1 the science behind the earthquake and tsunami of dec. 26, 2004 rob mccaffrey rensselaer...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of
Dec. 26, 2004
Rob McCaffrey
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005
![Page 2: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Largest Known Quakes
2005 Nias
![Page 3: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
![Page 4: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Singapore
Jakarta
Kuala Lumpur2004 (9.3)
1892 (7.6)
1833 (9)
1866 (8.5)
2005 (8.7)Sumatra
Aceh
Bock et al., AGU, 2005.
![Page 5: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
![Page 6: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
How much did the ground move?
![Page 7: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
The Island of Jawi-jawi off thecoast of Sumatra
![Page 8: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
1989
2005
![Page 9: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Mw 9.23 Dec 26, 2004
Mw 8.7 Mar 28, 2005
Velocities from 1991-2004
Bock et al., AGU, 2005.
![Page 10: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10Bock et al., AGU, 2005.
![Page 11: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Bock et al., AGU, 2005.
![Page 12: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Bock et al., AGU, 2005.
![Page 13: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
from surface displacements (40 days later)
Slip distribution of Dec 2004 quake from seismic waves
Data from Subarya et al., Nature, in press, 2005.
![Page 14: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Survey mode GPS coseismic displacements – December 26 earthquake
Data from Subarya et al., Nature, in press, 2005.
![Page 15: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
All of northernSumatra moved by about 3 meters or more!
Data from Subarya et al., Nature, in press, 2005.
![Page 16: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
At southern end of slip region, lifting and extreme tilting of the island indicates the edge of the slip area is abrupt.
Data from Subarya et al., Nature, in press, 2005.
![Page 17: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17NIAS
NIASSimeulue
Simeulue2005 quake mostly deeper and beneath land (Nias)
Data from Subarya et al., Nature, in press, 2005.
![Page 18: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Singapore
Jakarta
Kuala Lumpur2004 (9.2)
1833 (9)
1866 (8.5)2005 (8.7)
Sumatra
Aceh
?
Bock et al., AGU, 2005.
![Page 19: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19Sieh and Natawidjaja, 2000
India Plate
Australia Plate
Mechanical Barriers to Seismic Rupture
![Page 20: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Tsunami = “harbor wave”
![Page 21: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Wave speed proportional to ( g h )1/2
(g = gravity, h = wave height)By conservation of energy, wave height
proportional to h-1/4
The top of the wave outruns the bottom!
![Page 22: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Tsunami Animation
![Page 23: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Pacific Warning System
![Page 24: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Normal tide gauge record
Record with passing tsunami
![Page 25: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Kashmir earthquake of Oct 8 2005
![Page 26: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
![Page 27: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
US Pacific Northwest
Offshore Oregon and Washington there sits a loaded subduction zone similar to the Sumatra subduction zone.
![Page 28: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
![Page 29: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
![Page 30: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
![Page 31: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Sumatra fault area superimposed on US Pacific Northwest
![Page 32: 1 The Science behind the Earthquake and Tsunami of Dec. 26, 2004 Rob McCaffrey Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute STANYS Conference Nov. 7, 2005](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee55503460f94bf408d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Lose the seat, move your feet!