1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 the study of information hiding mechanisms 指導教授: chang,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
資訊隱藏技術之研究資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding MecThe Study of Information Hiding Mec
hanismshanisms
指導教授: 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen (Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠張真誠 ))研究生: 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen (Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純呂慈純 ))
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering,National Chung Cheng University
![Page 2: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Information HidingInformation Hiding
Sender
Receiver
Internet
illegalInformation
![Page 3: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Information HidingInformation Hiding
Sender
Receiver
Internet
illegal
Information
Information
![Page 4: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Information Hiding - LSBInformation Hiding - LSB
Information1011010111101011H
00000101 00001010 00001011 00001100
00010100 00011111 00101000 00110011
00011011 00001010 00010001 00101101
00100101 01010101 00001111 00100010
34158537
45171027
51403120
1211105
Image
1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
5 11 10 13
20 31 41 51
27 10 17 44
37 85 14 35
Least Significant Bit (LSB)
Stego Image
![Page 5: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Information Hiding - LSBInformation Hiding - LSB
34158537
45171027
51403120
1211105
Image
35148537
44171027
51413120
1310115
Stego-Image
MSE = 222 353411105516
1 =0.4375
PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) =
MSElog
2
10
25510 =51.72
Payload = 1 (bit per pixel, bpp)
![Page 6: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Information Hiding - LSBInformation Hiding - LSB
00000101 00001011 00001000 00001111
00010110 00011101 00101001 00110001
00011001 00001010 00010011 00101110
00100101 01010111 00001100 00100001
PSNR = 43.27Payload = 2 bpp
Trade-off: Image quality and Payload
Robustness
![Page 7: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
•Pixel Domain
– Quantization-based Information Hiding Scheme
– A Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme
![Page 8: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Pixel Domain Pixel Domain
Quantization-based Information Quantization-based Information
Hiding SchemeHiding Scheme
![Page 9: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Quantization-based Information Hiding SchemeQuantization-based Information Hiding Scheme
34158537
45171027
51403120
1211105
ImageInformation
1011010111101011H
0110101101011000K
1101110000000110S 35158538
45171027
51403220
1212106
Modified Image
6 12
![Page 10: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
8q
35158538
45171027
51403220
1212106
Modified Image
1101110000000110S
0 255
8 16 24 32 248240
1 2 3 32314
1 0 1 0 1 0
11
2
68116
2
1
AqA
AA
18
6
q
AA
6
0 8 16 24
1 0 111
![Page 11: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
35158538
45171027
51403220
12121011
Modified Image
1101110000000110S
8q0 255
8 16 24 32 248240
1 2 3 32314
1 0 1 0 1 0
13
2
108210
2
AqA
AA
28
10
q
AA
10
0 8 16 24
1 0 113
![Page 12: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Quantization-based Information Hiding SchemeQuantization-based Information Hiding Scheme
- Extraction Process- Extraction Process
37198643
50201333
53444026
14141311
Stego Image
8q0 255
8 16 24 32 248240
1 2 3 32314
1 0 1 0 1 0
S 00 00000110110111
PSNR = 34.91Payload = 1 bpp
0110101101011000K
1011010111101011H
![Page 13: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
otherwise.12
0if2
,qAA
s,qAAA i
37198643
50201333
53444026
14141311
Stego Image
1101110000000110S
688
111122
qAAA*
1088
13132
*A
6
0 255
8 16 24 48 24856
1 2 3 32314
1 0 1 0 1 0
51188
53532
*A
1
7
1051
![Page 14: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
35158538
45171027
51403220
1212106
Repaired Image
37198643
50201333
53444026
14141311
Stego Image
PSNR = 34.91Payload = 1 bpp
PSNR = 53.18Payload = 1 bpp
Quantization-based Information Hiding SchemeQuantization-based Information Hiding Scheme
-Repairing Process-Repairing Process
![Page 15: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
37198643
50201333
53444026
14141311
Stego Image
Quantization-based Information Hiding SchemeQuantization-based Information Hiding Scheme
-Robustness-Robustness
1101110000000110S
37228643
50181333
53444029
1014139
Stego Image
1101110000000110*S
8q0 255
8 16 24 32 248240
1 2 3 32314
1 0 1 0 1 0
![Page 16: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Experimental ResultsExperimental Results
Modified Images
Stego Images4q
![Page 17: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Experimental ResultsExperimental Results
PSNR Lena Peppers Airplane Baboon
8
Modified Image 51.14 51.13 51.14 51.15
Stego Image 34.79 34.80 34.86 34.81
Repaired Image 51.14 51.13 51.14 51.15
4
Modified Image 51.15 51.13 51.14 51.12
Stego Image 40.71 40.72 40.74 40.73
Repaired Image 51.15 51.13 51.14 51.12
q
Payload: 1 bpp
![Page 18: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Pixel Domain Pixel Domain
A Difference Expansion Oriented A Difference Expansion Oriented
Data Hiding SchemeData Hiding Scheme
![Page 19: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
A Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme A Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme
Hiding Process Hiding Process
0 A AA
A A 0A
Au0 u1 u2
k
iiuk 1
1
![Page 20: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Hiding ProcessHiding Process
h =1
Image
3 2 4 5
3 2 0 19
0 0 0 0
4 3 1 4
33
423
235 Ad 0 A
2
A
4 h=1
812232 hdA
8
255)1 2( d
![Page 21: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Hiding ProcessHiding Process
Image
3 2 4 8
3 2 0 19
0 0 0 0
4 3 1 4
43
842
134 Ad
111242 hdA
A A 0
1
Expandableh =1
1- 20 d
![Page 22: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Hiding ProcessHiding Process
Image
3 2 4 8
1 2 0 19
0 0 0 0
4 3 1 4
43
184
224 Ad
112242 hdA
A 0 A
Non-Expandable
h =1
1- 20 d
![Page 23: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Hiding ProcessHiding Process
Image
3 2 4 8
1 2 0 19
0 0 0 0
4 3 1 4
224 Ad
112
224
22
hd
A A 0 A
Changeable
1
h =1
1- 2
20
d
![Page 24: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Hiding ProcessHiding Process
Image
3 2 4 8
1 1 0 19
0 0 0 0
4 3 1 4
19190 Ad
3911920 A
Expandableh =1
03
011
d > Threshold = 10
1912
1920
A
Changeable
19
![Page 25: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Hiding ProcessHiding Process
Image
3 2 4 8
1 1 0 19
0 0 0 0
4 3 1 4
000 Ad
112
020
A
A 0
A
Non-Changeable
0h =1
1- 2
20
d
![Page 26: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
A Difference Expansion Oriented A Difference Expansion Oriented
Data Hiding SchemeData Hiding Scheme
Image
3 2 4 8
2 2 0 19
0 0 0 0
4 3 1 4
3 2 4 8
1 1 0 19
0 0 0 0
9 2 0 6
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
Location Map
PSNR: 44.99Payload: 0.56 bpp
![Page 27: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
33
423
583 Ad
52
153
2
hd
A
3 2 4 83 2 4 5
1 2mod52mod dh
A0 A
d
Extraction Process for ExpandableExtraction Process for Expandable3 2 4 8
1 1 0 19
0 0 0 0
9 2 0 6
![Page 28: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Extraction SchemeExtraction Scheme for Expandable for Expandable
43
842
314 Ad
32
134
2
hd
A
2 4 8 12 4 8 3
1 2mod52mod dh
A 0 A
d
3 2 4 8
1 1 0 19
0 0 0 0
9 2 0 6
![Page 29: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
43
184
314 d
22
1324
22
hd
A
4 8 1 14 8 1 2
1 2mod3 h
Extraction Process for ChangeableExtraction Process for Changeable
A 0 A
d
1 2
20
d
3 2 4 8
1 1 0 19
0 0 0 0
9 2 0 6
![Page 30: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
0
0d
0 0 0 00 0 0 0
Extraction Process for non-ChangeableExtraction Process for non-Changeable
-11 2
0201
220
d
3 2 4 8
1 1 0 19
0 0 0 0
9 2 0 6
![Page 31: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
A Difference Expansion Oriented A Difference Expansion Oriented
Data Hiding SchemeData Hiding Scheme
Image
3 2 4 8
2 2 0 19
0 0 0 0
4 3 1 4
3 2 4 8
1 1 0 19
0 0 0 0
9 2 0 6
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
Location Map
PSNR: 44.99Payload: 0.56 bpp
0100101
![Page 32: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Experimental ResultsExperimental Results
![Page 33: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Experimental ResultsExperimental Results
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
3 9 15 21 27 33 39 45 51 57 63 69
Threshold (T)
Pay
load
(bp
p)
Lena Baboon Barbara Boats GoldHill F16
Pepper Tiffany Toy Zelda F14 Sailboat
![Page 34: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Experimental ResultsExperimental ResultsImage name Payload (bpp) PSNR (dB)
Barbara 0.651 33.840
Baboon 0.539 32.642
Boats 0.787 34.575
Gold Hill 0.794 32.939
F14 0.737 33.889
F16 0.850 35.818
Lena 0.857 34.794
Pepper 0.880 35.277
Sailboat 0.776 33.294
Tiffany 0.880 35.355
Toys 0.846 35.362
Zelda 0.921 36.343
15T
![Page 35: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Experimental ResultsExperimental Results
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0
PSNR (dB)
Pay
load
(bp
p)
Tian Celik Proposed
![Page 36: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Sender
Receiver
Internet
Compressed codes:1011101111…..
Information
?
![Page 37: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Sender
Receiver
Internet
Compressed codes:1011101111…..Information
Information
![Page 38: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
• Index Domain
– Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Switching Tree Coding
– Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQ
![Page 39: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Index DomainIndex Domain
Reversible Hiding Scheme Reversible Hiding Scheme
based on Switching Tree Codingbased on Switching Tree Coding
![Page 40: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Vector Quantization (VQ)Vector Quantization (VQ)
Original Image
Index table
VQ Encoder
7 7
9 10
![Page 41: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Vector Quantization (VQ)Vector Quantization (VQ)
Reconstructed Image
Index table
VQ Decoder
![Page 42: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Switching-Tree Coding Switching-Tree Coding (STC)(STC)
• Sheu proposed the STC algorithm in 1999• Re-encode the index table
the current index
U
L
Index Table
![Page 43: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
• If A = 7, then A = U A’= 11
Switching-Tree Coding (STC)Switching-Tree Coding (STC)
• If A = 10, then A = L A’= 10
![Page 44: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
If A = 14 A’=01 +‘00011’
Switching-Tree Coding Switching-Tree Coding (STC)(STC)
If A = 17 A’=00 +‘00010001’
![Page 45: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Information : 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 …
A’ = 00+(10) 00+(25) 00+(21) … 00+(17)
Information Hiding on STC Codes (IHSTC)Information Hiding on STC Codes (IHSTC)
Index table
![Page 46: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
• Information : 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 …
A’ = 00+(10) 00+(25) 00+(21) … 00+(17)
‘10’
0
Information Hiding on STC Codes (IHSTC)Information Hiding on STC Codes (IHSTC)
![Page 47: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
• Information : 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 …
A’ = 00+(10) 00+(25) 00+(21) … 00+(17)
‘10’
10+00+(128) …
Information Hiding on STC Codes (IHSTC)Information Hiding on STC Codes (IHSTC)
1
![Page 48: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
A’ = 00+(10) 00+(25) 00+(21) … 00+(17)
10 00+(128) … 10
Extraction and ReconstructionExtraction and Reconstruction
10 25 21 100 10 17 17
Information:0
![Page 49: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
A’ = 00+(10) 00+(25) 00+(21) … 00+(17)
10+ 00+(128) … 10
Extraction and ReconstructionExtraction and Reconstruction
10 25 21 100 10 17 17 128
66 237 100
Information: 01
100
![Page 50: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
Experiment ResultsExperiment Results
Image PSNR NSTCCompression
RatioPayload (bp
p)
Lena 29.87 11,129 0.39 0.04
Pepper 29.49 10,568 0.40 0.04
Baboon 23.079 4,771 0.55 0.02
Airplane 28.58 11,470 0.35 0.04
![Page 51: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Pixel Domain Pixel Domain Reversible Hiding Scheme Reversible Hiding Scheme
based on Side-Match VQbased on Side-Match VQ
![Page 52: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Vector Quantization (VQ)Vector Quantization (VQ)
Original Image
Index table
VQ Encoder
7 7
9 10
![Page 53: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Side-Match VQ (SMVQ)Side-Match VQ (SMVQ)Seed Block
Seed Block
Residual Block
![Page 54: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
X = (81, 15, 53, 34, 51,?, ?, ?, 91, ?, ?, ?, 49,?, ?, ?)
Codebook
![Page 55: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
No. Codeword SED
0 81 6 43 28 60 86 66 19 27 88 57 40 19 18 10 6 72.76
1 78 42 14 63 54 66 54 39 27 54 68 98 40 70 28 4 85.36
2 9 62 69 21 29 4 11 68 68 24 80 74 79 79 49 56 98.65
3 99 78 28 14 77 58 24 60 29 87 24 77 35 73 38 48 100.17
4 56 20 61 72 6 33 77 51 22 33 5 91 83 1 99 49 100.50
5 54 88 49 26 17 2 5 19 16 51 52 50 90 15 53 34 120.83
6 11 63 91 90 4 50 23 62 58 53 34 85 53 59 94 12 122.87
7 2 88 0 69 52 19 25 79 88 96 73 35 37 61 73 6 125.53
State Codebook
000
![Page 56: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQReversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQ
![Page 57: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
No. Codeword SED
0 81 6 43 28 60 86 66 19 27 88 57 40 19 18 10 6 72.76
1 78 42 14 63 54 66 54 39 27 54 68 98 40 70 28 4 85.36
2 9 62 69 21 29 4 11 68 68 24 80 74 79 79 49 56 98.65
3 99 78 28 14 77 58 24 60 29 87 24 77 35 73 38 48 100.17
4 56 20 61 72 6 33 77 51 22 33 5 91 83 1 99 49 100.50
5 54 88 49 26 17 2 5 19 16 51 52 50 90 15 53 34 120.83
6 11 63 91 90 4 50 23 62 58 53 34 85 53 59 94 12 122.87
7 2 88 0 69 52 19 25 79 88 96 73 35 37 61 73 6 125.53
State Codebook
000
Message Type = 0
SC0
SC1
Message Type = 1
h = 0
Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQReversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQ
![Page 58: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
No. Codeword SED
0 81 6 43 28 60 86 66 19 27 88 57 40 19 18 10 6 72.76
1 78 42 14 63 54 66 54 39 27 54 68 98 40 70 28 4 85.36
2 9 62 69 21 29 4 11 68 68 24 80 74 79 79 49 56 98.65
3 99 78 28 14 77 58 24 60 29 87 24 77 35 73 38 48 100.17
4 56 20 61 72 6 33 77 51 22 33 5 91 83 1 99 49 100.50
5 54 88 49 26 17 2 5 19 16 51 52 50 90 15 53 34 120.83
6 11 63 91 90 4 50 23 62 58 53 34 85 53 59 94 12 122.87
7 2 88 0 69 52 19 25 79 88 96 73 35 37 61 73 6 125.53
State Codebook
100
Message Type = 0
SC0
SC1
Message Type = 1
h = 1
Reversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQReversible Hiding Scheme based on Side-Match VQ
![Page 59: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
X = (81, 15, 53, 34, 51,?, ?, ?, 91, ?, ?, ?, 49,?, ?, ?)
Extraction phaseExtraction phase 100
No. Codeword SED
0 81 6 43 28 60 86 66 19 27 88 57 40 19 18 10 6 72.76
1 78 42 14 63 54 66 54 39 27 54 68 98 40 70 28 4 85.36
2 9 62 69 21 29 4 11 68 68 24 80 74 79 79 49 56 98.65
3 99 78 28 14 77 58 24 60 29 87 24 77 35 73 38 48 100.17
4 56 20 61 72 6 33 77 51 22 33 5 91 83 1 99 49 100.50
5 54 88 49 26 17 2 5 19 16 51 52 50 90 15 53 34 120.83
6 11 63 91 90 4 50 23 62 58 53 34 85 53 59 94 12 122.87
7 2 88 0 69 52 19 25 79 88 96 73 35 37 61 73 6 125.53
h = 1
![Page 60: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
Extraction phase Extraction phase
![Page 61: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
File name NC PSNR Payload Compression Ratio
Boats
256 23.17 14,063 0.35
512 24.33 14,186 0.35
1024 24.94 14,224 0.36
Jet(F16)
256 23.48 14,290 0.34
512 25.02 14,421 0.35
1024 25.36 14,371 0.36
Lena
256 24.05 14,703 0.34
512 25.12 14,737 0.34
1024 25.72 14,713 0.35
Pepper
256 23.44 14,528 0.34
512 24.74 14,591 0.35
1024 25.21 14,652 0.35
Experimental ResultsExperimental Results
![Page 62: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
Experimental ResultsExperimental Results
![Page 63: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
ConclusionsConclusions• Information Hiding
• Pixel-domain Hiding Schemes
– Quantization-based Hiding Scheme
– Difference Expansion Oriented Data Hiding Scheme
• Index-domain Hiding Schemes
– Reversible Hiding Scheme based on STC
– Reversible Hiding Scheme based on SMVQ
![Page 64: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
Future WorksFuture Works
• Information Hiding Applications
– Watermarking
• Reversible Information Hiding
– Audio, Video, HTML, Text, DNA Sequence
• Other Compression Methods
– JPEG, Wavelet, MPEG
![Page 65: 1 資訊隱藏技術之研究 The Study of Information Hiding Mechanisms 指導教授: Chang, Chin-Chen ( 張真誠 ) 研究生: Lu, Tzu-Chuen ( 呂慈純 ) Department of Computer](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022082210/5697bf941a28abf838c907d5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
Thanks for your attentionThanks for your attention