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TSP-MS OF RELATIOaTSI-IIP Aiao:'G THE GIL3ERTE3E.

Tiier© is np GjilbBrtese word which expresses the idea of family in its narrower sensehousehokd. The fnndamenta 1 word is utu (old Gilbertese l)aronga), which

includes the blood-relations, on both aiiu female sides, cf any utan or wcnai':.Th-us, any soa belongs to 'both his faihef's and his motherutu, but hie fatherdoes not belong to his mother's, not his mother to his father's. Terms of relationship, except in one of two special cases, are only given by courtesy to thoseoutside the utu. .,5Blood relations are known as ta bu. which may be translated "the breed"Courtesy relations are known as te korakl;?"the oirole".

Father

•-y, ^ "

Mother

Tama

1 v"i... .

Tina

'-y • }^*'•" -JT*'

Real father (in Soutli Giloerts also called Karo. whiohword in the Northern Gilberts is collective, a:idmeairs Parents);

All those blood-relations whoa the real father andmother would call brothers.

By coyirtesy -Father's sister's husband; mother's sister's husband;Husband's fathers; wife's fathers.

Real mother;Mother's sisters; father's sisters.

By coxjurtesy -Mother's brother's wives; father's brother's wives;Wife's mothers; husband's mothers.

•>*. 'V.

,1^

Child

Eldest ChildMiddle Child

Youngest Child

Nati

b. Tinaba

KarimoaKarinuka

Bina

Note. The special terms to indicate the r®al fatherand mother are oibn-tama and oi-n.ftina. The pr«,fixed word oi means "the trunk of a iree'

Parents' brothers and sisters are called, when cloarn.is necessary, ai.^tama and aiftina; a rarely usedalternative for ai-tina is auma.

Begotten son or daughter;Sons or daughters of all those blood relatives whoahusband and wife would call brother or sister. *

By courtesy - »Begotten son's wife; begotten daughter's husband.

The Tinaba of a man is his^brother'e son's wife<Mse«wei4paUa«E.^laji*jdufc=daui6iMArlaJ3u»i*Bjad-.The relationship is sexual. The Tinaba callsher partner in the relationship by the ordinary +<Tama or Tina, as the case may be.

These terms are merely deecriptive, not terms ofrelationshtn

There are no words r.enoting the rolationehip ofand y

®ld ej.'ounger brothers and sisters.

>rBrother-bJ-otaer

Sistor-Bisbar

1^.Brother-sister

Tari

Maane

« •A- #. / •• . J.,>v 1.M > • I*. • . « I" , * 1 * ' • •

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8.

Father's sister Tina

Father's sister'shuslmnd Tarn

9. Path< Tari

child Maane

10. Mother's brother Tama

11. Mother's brother'swife Tina

11. Mother's brother's Tarichild Maane

1^. Sister's son Nati

14. Brother's son

15. Grandfather16. Grandmother

Nati

Tibu

Tibu

"'I

Dsgotton ohildrsn of father and aotner;Begor-tsn children of father's and mother's uterine

brotiiers ans sisters;

Grandohj.idren of grandparents' uterine brothers andsi stars on both aidasj

Great-grandchildreii correspondingly, and sc on, as faras the lino can be traced.

I iia'/e Been brotl-isrhood ebtablisheo between twonatives hailing from different islanuS, on the strengthof a coarTicn ancestry so old that it was no longer possible to say T^heblier the so-called "brothore" were inthe same generation removed from the ancestor cuoted.

Nevertholess, there is a uietinction in thenative imind botwoen te utu ae kaan."the blood kin whichie near", and te utu ae raroa, "the blood kin whichis distant". The near kin is included TJ^itliin thefirst three generations cf descent from a common ancestor; its .loabers may not interuiarry. The fourthgeneration, for purposes of marriage, theoretically atleast "goes free", but not until collaterals stand inthe fiftii generation of removal from the common e,ncee-tor do they call one another distant kinsmen.

Brotliers and oiotcrs bj coiortes^ (i.e., not consideredto belong to the same utu) are -Husbands of two sisters; wives of two brothers

See 2 above.

See 1 above.

See 6 above. To distinguish between uterine and otherclasses of brotlrer and sister, the mor* distant areaometimes called ai-tari, ai-maane.

See 1 above.

See 2 above.

See 6 above. Al-tari, ai-maane. *

See 5 above. For exactitude, ai-nati.

See 5 above. Ditto.

Applied to all grandparents, on father's and mother'sside, and'to those whom they would call brother andsister. To denote sex, the wordi te maane. the man,or te ftine. the woman, are added, thues tibu-na temaane • his grandfather. "Adoptive grandfather; idoptive grandmother. But the

|0|

.r^ V • • . •-adoptor is usually a aeaber of the utu, to whom thej V' ./ t ; *• '""•'• •' •• title of tibu is in any case due from the adopted.

/•' ' term tibu is reciprocal between grandparent and. granuchild.• ."'"I "... . V ,.'wn .

V. "Vt •;.* Other possible meanings of tibu are -4.'-'*' Ancestor to the nth degree, but baka-tibu raore clearly

expresses this;Descendant to the nth degree.

'V'r-k V ». '4. ^ - _ *'•

The term is sojietimes applied collectively to a whole... branch of an utu, to denote its seniority. Thus,

Tibu-ra the laaanga aei, "this branch is (lit.)i 'V'vy... • . our grandparent", which is to say, "this branch

of the utu is senior to ours".

r'

17, Grandchild Tibu

IS. Father-in-law Tama See 1 and 2 above. •10, ij!other-in..-law Tina The parents of a ;mn and his wife call one another -.wo-ia

"--.I---'/7 ~ /? /- "A

20. Son-in-law Natioi. Daughter-in-law Nati

^2. Husband ' 3u In the Northern Gilberts, ^ is the term used. It isKain-aba never without the possessive pronoun, which isRao suffixed, thus: Bu-na, Bu-m, hes husband, thy

iv:-I r- hhr"

husband. The word also means Kin, but does nottake the possessive pronoun ac a suffix; henceana bu = her kin, am bu « thy kin.

In the Southern Gilberts, the tern for Husband isKain-aba. Tin'n ir nlr- tb" wrd nnnri ti'irrni^n jgttko Graup for iiufbandlB brathor and Husband'ssister.

The word Rao is sometimes heard, but I think it is onlyused in its everyday sense of"Companion'.' '-T-Yr jitihaMircrpii iFam i.c clirro uood in a ejioclal i'M-iu.. i,^till tin fill 8 thoi Wife's brothow.

2^, ^ife BuRao-ni-kie This term means "Compani.dn of the sleeping itiat" .Kain-aba

24.. Wife's brother •tea. See Z2 above, last paragraph.

25. Wife's sister ^Taua-ni-kai) The wife's sister owed the duty of concubitancy to thehusband, even when he elected to give her away inmarriage to another.

2,C' Husband s brother Hasni^aba Sairi SQ abevo^ tjeooitd paragraph,ok Husband's sister Kain-aba Ditto." / \ i

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