1. the legacy of wwii us policy: interventionists = united nations human cost holocaust...
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1. THE LEGACY OF WWII US policy:
Interventionists = United Nations• Human cost • Holocaust
– Nuremberg Trials—1946 – Toyko Trials
The Cold War 1946 to 1989 WWII today
UN
Democrac
y
Communism
Limited Democra
cy1 Party
State
MilitaryDictatorship
Dictatorship
Monarchy
No Self Governmen
t
No
Government
China
U.S.AU.S.AU.S.AU.S.A
*Great Britain**France
***
Soviet UnionSoviet UnionSoviet UnionSoviet Union
•Founders of the United Nations in 1945 •Permanent seats on the Security Council.
•Replaced the League of Nations to promote world peace
The Creation of the U. N.The Creation of the U. N.The Creation of the U. N.The Creation of the U. N.
50 to 60 million people die
US spent $300 billion
National debt $252 billion
WW II WW II CasualtieCasualties: Europes: Europe
WW II WW II CasualtieCasualties: Europes: Europe
Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the
appropriate theater of operations
WW II WW II CasualtieCasualtie
s: Asias: Asia
WW II WW II CasualtieCasualtie
s: Asias: Asia
Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the
appropriate theater of operations
Country Men in
war Battle deaths
Wounded
Australia 1,000,000 26,976 180,864
Austria 800,000 280,000 350,117
Belgium 625,000 8,460 55,5131
Brazil2 40,334 943 4,222
Bulgaria 339,760 6,671 21,878
Canada 1,086,3437 42,0427 53,145
China3 17,250,521 1,324,516 1,762,006
Czechoslovakia — 6,6834 8,017
Denmark — 4,339 —
Finland 500,000 79,047 50,000
France — 201,568 400,000
Germany 20,000,000 3,250,0004 7,250,000
1. Civilians only.
2. Army and navy figures.
3. Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.
4. Deaths from all causes.
5. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany.
6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany.
7. National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.
1. Civilians only.
2. Army and navy figures.
3. Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.
4. Deaths from all causes.
5. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany.
6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany.
7. National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.
Country Men
in war Battle deaths
Wounded
Greece — 17,024 47,290Hungary — 147,435 89,313India 2,393,891 32,121 64,354Italy 3,100,000 149,4964 66,716Japan 9,700,000 1,270,000 140,000Netherlands 280,000 6,500 2,860New Zealand 194,000 11,6254 17,000Norway 75,000 2,000 —Poland — 664,000 530,000Romania 650,0005 350,0006 —South Africa 410,056 2,473 —U.S.S.R. 20,000,000 6,115,0004 14,012,000United Kingdom
5,896,000 357,1164 369,267
United States 16,112,566 291,557 670,846Yugoslavia 3,741,000 305,000 425,000
1. Civilians only.
2. Army and navy figures.
3. Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.
4. Deaths from all causes.
5. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany.
6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany.
7. National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.
1. Civilians only.
2. Army and navy figures.
3. Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.
4. Deaths from all causes.
5. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany.
6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany.
7. National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.
WW II WW II CasualtieCasualtie
ss
WW II WW II CasualtieCasualtie
ss
Country Country Men in war Men in war Battle Battle
deaths deaths WoundedWounded
Australia Australia 1,000,000 1,000,000 26,976 26,976 180,864180,864
Austria Austria 800,000 800,000 280,000 280,000 350,117350,117
Belgium Belgium 625,000 625,000 8,460 8,460 55,51355,51311
BrazilBrazil22 40,334 40,334 943 943 4,2224,222
Bulgaria Bulgaria 339,760 339,760 6,671 6,671 21,87821,878
Canada Canada 1,086,3431,086,34377 42,04242,04277 53,14553,145
ChinaChina33 17,250,521 17,250,521 1,324,516 1,324,516 1,762,0061,762,006
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia — — 6,6836,68344 8,0178,017
Denmark Denmark — — 4,339 4,339 ——
Finland Finland 500,000 500,000 79,047 79,047 50,00050,000
France France — — 201,568 201,568 400,000400,000
Germany Germany 20,000,000 20,000,000 3,250,0003,250,00044 7,250,0007,250,000
Greece Greece — — 17,024 17,024 47,29047,290
Hungary Hungary — — 147,435 147,435 89,31389,313
India India 2,393,891 2,393,891 32,121 32,121 64,35464,354
Italy Italy 3,100,000 3,100,000 149,496149,49644 66,71666,716
Japan Japan 9,700,000 9,700,000 1,270,000 1,270,000 140,000140,000
Netherlands Netherlands 280,000 280,000 6,500 6,500 2,8602,860
New Zealand New Zealand 194,000 194,000 11,62511,62544 17,00017,000
Norway Norway 75,000 75,000 2,000 2,000 ——
Poland Poland — — 664,000 664,000 530,000530,000
Romania Romania 650,000650,00055 350,000350,00066 ——
South Africa South Africa 410,056 410,056 2,473 2,473 ——
U.S.S.R. U.S.S.R. — — 6,115,0006,115,00044 14,012,00014,012,000
United Kingdom United Kingdom 5,896,000 5,896,000 357,116357,11644 369,267369,267
United States United States 16,112,566 16,112,566 291,557 291,557 670,846670,846
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 3,741,000 3,741,000 305,000 305,000 425,000425,000
1. Civilians only.2. Army and navy figures.3. Figures cover period July 7, 1937
to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.
4. Deaths from all causes.5. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847
against Nazi Germany.6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822
against Nazi Germany.7. National Defense Ctr., Canadian
Forces Hq., Director of History.
HUMAN DISLOATIO
NS
• Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life, especially by
fire
• The genocide of European Jews and other “undesirables” by the Nazis
during World War II
• Hitler killed over 12 million “undesirables” which 6 million were
Jews in his concentration camps
• My first and foremost task will be the annihilation of the JewsJews.
• "All the human culture, all the results of art, science, and technology that we see before us today, are
almost exclusively the creative product of the AryanAryan..."
• "The mightiest counterpart to the AryanAryan is represented by the JewJew."
• "And so I believe to-day that my conduct is in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator. In standing guard against the JewJew I am defending the
handiwork of the Lord."
• The final solution itself ... to put it bluntly, the extermination
of the Jews, was not provided for by Reich Law.
• It was a Führer's Order, a so-called Führer's Order.
Adolf Eichmann, 1960-61
nuremberg
•Hitler blames Jews for problems of Germany•Loss of WWILoss of WWI
•German Economic DepressionGerman Economic Depression
•Jews identified as a “race” –not a religion
•A New Education BeginsA New Education Begins
•Save Germany from impurities•Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws
A Common EnemyA Common Enemy
• Phase 1 1933-1939Phase 1 1933-1939– A Common Enemy : Re-Education– Citizenship Rights?
– German Jews face deportation– Violence Escalates----Kristalnacht
• Phase 2 (1939-1945)Phase 2 (1939-1945)– World War II Declared (England and France)– Ghettos and Forced Labor Camps – Germans begin mass executions of European Jews
and Eastern Europeans.– Einzsengruben death squads
• Phase 3: The Phase 3: The Final SolutionFinal Solution– Move to concentration camps– Mass extermination with gas chambers
Three Phases of HatredThree Phases of Hatred
Death Camps
Auschwitz was the main death camp
Genocide: Policy of exterminating a race of people…..Nazi policy from 1941 to 1945.
Genocide: Policy of exterminating a race of people…..Nazi policy from 1941 to 1945.
Holocaust
Nazi leaders being tried for war crimes and crimes against civilians: Established the principle: That individuals are
responsible for the actions regardless if they are carrying out orders…….
Nazi leaders being tried for war crimes and crimes against civilians: Established the principle: That individuals are
responsible for the actions regardless if they are carrying out orders…….
trial
Crimes against peace, humanity—war crimesImportant principle established:
Individuals responsible for their actions
trial
Several Nazi leaders would be found guilty for crimes against humanity. Punishments ranged from prison sentences up to
life and execution by hanging…...
Japanese War Crimes Japanese War Crimes TrialsTrials
Japanese War Crimes Japanese War Crimes TrialsTrials
General General Hideki TojoHideki Tojo
Bio-Bio-Chemical Chemical
ExperimentExperimentss
on humans!on humans!
Yalta
KEY DECISIONSKEY DECISIONS Created a United NationsUnited Nations
Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones controlled by the Allies
Eastern European countries allowed “free free electionselections”
Stalin signed agreements but Eastern Europe would stay under Soviet control.
Yalta Conference shaped the post WWII
world. The lasting effect was: “You “You cannot trust the cannot trust the
words of a dictator”.words of a dictator”.
coldwar
Soviet Goals• Wanted to rebuild Europe
in ways that would help the Soviet Union recover from the huge losses it suffered during the war
• Wanted to establish Soviet satellite nations, countries subject to Soviet domination and sympathetic to Soviet goals
• Wanted to promote the spread of communism throughout the world
American Goals• Wanted conquered
European nations to experience the democracy and economic opportunity that the United States had fought for during the war
• Wanted to develop strong capitalist economies, which would provide good markets for American products
•Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
•Competition for world dominance and global power.
•Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on military battlefields---------Even though the
threat of war was always present. •Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to
1989. •It affected domestic politics and how Americans
viewed the world and themselves. •Constant state of military preparedness and arms
racePropaganda war----Democracy vs Communism
US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism
coldwar
NATO
NATO
CommunisticWarsaw Pact
CommunisticWarsaw Pact
The The Bi-Polarization Bi-Polarization of of Europe: Europe: The Beginning of The Beginning of
the Cold Warthe Cold War
The The Bi-Polarization Bi-Polarization of of Europe: Europe: The Beginning of The Beginning of
the Cold Warthe Cold War
map/cold war
Soviet Union/China and Allies……..
Democracy vs. Communism
Bi-Polarization of the World
US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies.
1950’s
atomic bomb
•The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war.
•Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. who could build the most nuclear weapons.
•U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a “deterrent”
•Peace through strength……
•“nuclear diplomacy”
•The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war.
•Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. who could build the most nuclear weapons.
•U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a “deterrent”
•Peace through strength……
•“nuclear diplomacy”
map/cold war
Soviet Union/China and Allies……..
Containment: Stop the expansion of Communism in Asia and Europe
US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies.
1950’s
Communist ExpansionCommunist ExpansionA Chronology of Events
Communist ExpansionCommunist ExpansionA Chronology of Events
China1949
Soviet Union1918
Korean War1950 to 1953
Eastern Europe
1946
CONTAINMENT
Marshall PlanBerlin Airlift
NATOKorean War
Berlin Blockade
1947-8XX
XX
7 Future American Presidents 7 Future American Presidents Lives Were Formed by Their Lives Were Formed by Their
Service in Service in World War IIWorld War II
7 Future American Presidents 7 Future American Presidents Lives Were Formed by Their Lives Were Formed by Their
Service in Service in World War IIWorld War II
The Race for SpaceThe Race for SpaceThe Race for SpaceThe Race for Space
Early Computer Early Computer TechnologyTechnology
Came Out of WW II Came Out of WW II
Early Computer Early Computer TechnologyTechnology
Came Out of WW II Came Out of WW II
Mark I, 1944Mark I, 1944
Admiral Grace Admiral Grace Hooper, 1944-1992Hooper, 1944-1992COBOL languageCOBOL language
Colossus, 1941Colossus, 1941
The De-Colonization of European Empires
The De-Colonization of European Empires
The Emergence of Third The Emergence of Third World Nationalist MovementsWorld Nationalist Movements
The Emergence of Third The Emergence of Third World Nationalist MovementsWorld Nationalist Movements