U.S. HISTORYPRACTICE E.O.I

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1. The Cold War was primarily a result ofA the limitations of the League of Nations.B the tension between communism and capitalism.C the competition between established nations and new colonies.D the refusal of the United States to send economic aid to Japan.

2. Which Oklahoman both criticized and supported New Deal policies in print and on the radio?F Will RogersG Ralph EllisonH Woody GuthrieJ Frederic Remington

3. Large companies, such as Montgomery Ward and Sears, Roebuck and Company, prospered in the late nineteenth century primarily because theyA provided Americans with a variety of imported goods.B extended the market for goods and services to rural areas.C financed the construction of intercontinental railroad systems.D paid American employees high wages and provided good benefits.

4. The period of abundant creativity in African American literature and art following World War I is commonly referred to as theF Progressive Reforms.G Harlem Renaissance.H Great Society.J Glory Days.

5. Which allegation prompted the hearings led by Senator Joseph McCarthy in the early 1950s?A poor conditions for industrial workersB poor enforcement of civil rights legislationC fundraising corruption by political party bossesD communist infiltration of the federal government

6. Why was the National Aeronautics and Space Administration formed?A to develop nuclear power plantsB to search for life in outer spaceC to develop planes that could carry nuclear weaponsD to take charge of U.S. programs for exploring outer space.

“Our country and the world are today involved in more than a financial crisis . . . No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no economic plan or project can replace that . . . responsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors.” —Herbert Hoover “We face our common difficulties. They concern . . . only material things. Values have shrunken to fantastic levels . . . The savings of many years in thousands of families are gone . . . This Nation asks for action, and action now . . . I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require.”—Franklin D. Roosevelt7. The quotations illustrate the difference in the policies of Hoover and Roosevelt regardingA the expansion of civil rights.B the need for resource conservation.C the effect of foreign trade on the economy.D the role of government in the lives of citizens.

Constitutional Amendment Passed Senators Now to Be Elected by Popular Vote- Star Press IRecent Election Results in Record Turnout by Voters- Daily News IIMany States Adopt Secret Ballot- The Journal IIIMayor Awards Construction Contract to Personal Friends- The Globe IV8. Progressives would be alarmed by which headline?F IG IIH IIIJ IV

. . . Those guarantees of the Bill of Rights which are fundamental safeguards of liberty immune from federal (limitation) are equally protected against state invasion by the . . . Fourteenth Amendment. —United States Supreme Court decision, Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963 . . . No State shall . . . deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdictions the equal protection of the laws.—14th Amendment, 1868

9. Which statement is supported by both quotations?A Citizens should have fair treatment under the law.B Governments sometimes must suspend individual rights.C States require reasonable independence from the federal government.D Governments should have broader ability to protect personal possessions.

10. The policies of the New Deal influenced African Americans to supportF the Populist Party.G the Democratic Party.H the Republican Party.J the Communist Party.

11. Which statement describes a result of the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas?A Counties prevented illiterate citizens from voting in elections.B Businesses provided separate but equal facilities for men and women.C Housing for low-income and rural families received approval from Congress.D Integration policies allowed African Americans to attend previously all-white public schools.

United States Acquires Guam Remember the Maine United States Acquires the

Philippines12. Which war was associated with the headlines above?F Cold WarG Civil WarH World War IJ Spanish-American War

Here we have one of the factors responsible for the uneven progress of industry and agriculture. Compared with the factory, the farm has suffered from . . . outmoded techniques. . . . Yet all of us who studied the problem believed that an opening inevitably would come for a serious, well-ordered effort to extend to the farm the benefits electricity has made possible to town dwellers in this country. —Morris L. Cooke, Rural Electrification Administration, 1935

13. Based on the quotation, which statement best describes the impact of rural electrification on American society?A decreased dependence on technologyB decreased government intervention in industryC increased economic development of rural areasD increased movement of people from urban to rural areas

“You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly.” —President Dwight D. Eisenhower, referring to the spread of communism in Southeast Asia, 1954

14. Which action was taken to support President Eisenhower’s theory about communism in Vietnam?F President Johnson suspended bombing in North Vietnam.G United States citizens held demonstrations against the Vietnam War.H United States forces increased military operations in South Vietnam.J President Nixon called for a gradual withdrawal of troops from Vietnam.

15 Which explanation for the decline in voter turnout during the 1970s is best?A The rise of third parties tended to overwhelm voters.B Political scandals like Watergate created a distrust of government.C The lack of differences between the candidates caused disinterest among voters.D Economic depression caused Americans to be more concerned with their personal lives.

16 The Ku Klux Klan marches in Binghamton, New York, in the 1920s. Based on the photograph, the marchers wanted the government to pass immigration laws that would favorF immigrants from all religious groups.G immigrants from diverse ethnic groups.H people descended from Northern European Protestants.J people descended from Southern European Catholics.

17 Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy” resulted inA an increase in presidential power.B a decrease in imperialistic activity.C an increase in United States territory in Europe.D a decrease in United States involvement in Central America.

18. President Theodore Roosevelt became known as a “trustbuster” because he supported laws designed to regulateA campaign finances.B business monopolies.C religious organizations.D educational institutions.

19. Which event contributed most to the Harlem Renaissance?F fears associated with the Red ScareG political reforms of the Populist MovementH tensions from the Back to Africa MovementJ migration of African Americans to Northern cities

20. What was the most significant American contribution to the Allied cause before 1942?A air support for Allied troopsB military ground forces in the PacificC war materials leased to Allied forcesD atomic research of the Manhattan Project

21. Which statement best describes the U.S. government’s usual reaction to large waves of immigrants?F laws that restrict the number of immigrants from certain countriesG laws that make it easier for immigrants to earn decent wagesH laws that make it easier for immigrants to enter the countryJ laws that restrict immigrants from certain jobs

22. What was one of the results of Franklin D. Roosevelt being elected to four terms as president?A a restriction of voting rightsB a public demand for longer presidential termsC a revision in nominating procedures of the major political partiesD a constitutional amendment limiting a president to two full terms in office

23. Why were President George H.W. Bush and his administration concerned about Iraq’s military aggression prior to the Persian Gulf War?F they thought the aggression would start an Arab uprisingG they thought the aggression would threaten the sovereignty of IsraelH they thought the aggression would threaten the Saudi Arabian oil reservesJ they thought the aggression would spread radical Islam throughout the Middle East

24. What was the significance of the Allied victory at Guadalcanal?A It ended fighting in the Pacific.B It cut off Japanese supply lines.C It forced the surrender of the Italian army.D It was the first offensive that involved the United States.

25. Which remark by President George W. Bush during the signing of the Homeland Security Act summarizes the intent of the new department?F “many terrorists are now being interrogated”

G “we understand they hate us because of what we love”

H “America will be better able to respond to future attacks”

J “We’re fighting a new kind of war against determined enemies”

26. Which action was a result of the Spanish-American War?A The United States was too weakened to influence world events.B The United States granted full independence to all countries involved in the conflict.C President McKinley stated that the United States should avoid all future military conflicts.D The United States acquired possessions in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.

27. The term “Great Society” came to representA. the glamorous image of the Kennedy administration.B the nation’s anti-communist agenda.

C Michael Harrington’s affluent society.

D the domestic programs of the Johnson administration.

Contributions of Some Immigrant Groups, Mid-to-Late 1800sImmigrant Group Some Jobs HeldIrish Union Pacific Railroad workers, city laborersChinese Central Pacific Railroad workersItalian Bridge and subway construction workersGerman Farmers, merchants

28. Based on the information, which conclusion regarding immigrants in the mid-to-late 1800s is most likely true?A They controlled much of the capital in banks.B They found a variety of ways to get rich quickly.C They seldom experienced discrimination in the workplace.D They frequently performed the most strenuous types of work.

Imperialism Expansionism Yellow Journalism

29. The terms listed above are associated with theF Korean War.G Great Depression.H Civil Rights Movement.J Spanish-American War.

German Words Commonly Used in the United StatesKindergarten noodle pretzelfrankfurter waltz spritzzig-zag torte hamburger

30. Based on the information, which conclusion about the influence of immigrants on the United States can be made?A Immigrants’ impact on the United States affected only major cities.B Immigrants from Germany had the greatest impact on the United States.C Immigrants’ cultural impact on the United States can be seen on a daily basis.D Immigrants from Germany had an impact only on the food of the United States.

“I never take a step in foreign policy unless I am assured that I shall be able eventually to carry out my will by force.” —President Theodore Roosevelt “We have become a great nation, forced by the fact of its greatness into relations with the other nations of the earth . . . But justice and generosity in a nation . . . count most when shown not by the weak but by the strong.”—President Theodore Roosevelt

31. Based on these quotations, President Roosevelt’s opponents were probably most critical of hisF weakening the military by sending troops to too many locations.G threatening the use of military action to dominate other nations.H spending money on building up economies throughout the world.J overstepping his constitutional authority in dealing with other nations.

32. The concept of massive retaliation wasA adopted from German war strategies by John Foster Dulles.B a pledge that the United States would use overwhelming force to settle serious conflicts.C integral to the formation of the Central Intelligence Agency.D the main military strategy of the Soviet Union.

33. Which event describes a World War II sacrifice made by United States citizens on the home front?F Many industrial jobs were eliminated.G Protests and riots caused great destruction.H Many U.S. cities were destroyed by German bombs.J Fuel, textiles, meat, and other goods were rationed.

34. In the United States, third-party movements occur most often whenA law and order breaks down in society.B large numbers of immigrants enter the country.C major political parties ignore important public issues.D presidents and government officials become too powerful.

35. An example of ethnic discrimination during World War II occurred whenF German Americans were tried for war crimes.G Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were executed for spying.H Japanese Americans were imprisoned in internment camps.J African American women were excluded from the workforce.

36. How did the impact of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas decision go beyond its original intent?A It allowed the federal government to use any measures to enforce the law.B It directed public schools to teach people how to address racial problems.C It ushered in a period of racial harmony in the nation.D It expanded integration beyond public schools.

Political Platforms 1948–1972Government should spend more money to help people who are out of work. —Democratic Party Government should help business first, because better business means more jobs. —Republican Party 37. Which generalization is best supported by these statements?F Republicans were leaders and Democrats were followers.G Democrats and Republicans disagreed over the constitutional issues.H Both parties were concerned only with the needs of large corporations.J Both parties had different ideas about how to accomplish the same goals.

38. At the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914, President Wilson followed a foreign policy ofF neutrality.G militarism.H containment.J expansionism.

39. One factor which contributed to the Great Depression was that American consumers in the 1920sA avoided purchasing anything other than the bare necessities.B began to accumulate personal debt through installment buying.C were unable to afford manufactured goods because the costs were so high.D waited until they had saved enough money before making major purchases.

40. Which event caused a president to resign in disgrace?F the Cold War H the Bay of Pigs invasion

G the Watergate scandal J the Teapot Dome scandal

41. What themes dominated the songs that Woody Guthrie wrote during the 1930s?A sophisticated wit that appealed to wealthy urbanitesB musical humor that poked fun at American politiciansC social injustice and hardship during the Great DepressionD sarcastic humor which expressed a cynical view of communism

42. How were the roles of women and minorities affected by America’s entrance into World War II?F Both groups found new employment opportunities.G Both groups were allowed to vote for the first time.H Both groups were allowed to serve in the armed forces for the first time.J Both groups joined forces to fight against racial and gender discrimination.

43. Which headline would probably have appeared first?A 1B 2C 3D 4

44. What was the purpose of the requirements listed in the box above?F to encourage more young Americans to voteG to make the voting process more democraticH to restrict many African Americans from votingJ to demonstrate the benefits of women’s suffrage

45. Which social change is a significant result of the twentieth century women’s movement in the United States?A Women have made few gains in society since the passage of the 19thAmendment.B Women regularly earn higher salaries than men for doing the same work.C A larger percentage of women are homemakers now than ever before.D Society has become more aware of the concerns of American women.

46. Which statement best describes the importance of immigration to the development of the United States?F Immigration has had no real influence on the United States.G The population of the United States would decline without immigration.H Immigrants usually brought family fortunes that helped to build the United States.J Immigration provides a flow of new ideas and diverse cultures to the United States.

47. How was immigration critical to the rapid industrialization of the late nineteenth century?A Immigrants were generally skilled workers.B Immigrants enjoyed a high standard of living.C Immigrants financed the expansion of industry.D Immigrants supplied a large pool of unskilled labor.

48. What convinced President Truman to use the atomic bomb?F the decision by Hitler to send troops to JapanG the inability of the United States to capture any Pacific islandsH the projections of heavy casualties in an Allied invasion of JapanJ the unanimous support of the United States scientific community

49. Which activity best completes the diagram?A watching televisionB driving an automobileC traveling on jet planesD using a personal computer

“What is our title to the Philippine Islands? Do we hold them by treaty or by conquest? Did we buy them, or did we take them? . . . If governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, it is impossible to secure title to [the Philippine people], either by force or by purchase.” —William Jennings Bryan, 1900 50. In his speech on United States imperialism, William Jennings Bryan gave reasons for his belief inF the right of people to determine their own destiny.G the role of government in upholding equal rights for all citizens.H the responsibility of a government to come to the aid of its allies.J the right of one country to overthrow the government of another country.

51. Which battle was the turning point in the Pacific theater of World War II ?A MidwayB OkinawaC Leyte GulfD Pearl Harbor

52. The Great Migration to Northern cities contributed most directly to an increase inF racial hostility.G patriotic expression.H national isolationism.J railroad construction.

53. Which World War II event forced Germany to fight a land war on two European fronts?A the Battle of BritainB the Battle of the BulgeC the invasion of NormandyD the evacuation of Dunkirk

54. Which event was a post-World War II reaction to the Holocaust?F constitutional amendments outlawing anti-SemitismG the establishment of Israel as an independent nationH the return of all confiscated property to Jewish survivorsJ passage of anti-Semitic laws throughout the United States

“The facts of the matter are that this nation’s foes have openly boasted of acquiring through our newspapers information they would otherwise hire agents to acquire through theft, bribery, or espionage.” —President John F. Kennedy, 1961 55. Why did President Kennedy feel that some information should not be published in newspapers?A Such publication damages military morale.B The First Amendment was not important to him.C The American military is governed by martial law.D Communists could obtain vital information from newspaper reports.

56. The cartoon suggests that during the late 1800s the United States government wasF shifting its foreign policy toward global expansion.G encouraging immigration in order to gain new states.H restricting its foreign policy actions to unpopulated areas of the world.J providing military and economic assistance to nations attempting to become democracies.

57. Which of these is the most accurate conclusion that can be drawn from this chart?F Irish immigration was higher in the middle 1800s than in the early 1900s.G German immigration was higher in the early 1900s than in the middle 1800s.H Fewer people immigrated to this country in the early 1900s than in the middle of the 1800s.J There was no difference in the number of immigrants entering the country between the two periods.

58. The Immigration Act of 1924 imposed immigration quotas on what basis?A literacyB nationalityC social classD religious beliefs

59. The 19th Amendment was nicknamed the “Susan B. Anthony Amendment” because AnthonyF graduated from Oberlin College.G chaired the Seneca Falls Convention.H helped lead the women’s suffrage movement.J fought for women’s health and safety standards.

“You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly. So you could have a beginning of a [process] that would have the most profound influences.” — President Dwight D. Eisenhower News Conference on April 7, 1954

60. The view expressed in the quotation most directly resulted in the United StatesA increasing its involvement in Vietnam.B developing a program to explore space.C increasing the stockpile of nuclear weapons.D improving its diplomatic relations with China.

“You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly. So you could have a beginning of a [process] that would have the most profound influences.” — President Dwight D. Eisenhower News Conference on April 7, 1954

61. Which presidential platform is most similar to the view Eisenhower expressed?F Calvin Coolidge’s desire to create a favorable business climateG Woodrow Wilson’s vision of an international peacekeeping organizationH Harry Truman’s commitment to support countries resisting communismJ Franklin Roosevelt’s belief in government spending to help the economy

“The battle against Communism must be joined in Southeast Asia with strength and determination to achieve success there—or the United States, inevitably, must surrender the Pacific and take up our defenses on our own shores.”—Vice President Johnson writing to JFK, 1961

62. What did Vice President Johnson want President Kennedy to do?A invade the Soviet UnionB withdraw troops from Southeast AsiaC increase United States military presence in VietnamD build new military bases in California and Washington

63. Why do historians believe Vice President Johnson’s ideas, also known as “the domino effect,” are opinion rather than fact?F He clearly is prejudiced against any nation that is led by a communist.G He exaggerates the scope of the communist drive for world domination.H He uses emotionally charged language rather than diplomatic tones to convey his message to the president.J He offers no proof that if one nation in a region becomes communist, all other nations in the region will also become communist.

64. Which excerpt from President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s war message to Congress would be considered a fact rather than an opinion?A “The Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements . . .”B “The American people in their righteous might will win . . .”C “Our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger . . .”D “American ships have been torpedoed on the high seas . . .”

65. One reason immigration laws were passed in the 1920s wasA fear of radical ideas and communism.B resentment toward Europeans after World War I.C the success of D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation.D writings by leaders of the Niagara Movement.

66. Which government reform does the cartoon promote?F building safety codesG equal opportunity lawsH social security programsJ environmental protection acts

67. The cartoon shows support for a cause promoted by theA abolitionists.B industrialists.C isolationists.D progressives.

68. Which statement best expresses the message of the cartoon?F Laws should be passed to protect women in the workplace.G Laws should be passed to encourage women to work at home.H Women should be allowed to work in management positions.J Women should use modern technology to make their work easier.

69. After World War II, United States foreign policy was characterized by its long-term opposition to communist expansion. This policy is calledA pacifism.B isolationism.C containment.D appeasement.

70. Which most directly caused American entry into World War I?A the bombing of Pearl HarborB economic recovery from the Great DepressionC the protection of American trade interests within GermanyD the use of unrestricted submarine warfare against American shipping

71. Which of these best explains the foreign policy objective of President Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”?F It should use military force around the world.G It should recruit skilled workers from overseas.H It should isolate the United States from Central America.J It should use investments to gain influence in the Western hemisphere.

72. President Wilson’s goal for the League of Nations wasF a balance-of-power theory.G international cooperation.H a strong international military force.J the United States becoming a world superpower.

73. Which form of entertainment helped to create a mass, nationwide popular culture in the 1920s and 1930s?A radioB televisionC vaudevilleD live theatre

74. What method did many Americans use to buy items beyond their means in the 1920s?F barterG loans from relativesH installment plansJ government loans

75. Which statement asserts the ideas of most New Deal economists?A Big business should set most economic policies.B The law of supply and demand should determine all economic decisions.C The federal government should have absolutely no power over the economy.D An important function of government is to moderate the effects of the business cycle.

76. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt said, “December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy,” to what was he referring?F the Battle of St. LoG the Battle of the BulgeH the evacuation of DunkirkJ the attack on Pearl Harbor

77. Why was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed?A to invade the Soviet Union and end the communist threatB to spread communist propaganda in post-war EuropeC to further the United States’ foreign policy of containmentD to provide support for the French resistance to Hitler

78. Senator Joseph McCarthy was responsible for inciting fear and hysteria in the American public by claiming thatF members of the Communist Party were infiltrating all levels of American government.G large numbers of immigrants from Ireland were creating crime in the nation’s cities.H anarchists and radicals from Italy were plotting to overthrow the government.J Spain had destroyed an American warship in Havana, Cuba.

79. Which individual was a driving force behind the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act?F Marcus GarveyG Frederick DouglassH Booker T. WashingtonJ Martin Luther King, Jr.

80. What event sparked the beginning of the modern feminist movement?A the refusal of Rosa Parks to give up her bus seatB the publication of The Feminine Mystique by Betty FriedanC the Vietnam WarD the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment

1.B2.F3.B4.G5.D6.D7.D8.J 9.A 10.G 11.D 12.J 13.C 14.H 15.B 16.H17.A18.B19.J20.C

21.F22.D23.H24.B25.H26.D27.D28.D29.J30.C31.G32.B33.J34.C35.H36.D37.J38.F39.B40.G

41.C42.F43.B44.H45.D46.J47.D48.H49.B50.F51.A52.F53.C54.G55.D56.F57.F58.B59.H60.A

61.H62.C63.J64.D65.A66.G67.D68.H69.C70.D71.J72.G73.A74.H75.D76.J77.C78.F79.J80.B