1. terms of easement deed provisions control 1. terms of easement, but if 2. easement silent, then...
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Scope and Transferability
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Express Easements
1. Terms of Easement
Deed provisions control
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Scope of Express Easements
1. Terms of Easement, but if
2. Easement Silent, then apply
Rule of Reason – a balancing test:
benefit to dominant tenantvs.
burden on servient tenant
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Scope of Express Easements Factors to determine if dominant
tenant’s use is reasonable:
Did use occur before the easement? Did use occur after easement granted
without complaint? What is the purpose of the easement? How much did dominant tenant pay for
the easement? Should change in circumstances be
considered?
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Scope and Transferability
[continued]
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Scope of Implied Easements
Circumstances viewed from a reasonable perspective
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Scope of Prescriptive Easements
Original adverse use becomes basis for applying the rule of reason.
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S.S. Kresge Co. v. Winkelman Realty
Jefferson
Washington
2d
3d
1 2 3 4
56
78Plaintiff
alley
Defendant
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Use of Easement by Servient Tenant
May continue to use and enjoy but
May not interfere with dominant tenant’s use.
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Use of Easement by Servient Tenant
May grant overlapping easements but
New easements cannot unreasonably interfere with original easement.
Original easement may be made exclusive.
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Use of Easement by Servient Tenant
Generally, servient tenant may not move the location of the easement.
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Use of Easement by Servient Tenant
If dominant tenant wants easement maintained or repaired, dominant tenant must perform the maintenance.
Covenants to repair, however, may be coupled with an easement.
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Use of Easement by Servient Tenant
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Sakansky v. Wein
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Transfer of Easements
Follow express terms of easement, if any.
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Transfer of Easements
Burden -- If easement silent:
Burden not severable from servient land.
The easement “runs with” the land and burdens new owners and lessees.
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Transfer of Easements
Benefit -- If easement silent:
Appurtenant – Benefit runs with the land and benefits the new owner or lessee.▪ Cannot transform an appurtenant
easement into an in gross easement without consent of servient tenant.
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Transfer of Easements
Benefit -- If easement silent:
In gross – different approaches▪ Common law = no transfer allowed▪ Modern law = transferred allowed if
commercial