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Ship Know ledge


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Objectives

The lesson aims to train the students on:

Basic knowledge ofnaval architecture.

Knowledge associated with ship performance.

Knowledge associated with ship design.

Effective communication skills with emphasison writing and oral presentation in English.

Ship knowledge


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Ship knowledge

What is naval architecture?

Naval architecture is the science of making a ship

fit for purpose.

What is required of a naval architect?

A naval architect is an engineer competent in naval

architecture.

Objectives


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A naval architect must keep in mind the

following:

Main dimensions

Displacement

Light weight & dead weight

Freeboard

Capacities

Hull form

Trim and stability

Longitudinal strength

Resistance and power

Machinery

Endurance

Outfitting

Material costs

Economic considerations

Objectives

Ship knowledge


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Interrelations of courses

Ship knowledge

Ship

Knowledge

Fluid

Mechanics

Ship

HydrostaticsPrinciple of

Ship Design

International

ShippingShip

Drawing

Ship Resistance

and Propulsion

ShipManeuveringand Oscillation

Material

mechanics

Computer-Aided Design

Structural

Mechanics


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Brief Contents Lectu re t ime (hrs )

Ship knowledge

1. Ship types and shipwise 4

2. Ship form & performance 4

3. Forces on a ship 2

5. Ship design 4

4. Ship structure 4

6. Ship resistance & propulsion 4

7. Ship stability 4

9. Offshore structures 28. The building of a ship 2


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Reference

1., Klaas van Dokkum,

published by DOKMAR, the Netherlands.

Ship knowledge

2. , E.C.

Tupper Etc..

3. ,published

by the society of naval architects and marine engineers.

4. , Dr. C.B. Barrass.

5. D.J. Eyres

6. , Prof. J.

K. Waters.


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Lecture 1. Ship Types and Shipwise

Ships types and important

characteristics for different

ships.

Ships terms.

Ship knowledge

2. Ship design

3. Ship form & performance

5. Ship structure

6. Ship resistance & propulsion

7. The building of a ship

8. Ship stability

9. Offshore structures

4. Forces on a ship

1. Ship types and shipwise In this chapter, different types of ships

and their characteristics are introduced.

Some pictures of ships are shown. The

contents include:


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1. Ship types

Introduction to Naval Architecture


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Lecture 1Ship types& shipwise1. Ship types

(1) Dry cargo

(2) Liquid cargo

(3) Passengers

(4) Work ships

(5) Auxiliary craft

(6) Pleasure craft

(7) Offshore structures

(8) Navy Vessels

Ships can be

categorized into the

following by use:

Merchant ship

Warship

Ship knowledge


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Ship knowledge

(1) Dry cargo Unit cargo

Container vessel

Roll-on/roll-off Heavy-cargo vessel

Refrigerated ships

Cattle ship

Bulk cargo

Bulk carrier

Ore carrier Multi-purpose ship



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Ship knowledge

Crude carrier

Product tanker

Chemical tanker

LPG/LNG carriers

(2) Liquid cargo



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(3) Passengers Passenger ship

Car and

passenger ferryCruise ship

Ship knowledgeLecture 1Ship types& shipwise1. Ship types


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Ship knowledge

Crane vessels

Cable layersOil-recovery vessels

Salvage boat

Dredger (Bucket, Grab, Suction,

Dipper)

(4) Work ships



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Ship knowledge

Seagoing tugs

Harbor tugs

Icebreakers

Pilot vessel

Coast guard vessels

Research vessels

(5) Auxiliary craft



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Ship knowledge

Moto yachts

Sailing yachts

(6) Pleasure craft



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Ship knowledge

Drilling rigs / Jack-up

Drill ships

Pipe layers

Floating (Production) Storage andOffloading vessel F(P)SO

(7) Offshore structures

Lecture 1Ships type& shipwise1. Ship types


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Ship knowledge

Aircraft carrier

CruisersDestroyers

Frigates

Submarines

Mine sweepers

(8) Navy Vessels



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Discuss some ship types in detail



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Container ships are cargo ships that

carry all of their load in truck-sizeintermodal containers, in a technique

called containerization. They form a

common means of commercial

intermodal freight transport.


Container ships


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Ship knowledgeLecture 1Ship types& shipwise1. Ship types Container ships

Capacity is measured in the number of standard

TEU orFEU containers a vessel can carry.

Possible cargo

containers (dry, liquid and reefer containers)


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TEU/FEU (ISO-stands)


FEU = forty feet equivalent unit

The size is 40 x 8 x 8 or 12m x 2.4m x 2.4 m.

TEU = twenty feet equivalent unit.

The size is 20 x 8 x 8 or 6m x 2.4m x 2.4m.

(Actual length is 1.5 shorter.)


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TEU/FEU (ISO-stands)

TEU FEU

Internal capacity 33m3 68m3

Weight empty 2.3t 3.8t

Max. payload 21.7t 26.7t


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Ship knowledge

Two types of container vessel:

(a) Intercontinental containervessels up

to 22,000 TEU (year 2008),

(b) Containerfeeders, starting at 200 TEU.


Container ships


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Ship knowledge

(a) Intercontinental

container vessels

The big containers can only go to the largest ports.

Large container vessels usually do not have their

own loading gear.

A number of such ships were built without hatch-

covers.


Container ships


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Ship knowledge

(a) Intercontinental

container vessels

The big vessels are also classified on the basis of

the passage criteria:

Panamax ships, with a width less than 32.3m.

Seuzmax ships have a maximum draught of19m.

Post Panamax ships (since 1988)

Post Seuzmax ships (in the future)


Container ships


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Ship knowledge

(b) Container feeders

Small or medium-size,

starting at 200TEU

From small ports to

large ports and vice

versa Multipurpose ships

are often employed

as container feeders.


Container ships


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Ship knowledge

Bulk carriers


Possible cargo:

coal

ore

agriculturalproducts like grain

fertilizer

forest product likewood

cement

light minerals

Special design for transporting ore:

Such ships need small holds to beloaded.

The holds can not be too low or

too closed to the sides of the ship.

Characteristics:

Loading by a shooter or via a

conveyor belt

Discharging by suction pipe or

by grabs

Large upper and lower ballast

tanks


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Ship knowledge

Bulk carriers


The size of the bulk carries:

Handysize, between 10,000 and 30,000 tons

deadweight

Handymax, between 3500 and 50,000 tons

deadweight

Panamax, approx. under 80,000 tonsdeadweight

Capsize, between 80,000 and 160,000 tons

deadweight

Bulk carriers


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The patterns of hatchcover:

1. pontoon

2. Side rolling

3. folding

Ship knowledge

13

Ship with opened (hydraulic) folding hatch

Coastal trade liner with a

partially opened hatch

2

Side rolling hatches, two covers on

each hold

Bulk carriers


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Ship knowledgeLecture 1Ship types& shipwise1. Ship types (Bulk carriers)

Hatchcoaming:

Raised above the deck to reduce the risk of

flooding

Provide compensation for the loss of

strength due to the deck opening


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Ship knowledge

(a) Ro-Ro car & passenger

ferries

Possible cargo:

trucks and lorries

passengers

cars

trains

Roll-on / Roll-off



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Ship knowledge

Roll-on / Roll-off

A small Ro-Ro freighter with vehicles in

the holds and on the main deck

(b) Ro-Ro carriers

Characteristics:

Continuous decks

May loses its stability

rapidly

Stringent requirementsfor safety

Problems:

Easily get a list duringloading and unloading

Equipped with an anti-

heeling system to keep the

ship upright



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Ship knowledge

Heavy lift ships

Semi-submersible heavy-lift ships

Sink till the main deck is sufficiently below the

waterline to take large floating objects

Pump out the water, the cargo is lifted and sails as

one unit

Special requirements for construction

Special requirements for stability

Consideration for lashing and securing the cargo



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Ship knowledge

Refrigerated ships (reefers)

Possible cargo:

fruit, vegetables

meat, fish

general cargo

containers on deck

and sometimes on

the holds

Characteristics:

Refrigerated containers having

a built-in refrigerating system.

Air is used to removed the

heat.


1 types 1 students

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