1 tooth preparation
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FUNDAMENTALS OF TOOTH PREPARATION
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DEFINITIONTOOTH PREPARATION IS DEFINED AS MECHANICAL
ALTERATION OF A DEFECTIVE, INJURED OR
DISEASED TOOTH TO BEST RECEIVE A RESTORATIVEMATERIAL THAT WILL ESTABLISH A HEALTHY
STATE FOR TOOTH,INCLUDING ESTHETIC
RESTORATION WHERE INDICATED, ALONG WITHNORMAL FORM AND FINCTION.
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Remove all defects and provide necessaryprotection to the pulp
Extend the restoration as conservatively aspossible
Form the tooth preparation so that underforce of mastication the tooth or therestoration or both will not fracture and therestoration will not be displaced
Allow for esthetic and functional placement of
restorative material
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NomenclaturesNomenclaturesCARIES
Can be described according to
Location
Extent
Rate
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LOCATIONLOCATION
Primary caries :
Original carious lesion of tooth.
Three morphological types1. In enamel pit and fissures
2.On enamel smooth tooth surfaces
3.On root surfaces
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PIT AND FISSURE CARIESPIT AND FISSURE CARIES
Pit and fissure caries can form inregions of pits and fissures usuallyresulting from imperfect coalescence
of the developmental enamel lobes
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SMOOTH SURFACE CARIESSMOOTH SURFACE CARIES
Begins in smooth area of enamel surface thatis habitually unclean and is usually covered by
plaque
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BACKWARD CARIESBACKWARD CARIES
When spread ofcaries along DEJexceeds thecaries in thecontiguousenamel, cariesextends into thisenamel fromjunction and istermed backwardcaries.
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FORWARD CARIESFORWARD CARIES
Forward caries is wherever the caries cone inenamel is larger or at least the same size as
that in dentin
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RESIDUAL CARIESRESIDUAL CARIES
Caries thatremains in acompleted toothpreparation,whether byoperatorsintention oraccident
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ROOT SURFACE CARIESROOT SURFACE CARIES
Root surface caries may occur on the toothroot that has not been exposed to the oralenvironment and habitually covered plaque.
Usually more rapid other forms of caries
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SECONDARY CARIESSECONDARY CARIES
Secondary caries occurs at the junction of arestoration and the tooth and may progress
under the restoration.
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EXTENT OF CARIESEXTENT OF CARIES
Incipient caries (reversible)
Cavitated caries (nonreversible)
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INCIPIENT CARIES/REVERSIBLEINCIPIENT CARIES/REVERSIBLE
First evidence of caries activity in mouth
Lesion appear opaque white when air dried and willseem to disappear if wetted.
Lesion can be remineralized if corrective measuresare taken
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CAVITATED CARIES /IRREVERSIBLECAVITATED CARIES /IRREVERSIBLE
In cavitated caries the enamel surface isbroken and usually the lesion is advanced indentin. Remineralization is not possible.
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RATE (SPEED) OF CARIESRATE (SPEED) OF CARIES
Acute (rampant caries )
Chronic (arrested caries )
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ACUTE (RAMPANT CARIES )ACUTE (RAMPANT CARIES )
Usually in form of many, soft, light coloredlesion in mouth and is infectious.
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ARRESTED CARIESARRESTED CARIES
Disease is episodic, slow rate is due todemineralization followed by mineralization
Color is brown black, hard and may be more caries
resistant
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TOOTH PREPARATION TERMINOLOGYTOOTH PREPARATION TERMINOLOGY
SIMPLE COMPOUND
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TOOTH PREPARATION WALLSTOOTH PREPARATION WALLS
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TOOTH PREPARATION ANGLESTOOTH PREPARATION ANGLES
Cavosurface angle
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Cavosurface angle and cavosurface margin
Cavosurface angle is the angle of tooth structureformed by the junction of a prepared (cut) wall andexternal surface of the tooth
The junction of both (external and internal ) surfacesis termed cavosurface margin.
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Line angle :a line angle is the junction of two planalsurfaces of different orientation along a line .
Internal line angle is a angle whose apex points intothe tooth.
External line angle is a line angle whose apex pointsaway from tooth.
Point angle :a point angle is the junction of threeplanal surfaces of different orientation
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TOOTH PREPARATION TERMINOLOGYTOOTH PREPARATION TERMINOLOGY
Class I preparation: All pit and fissurerestorations are class I.
Restorations on occlusal surface of premolarsand molars
Restorations on occlusal two third of facial and
lingual surfaces of molars Restorations on lingual surfaces of maxillary
incisor
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Class I tooth preparation
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Class IIrestoration
Restorations
on proximalsurfaces ofposteriorteeth are
class II.
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Class IIIrestoration
Restorations onproximalsurfaces ofanterior teeththat does notinvolve incisaledge are classIII.
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Class IV
restoration:Restorationon proximalsurfaces of
anteriorteeth thatinvolve incisaledge areclass IV
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Class VrestorationRestorationson the gingivalthird of facialor lingualsurfaces of allteeth.
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Schematic representation of walls, line angle and point angle for class Icavity
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Schematic representation of walls ,lineangles ,point angles for class II cavity
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Schematic representation of walls line angles,point angles for class III cavity
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Schematic representation of walls line anglesand point angle for class IV cavity
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Schematic representation of walls .line anglesand point angles for class V cavity