1 web server administration chapter 3 installing the server
TRANSCRIPT
1
Web Server Administration
Chapter 3Installing the Server
2
Overview Prepare the server for system
installation Understand the installation process Install Windows or Linux Servers Examine basic Linux commands Configure TCP/IP
3
Prepare the Server for Installation A typical installation
DVD/CD FTP HTTP NFS server (Network File System) SMB (server Message Block)
Live distro Live stripped-down version on DVD or
USB Provides way to test distro before
installing
4
Multiple OS Production systems use a single-boot
system meaning only one OS is on a computer
Dual boot - You can put all described OSs on a single computer which is a multi-boot
5
Checking Hardware Compatibility Typically you have fewer problems
if you are using hardware designed for a server from major manufacturers
With video adapters and NICs, it is best to use ones from major vendors
6
Checking Hardware Compatibility You can have problems if you
Put a system together yourself Try to upgrade an OS on old servers
because they sometimes have specialized hardware that is not supported anymore
For Windows OSs www.microsoft.com/hardware
For Red Hat Linux www.redhat.com/support/hardware
For CentOS http://www.centos.org/
7
System Documentation Should be detailed enough for
inexperienced network administrator
System documentation is an ongoing process Changes occur over the life of the
server These changes need to be
documented
8
System Documentation Need compatibility information Hardware information
Server manufacturer, including model information
Processor type and speed Amount of RAM Drive interface – RAID, SCSI, IDE Hard disk – size, manufacturer, and model NIC manufacturer and model
9
Our Laptop SpecsHardware Maintenance ManualServer manufacturer
Lenovo Thinkpad T500 2055-CTOProcessor type and speed
2.4GHz Core 2 Duo P8600Amount of RAM
3GB L2 Cache DDR3-1067 SDRAMHard disk
80 GB SATAPurchase Date
March 2009
10
System Documentation System information
Partition information – number and sizes
OS version installed Latest software patches
Extra drivers needed URLs for latest drivers
11
System Documentation Steps for installation including options
chosen Keep documentation, DVDs in a binder Know support details
Who to call Contract phone number Type of support contract Expiration of contract
12
The Installation Process The Setup program will ask you
about your system You need to know the answers to
these questions before you start Many of the questions are common
to all operating systems
13
The Installation Process-Partitioning the Hard Disk A partition is a logical division of the
hard disk A system boots from the primary
partition You can create an extended partition
Gives you more logical drives in Windows Gives you more Linux partitions It is best to isolate the operating system
from applications If the application partition fills and the operating
system is on the same partition, the OS stops
14
The Installation Process Six partitions are used for Linux by
default / (root partition) swap (used for virtual memory) /boot (boot files – small) /usr (shared files and programs) /home (user files and programs) /var (Web site, FTP, log files)
Just / and swap are required
15
Managing Multiple Operating Systems on a Single Computer Useful for development purposes Best to start with unpartitioned
hard disk Create one partition for each Windows
OS Allow Linux to create default
partitions Install Windows first, then Linux Linux installation then produces a
menu to select Windows
16
The Installation Process-Naming Computers Identify a computer on the network Windows communicates the computer
name to other computers on the subnet so it should be unique
Name of computer is not related to how the computer is recognized on the Internet
In Linux, the hostname can exist on more than computer, it only uses IP addresses for communication
17
The Installation Process-Licensing Describes how the software can be used For Windows Server, each installation
must be activated by Microsoft Linux is basically free but there may be
a cost for packaging, support, and extras Based on the GNU general public license Red Hat has personal, professional, and
Advanced Server options Cent OS – non commercial version of Red
Hat
18
The Installation Process-Selecting a File System A file system determines how files are
stored on a hard disk Windows has two file systems
ReFS – Resilient Files System NTFS has security which is critical for a
server Red Hat/Cent OS is ext4
19
Windows Server Installation Installation is simpler than
previous versions of Windows Only essential information such as
computer name, licensing, password, IP address, and domain membership are requested
20
Linux Installation Generally accept the defaults Remember to select Server as the
Installation Type This gives you a list of packages that are
appropriate for a server environment Remember to select "No firewall"
This makes it easier to configure and test your own firewall (Chapter 10)
21
Basic Linux Concepts No drive letters The root is /
22
Shell Prompt Most work is done at the shell prompt
which is the command-line interface ls – list files cd – change directory mkdir – create a directory rmdir – remove a directory mv – move or rename a file cp – copy a file locate – find a file kedit <filename> - start editing a file
23
Kedit Text Editor The Kedit
text editor is similar to Windows Notepad
Note that the positioning of the icons is basically the same as Notepad
24
Configuring TCP/IP in Windows To determine TCP/IP configuration, type ipconfig at a command prompt
25
To Change the IP Address in Windows
From the Local Area Status dialog box, click Properties
Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), then click Properties
Now you can change the IP address The Advanced button allows you to
add multiple IP addresses for a single NIC
26
Configuring TCP/IP in Linux To determine TCP/IP configuration, type ifconfig at a shell prompt
The IP address is on the third line
27
To Change the IP Address in Linux
In System Settings, click Network Click the Edit button Now you can change the IP
address Click OK, then Apply, and Close
to save the changes
28
Summary Windows and Linux installations share
the task of creating partitions The same computer can have multiple
operating systems Windows server operating systems are
licensed based on the edition and the number of users
Linux licensing is based on the GNU general public license
29
Summary Microsoft and Linux have improved
their ability to recognize devices There are many useful commands
when using the Linux shell prompt