1 tm. copyright © 1997 by the psychological corporation. all rights reserved. wechsler’s...
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Copyright © 1997 by The Psychological Corporation. All rights reserved.
Wechsler’s Definition of IQWechsler’s Definition of IQ
“Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with his environment.”
– Global because it characterizes individual’s behavior as a whole
– Aggregate because it is composed of elements or abilities that are qualitatively differentiable
“Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with his environment.”
– Global because it characterizes individual’s behavior as a whole
– Aggregate because it is composed of elements or abilities that are qualitatively differentiable
Wechsler, 1939Wechsler, 1939
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Copyright © 1997 by The Psychological Corporation. All rights reserved.
Goals of the WAIS–IIIGoals of the WAIS–III
Goal 1: Continuity and Familiarity
Goal 2: Updating of Norms
Goal 3: Extension of Age Range
Goal 4: Age-Corrected Norms
Goal 5: Improved Item Content
Goal 6: Improved Stimulus Materials
Goal 1: Continuity and Familiarity
Goal 2: Updating of Norms
Goal 3: Extension of Age Range
Goal 4: Age-Corrected Norms
Goal 5: Improved Item Content
Goal 6: Improved Stimulus Materials
Revisions and ChangesRevisions and Changes
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Goals of the WAIS–IIIGoals of the WAIS–III
Goal 7: Improved Diagnostic and Descriptive Utility
Goal 8: De-emphasis on Performance Speed
Goal 9: Enhancement of Fluid Reasoning Assessment
Goal 10: Linkage with WMS–III and WIAT
Goal 11: Extensive Validity Studies
Goal 12: Enhancement of Scoring Rules
Goal 7: Improved Diagnostic and Descriptive Utility
Goal 8: De-emphasis on Performance Speed
Goal 9: Enhancement of Fluid Reasoning Assessment
Goal 10: Linkage with WMS–III and WIAT
Goal 11: Extensive Validity Studies
Goal 12: Enhancement of Scoring Rules
Revisions and ChangesRevisions and Changes
44
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Basic Description of the WAIS–IIIBasic Description of the WAIS–III• Individual Administration• Assessment of Cognitive Functioning in Adults,
Aged 16–89 Years• Scale Composition
– 11 Subtests to Obtain IQ Scores– 11 Subtests to Obtain Index Scores– New Subtests: Matrix Reasoning, Symbol Search,
Letter–Number Sequencing– Optional Subtest: Object Assembly
• Individual Administration• Assessment of Cognitive Functioning in Adults,
Aged 16–89 Years• Scale Composition
– 11 Subtests to Obtain IQ Scores– 11 Subtests to Obtain Index Scores– New Subtests: Matrix Reasoning, Symbol Search,
Letter–Number Sequencing– Optional Subtest: Object Assembly
Goal 1: Continuity and FamiliarityGoal 1: Continuity and Familiarity
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Demographic Stratification Variables
Demographic Stratification Variables
• Age
• Sex
• Race/Ethnicity
• Education Level
• Geographic Region
• Age
• Sex
• Race/Ethnicity
• Education Level
• Geographic Region
66
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Stratification Variables: AgeStratification Variables: Age
16–17
18–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–44
45-54
55–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80–84
85–89
WAIS–III
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 150 100
WMS–III
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 75
45–54
77
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Structure of the ScaleStructure of the Scale
WAIS–III Levels of PerformanceWAIS–III Levels of Performance
FSIQFSIQFSIQFSIQ
Digit SpanDigit SpanArithmeticArithmeticLetter–Number Letter–Number
SequencingSequencing
VocabularyVocabularySimilaritiesSimilaritiesInformationInformationComprehensionComprehension
DigitDigit SymbolSymbol—Coding—CodingSymbol SearchSymbol Search
Block DesignBlock DesignMatrix ReasoningMatrix ReasoningPicture CompletionPicture CompletionPicture ArrangementPicture Arrangement
VIQVIQVIQVIQ PIQPIQPIQPIQ
VCIVCIVCIVCI WMIWMIWMIWMI POIPOIPOIPOI PSIPSIPSIPSI
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WAIS–III Subtests for IQ ScoresWAIS–III Subtests for IQ Scores
• Vocabulary• Similarities• Arithmetic• Digit Span• Information• Comprehension
• Vocabulary• Similarities• Arithmetic• Digit Span• Information• Comprehension
• Picture Completion• Digit Symbol—Coding• Block Design• Matrix Reasoning• Picture Arrangement
• Picture Completion• Digit Symbol—Coding• Block Design• Matrix Reasoning• Picture Arrangement
Verbal PerformanceVerbal Performance
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WAIS–III Subtestsfor Index Scores
WAIS–III Subtestsfor Index Scores
• Vocabulary
• Similarities
• Information
• Vocabulary
• Similarities
• Information
• Arithmetic
• Digit Span
• Letter–Number Sequencing
• Arithmetic
• Digit Span
• Letter–Number Sequencing
• Picture Completion
• Block Design
• Matrix Reasoning
• Picture Completion
• Block Design
• Matrix Reasoning
• DigitSymbol—Coding
• Symbol Search
• DigitSymbol—Coding
• Symbol Search
Verbal Comprehension
Verbal Comprehension
Perceptual OrganizationPerceptual
OrganizationWorkingMemoryWorkingMemory
ProcessingSpeed
ProcessingSpeed
1010
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Summary of Verbal Subtest ChangesSummary of Verbal Subtest Changes
VocabularyVocabulary 3535 2525 00 88 3333SimilaritiesSimilarities 1414 1111 00 88 1919ArithmeticArithmetic 1414 1313 11 66 2020Digit SpanDigit Span 1414 1414 00 11 1515InformationInformation 2929 1818 11 66 1818ComprehensionComprehension 1616 1212 00 66 1818Letter–NumberLetter–Number Sequencing Sequencing —— —— —— 77 7 7
SubtestSubtest
Total Items
WAIS–R
Total Items
WAIS–R
Unchanged or Slightly Modified
Unchanged or Slightly Modified
Substantially Modified
Substantially Modified
New ItemsNew Items
Total Items
WAIS–III
Total Items
WAIS–III
1111
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Summary of Performance Subtest ChangesSummary of Performance Subtest Changes
Picture CompletionPicture Completion 2020 88 22 1515 25 25Digit SymbolDigit Symbol —Coding —Coding 9393 9393 00 4040 133133Block DesignBlock Design 99 99 00 55 14 14Matrix ReasoningMatrix Reasoning —— —— —— 2626 28 28PicturePicture Arrangement Arrangement 1010 55 00 66 11 11Symbol SearchSymbol Search —— —— —— 6060 60 60Object AssemblyObject Assembly 44 33 11 22 5 5
SubtestSubtest
Total Items
WAIS–R
Total Items
WAIS–R
Unchanged or Slightly Modified
Unchanged or Slightly Modified
Substantially Modified
Substantially Modified
New ItemsNew Items
Total Items
WAIS–III
Total Items
WAIS–III
1212
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Converting Raw Scores to Scaled ScoresConverting Raw Scores to Scaled Scores
SUBTESTSSUBTESTS Raw ScoreRaw Score
Picture Completion
Vocabulary
Digit Symbol–Coding
Similarities
Block Design
Arithmetic
Matrix Reasoning
Picture Completion
Vocabulary
Digit Symbol–Coding
Similarities
Block Design
Arithmetic
Matrix Reasoning
22 12 12 12
56 13 13 15
54 7 7 6
28 12 12 13
41 1 1 1 1 10
1 1 8 8 9
20 13 13 12
22 12 12 12
56 13 13 15
54 7 7 6
28 12 12 13
41 1 1 1 1 10
1 1 8 8 9
20 13 13 12
VERBAL PERF. VC PO WM PSVERBAL PERF. VC PO WM PS
Reference Group Scaled Scores
Reference Group Scaled Scores
Age-Adjusted Scaled ScoresAge-Adjusted Scaled Scores
1313
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Converting Sums of Scaled Scoresto IQ and Index Scores
Converting Sums of Scaled Scoresto IQ and Index Scores
IQ/INDEX SCORESIQ/INDEX SCORES VIQ PIQ FSIQ VCI POI WMI PSIVIQ PIQ FSIQ VCI POI WMI PSI
Sums of Scaled Scores
IQ/Index Scores
Percentiles
Confidence Intervals
Sums of Scaled Scores
IQ/Index Scores
Percentiles
Confidence Intervals
62 55 117
101 106 103
53 66 58
96– 99– 99–106 112 107
62 55 117
101 106 103
53 66 58
96– 99– 99–106 112 1079595
1414
%%
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Plotting Subtest Scores (IQ)Plotting Subtest Scores (IQ)
1515
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Plotting Subtest Scores (Index)Plotting Subtest Scores (Index)
1616
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Determining Strengths and WeaknessesDetermining Strengths and Weaknesses
13 9.57 3.43 2.10 5 <5%
12 9.57 2.43 2.77
8 9.57 –1.57 2.63
7 9.57 –2.57 2.40 W >25%
1 1 9.57 1.43 2.34
1 1 9.57 1.43 2.96
13 9.57 3.43 2.10 5 <5%
12 9.57 2.43 2.77
8 9.57 –1.57 2.63
7 9.57 –2.57 2.40 W >25%
1 1 9.57 1.43 2.34
1 1 9.57 1.43 2.96
SUBTESTSSUBTESTSScaled Score
Scaled Score
Vocabulary
Similarities
Arithmetic
Digit Span
Information
Comprehension
Vocabulary
Similarities
Arithmetic
Digit Span
Information
Comprehension
Mean ScoreMean Score
Difference from MeanDifference from Mean
Statistical Significance .0
5 Level
Statistical Significance .0
5 LevelStrength
(+)Strength
(+)Weakness
(–)Weakness
(–)
Frequency of Difference in
Standardization Sample
Frequency of Difference in
Standardization Sample
Total÷ No. of Subtests
Mean Score
Total÷ No. of Subtests
Mean Score
67 70 = 137
7 7 ÷ 14
9.57 10 9.79
67 70 = 137
7 7 ÷ 14
9.57 10 9.79Overall MeanOverall Mean
1717
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Discrepancy AnalysisDiscrepancy Analysis
101 106 -5 8.48
110 111 -1 9.78
110 80 30 9.08 2.3%
111 79 32 12.13 2.6%
101 106 -5 8.48
110 111 -1 9.78
110 80 30 9.08 2.3%
111 79 32 12.13 2.6%
DISCREPANCY COMPARISONSDISCREPANCY COMPARISONS
Verbal IQ –Performance IQ
Verbal Comprehension – Perceptual Organization
Verbal Comprehension – Working Memory
Perceptual Organization – Processing Speed
Verbal IQ –Performance IQ
Verbal Comprehension – Perceptual Organization
Verbal Comprehension – Working Memory
Perceptual Organization – Processing Speed
Score1
Score1
Score2
Score2 DifferenceDifference
Statistical Significance .05 Level
Statistical Significance .05 Level
Frequency of Difference in
Standardization Sample
Frequency of Difference in
Standardization Sample
VIQ PIQ
VCI POI
VCI WMI
POI PSI
VIQ PIQ
VCI POI
VCI WMI
POI PSI
Digits Forward – BackwardDigits Forward – Backward 7 5 2 60%7 5 2 60%
FWD BKWD FWD BKWD
1818