lansing michigan is the best Capital 7. To get to the meridian mall, head East on

grand river avenue for about three miles. 8. my favorite ice cream flavor is Chocolate, but

adam prefers Vanilla.

9. Her Brother Eric lives in Chicago Illinois

10. I would love to travel all over the World and see many Countries, such as spain, egypt, and india.

6. Lansing, Michgan is the best capital.

7. To get to the Meridian Mall, head east on Grand River Avenue for about three miles.

8. My favorite ice cream flavor is chocolate, but Adam prefers vanilla.

9. Her brother, Eric, lives in Chicago, Illinois.

10. I would love to travel all over the world and see many countries such as Spain, Egypt, and India.

Writing

Know the types and how to do them. You will have 2 paragraphs to write

(review: topic & controlling idea: Chpt 16)

Illustration (Chpt 18) – giving examples (listing)

Description (Chpt 20) – using the 5 senses Narration (Chpt 19) – telling a story

Pre-writing techniques Brainstorm Cluster Outline Freewrite

Editing Checklist1. Read the paper through once w/out

making marks. 2. Reread the paper, stopping after each

sentence to notice:a) Is it a fragment or run on?b) Are all of the words used correctly?c) Is the punctuation correct?d) Are the verbs correct and proper? e) Do the subjects match the verbs?f) Is the capitalization correct?

3. If you see any problems, correct them!

Peer Review1. Follow the directions!!!

Read aloud to the paper owner Allow owner time to make corrections on their copy

Separate yourselves & complete #’s 2-15 If you don’t have the info, write N/A, sometimes

that is just as telling Mark up YOUR copy of the paper (will need

pen/highlighter) The Author should leave here today w/ 2 copies

of their paper + the peer review OF THEIR OWN PAPER- the whole packet due next class meeting

The author will complete #16-23