1 technical aspects to realize e-government systems
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Technical aspects to realize e-Government systems
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Scope of Activities• Applicable across full public service – Central Departments– State owned service delivery agencies– Regional & Local Government– Health & Education sectors
• Develop and implement common systems• Develop and apply interoperability and operational standards• eGovernment coordination and programme management role
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Transformation of G-2-eG• Information about services• New access channels• New levels of service• Business processes (front and back office)• Organisational structures
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Infrastructure for e-Government• 1st Round– Government in good working order– Functioning governance processes– Availability of resources– Consensus on drivers for e-Government– Political support & leadership
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Elements of eGovernment Infrastructure
Overall visionGovernance
•Making and implementing decisions• Leadership• Organisational arrangements• Resources and funding• Accountability• Measuring success
Common Systems•Centrally Provided services for use across public service
• Hub architecture offers many benefits
6Ref- http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan004277.pdf
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Benefits of Central Services• Economies of scale• Common Standards• Enforcement of standards• Consistency of customer experience• Sharing of customer data• Integration of customer services
Central Services• Customer Identity Management• Authentication and authorisation• Security• Trust services• Data services• Forms engine• Information Repositories
Customer Readiness• Cultural readiness• Income levels• Confidence /trust in
Technical Infrastructure Legislative Framework
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Building the Infrastructure for eGovernment
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E-Society in the News
From BBC news web site UK government responds on Phorm Crackdown on 'suicide websites' Computer games drive social ties Web 'must separate rumour' from science
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Topics
Broadly a 2-way split Sectors
» E-commerce, e-govt, e-learning, e-health, e-science, e-entertainment
Issues» Legal, ethical/professional, organisational,
policy, digital divide
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Course structure Schedule
» See web page» Tutorials: sign up via Web
Staff» Frank Guerin (course organiser, co-teaching)» Matthew Collinson (co-teaching)» Unconfirmed: ?Matt Dennis? (demonstrator)
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Reading Information page on course website
» Books, websites, seminars» All background/optional» No course textbook as such» http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~csc245/teaching/CS5038/information/
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Assessment
75% exam» Topics from lectures, tutorials, assessment
– NOT just what's on powerpoint!
25% coursework» Two articles (25%)
– NOT just what's on powerpoint!
» Oral presentation – not marked, but could help article
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Introduction: What is eSociety About?
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Introduction: What is eSociety About?
Electronic
TechnologyHuman
Society
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Marshall McLuhan, 1911 - 1980
"we shape our tools and they in "we shape our tools and they in turn shape us.”turn shape us.”
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Some definitions…
• Technology: the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems
• Technology: a broad concept that deals with a species' usage and knowledge of tools and crafts, and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt to its environment
• Society: an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
• Society: a grouping of individuals, which is characterized by common interests and may have distinctive culture and institutions.
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
Development of farming
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
Settlement
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
Settlement
They interact and feed each other – technological and social development
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
Development of money
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
Specialisation
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
Specialisation
Some unexpected, like traders
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
Development
of Writing
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Technological and social developments through the ages…
Specialist knowledge
Mathematics
Scribes
Education
Classes
…
So technology is the motor for major social changes
Now technological change is so fast and profound interesting times for society
We are only at the beginning of this social change
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phone
screens
fast data transmission and processing
large databases
search
Encryption
Specific technologies were necessary for specific sectors
Sometimes one is driving the other
Much has been discovered very recently
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Freedom of information
Censorship
Freedom of speech
Blogging
Technology provides a new opportunity + society makes use of it (in unforeseen ways)
=Society changes
Society has a new need
Technology fills the gap
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Music
Movies
TV
Web 2.0
Again…
Technology provides a new opportunity + society makes use of it (in unforeseen ways)
=Society changes
Society has a new need
Technology fills the gap
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Why study eSociety?
Learn about effects on societyLearn about new/old needs of societyLearn about non technical challenges
Looking at the big picture maybe you can see the patternhelps you predict
how technology will changehow society will change
business opportunity (Google, eBay, Amazon, Youtube)social engineering opportunity
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Topics: Sectors
E-Society sectors» E-commerce» E-government» E-learning» E-health» E-science» E-entertainment
Potential benefits? Barriers?
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E-Commerce
Potential benefits» Shop open 24/7» Customers all over world» Unlimited catalogue
Issues» Business models (organisational change)» Security/privacy/trust» Legal barriers to international sales
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E-Commerce
Potential benefits» Shop open 24/7» Customers all over world» Unlimited catalogue
Issues» Business models (organisational change)» Security/privacy/trust» Legal barriers to international sales
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E-government
Potential benefits» Info is easily accessible to all» Easier tax forms, voting, etc
Issues
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E-government
Potential benefits» Info is easily accessible to all» Easier tax forms, voting, etc
Issues» Unfair to people who lack access to web?
– Poor, elderly, deprived
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E-Learning
Potential benefits» Distance learning» Material can be customised to student
Issues
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E-Learning
Potential benefits» Distance learning» Material can be customised to student
Issues» Ownership/use of material?» Many people want face-to-face teaching
– Interaction with peers
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E-Health
Potential benefits» Sharing medical information (eg, A&E)» Fewer medical errors» Detect disease outbreaks, etc, better
Issues
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E-Health
Potential benefits» Sharing medical information (eg, A&E)» Fewer medical errors» Detect disease outbreaks, etc, better
Issues» Security/privacy of medical data» What happens when computers crash?
– Natural diasasters?
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Reflect: Systems Thinking
Systems, which perform functions and provide services, are complex assemblies and combinations of technological, human/social, economic, and policy components.
How can we organize our understanding? How can model systems so that we can explore and
reason about all of the interacting and conflicting components and requirements?
How do systems fail? Systemic failure, component failure, individual culpability?
Security examples.
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E-Science
Potential benefits» Universal access to scientific papers and
data sets» Better collaboration, sharing of resources
Issues» Organisational: researchers judged by
research papers in conventional journals» How detect bogus material
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E-Science
Potential benefits» Universal access to scientific papers and
data sets» Better collaboration, sharing of resources
Issues» Organisational: researchers judged by
research papers in conventional journals» How detect bogus material
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E-Entertainment
Potential benefits» Much broader range of material» Interact with people around world
Issues» Privacy (esp of children)» Rights to material (IPR)
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E-Entertainment
Potential benefits» Much broader range of material» Interact with people around world
Issues» Privacy (esp of children)» Rights to material (IPR)
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E-Society
Internet/web/IT can change society for the better
But these changes require many non-technical barriers to be addressed.
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Standard for new tech
To effectively use cars, society needs» Infrastructure: roads, petrol stations…» Public policy (speed limit, age limit)» Laws, regulations, licenses» Professional bodies (AA), training (BSM)» Mechanism to deal with failures
– Police, ambulances, etc for crashes
Much more than actual vehicle
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Electronic
TechnologyHuman
Society
"we shape our tools and they in turn "we shape our tools and they in turn shape us.”shape us.”